Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Confrades do Rosário: sociabilidade e identidade étnica em Mariana - Minas Gerais (1745-1820)

Este trabalho visa compreender a organização social de um grupo encontrado em um núcleo urbano das Minas setecentistas e reunido no interior de uma associação fraternal, onde seus representantes destacaram igual procedência, a chamada “Terra de Courá”. De fato, tais personagens foram apreendidos através da análise do perfil dos confrades e da composição hierárquica da Irmandade de Nossa Senhora do Rosário dos pretos de Mariana. A fundação e a estruturação dessa confraria também foi enfatizada, sendo assim detalhado o demorado processo de construção e ornamentação de sua imponente Capela, iniciado em 1752 e concluído em 1826. Desse modo, o alcance do objeto privilegiado é resultante de um ajustado desvio de enfoque. Da investigação de uma instituição religiosa criada por africanos passa-se ao estudo minucioso das vivências de alguns de seus membros – os “couranos”. Entre estes, destacaram-se exímios oficiais e integrantes da corte festiva do Rosário.This work aim to understand the social organization of a group found in an urban nucleus of Minas Gerais in the eighteenth century and gathered in the interior of a fraternal association, where its representatives highlighted their similar origin called Terra de Coura. In fact, such characters were noticed through the analysis of the brotherhood profile and the hierarchical composition of the Irmandade de Nossa Senhora do Rosário of the black people from Mariana. The foundation and the structure of this brotherhood was also emphasized by detailing the slow process of the construction and ornamentation of its imposing Chapel, started in 1752 and concluded in 1826. Thus, the reach of the privileged object is a result of an approach adjusted deviation. From the investigation of a religious institution created by Africans it turns to the thorough study of the existence of some of its members – the couranos. Among them there were important officials integrating Rosário’s festive court.205 p

Transformações de uma prática contenciosa: as “Ações de Liberdade” produzidas em Mariana – 1750/69 e 1850/69

With regularity, the Court of Law was called in to mediate conflicts around the attainment and enjoyment of freedom. The actions resulting from such disputes brought before the court of first instance in the city of Mariana are the sources of my research. I focus on distinct periods of its caseload - from 1750 to 1769 and from 1850 to 1869 - to highlight the changes in the organization of these processes, properly related to the specific contexts, mainly, to the institutional and political aspects.With regularity, the Court of Law was called in to mediate conflicts around the attainment and enjoyment of freedom. The actions resulting from such disputes brought before the court of first instance in the city of Mariana are the sources of my research. I focus on distinct periods of its caseload - from 1750 to 1769 and from 1850 to 1869 - to highlight the changes in the organization of these processes, properly related to the specific contexts, mainly, to the institutional and political aspects.Com regularidade, a Justiça foi acionada para intermediar os conflitos em torno da obtenção e do usufruto da liberdade. As ações resultantes dessas contendas interpostas no tribunal de primeira instância da cidade de Mariana constituem as fontes da minha investigação. Concentro-me em diferentes períodos de sua produção – de 1750 a 1769 e de 1850 a 1869 –, afim de ressaltar as transformações na organização desses processos, devidamente relacionadas aos contextos específi cos, sobretudo, aos aspectos institucionais e políticos

Fighting for freedom : manumitted people and free blacks in the Courts of Old Portuguese Order (Mariana e Lisboa, 1720-1819)

Orientador: Silvia Hunold LaraTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências HumanasResumo: Esta tese debate sobre um desafio enfrentado pelos egressos do cativeiro e seus descendentes: a manutenção da posse e do usufruto da liberdade. A partir da leitura de centenas de ações cíveis são analisadas a reescravização, a escravização ilícita e o prolongamento indevido do cativeiro, práticas ocasionadas entre 1720 e 1819 em duas cidades do Império português: um importante centro escravista colonial - Mariana/Minas Gerais; e a capital metropolitana com muitos escravos - Lisboa/Portugal. Ao mesmo tempo, são também examinadas as estratégias de proteção e resistência aplicadas, na arena judicial, pelos libertos, coartados e livres de cor, instruídos por seus advogados. Dessas atuações sobressaem, de um lado, as imposições de limites à vida em liberdade dos homens de cor e, de outro, as contestações ao domínio dos patronos e senhores. Assim, neste trabalho observa-se que a intermediação da Justiça nos conflitos em torno da escravidão e da liberdade é capaz de revelar novas dimensões das relações privadas entre tais envolvidosAbstract: This doctoral dissertation discusses the problems faced by former slaves and their descendants, which is to have the possession and the enjoyment of freedom. This work analyses the practice of re-enslavement, illicit captivity, and illegal extension of slavery in hundreds of legal actions, that took place between 1720 and 1819 in two places of the Portuguese Empire. The two cities are Mariana, an important slavery center in the American continent and Lisbon, a metropolitan capital with a lot of slaves in Europe. This research also investigates how manumitted people, "coartados", and free blacks, instructed by their lawyers, create strategies of protection and resistance in the Court. In these performances of men of colour in the court, it is emphasized the risks and constrains to the freedom of manumitted people and free blacks, at the same time it appears the limits to the domain of masters and former-masters. Therefore, it is observed throughout this work that the intermediation of the court in conflicts about slavery and freedom reveal new dimensions in the private relationships among former-masters and manumitted people, as well as among masters and slavesDoutoradoHistoria SocialDoutora em Históri

Residência pedagógica e os caminhos para docência: das incertezas à busca por inovações em sala de aula

O presente escrito trata da experiência de iniciação docente no Programa Residência Pedagógica, do subprojeto de História da Universidade da Integração Internacional da Lusofonia Afro-brasileira (Unilab). Analisa-se como tal prática contribuiu para a formação docente em meio às incertezas e anseios do primeiro contato com o ser professor(a).  Ambientado em municípios da região do Maciço de Baturité, no interior do Ceará, esta formação foi dividida em três ciclos, sendo cada um deles vivenciado em uma escola diferente, correspondendo aos níveis de ensino fundamental II e médio, incluindo uma escola de tempo integral. Esta experiência fortaleceu conhecimentos significantes sobre a ação no chão da escola em conexão com as diversas realidades, o que contribuiu para um aprendizado significativo, e possibilitou a promoção de uma consciência sobre a importância do ensino de História