Descobrim la ciència: desenvolupament i millora del l’aprenentatge de l’alumnat d’educació infantil amb experiències innovadores relacionades amb la ciència

Treball Final de Grau en Mestre o Mestra d'Educació Infantil. Codi: MI1040. Curs acadèmic 2015-2016El següent projecte conté una exhaustiva investigació que gira entorn d‟una anàlisi de la societat actual en relació a la física i química, centrant-se en l‟aspecte educatiu. Aquesta es basa en els materials que poden trobar a l`abast a les escoles per a la pràctica docent, bé siguen jocs de ciència, llibres, recursos materials… És imprescindible centrar l‟atenció en els propis docents, ja que la seua escassa preparació a infantil és nul·la per tal d‟abordar aquesta matèria. Plantegem un material i una metodologia per a què siga possible treballar des d‟edats primerenques els continguts de química. Després d‟aquesta exhaustiva investigació conclou amb la necessitat d‟un material idoni per a resoldre el problema que es troba en la societat donant peu a l‟objectiu principal del projecte, que és: la creació d‟un material innovador per tal que els docents puguen incloure a la seua pràctica diària la matèria de química a l‟alumnat d‟infantil. Aquest material s‟anomena “Descobrim la ciència”, és un baül d‟on els xiquets/es aprendran continguts específics de física i química. La metodologia d‟aquest material és a través del mètode científic per a l‟alumnat de 5 anys, basant-se en els principis pedagògics, aquest mètode deixa un ampli ventall de possibilitats per a un aprenentatge significatiu dels alumnes, ja que seran ells els protagonistes del procés ensenyament- aprenentatge i crearan el seu propi aprenentatge. Respecte altres edats que engloba l‟etapa d‟infantil, s‟utilitzarà el material “Descobrim la ciència” per a introduir la química i intentar relacionar-ho en situacions de la realitat que ens envolta.The next project contains an exhaustive investigation than resolves around an analysis of modern society in relation to the physics and chemistry, focusing on the educational aspect. This is based on the materials that can be found in scope in schools for the teaching practice, whether science games, books, material resources etc... It is essential to focus attention on the teachers themselves, as his lack of preparation to children is null in order to address this matter. We propose a material and a method as possible to work from an early age the chemical content After this exhaustive investigation concludes with the need of a suitable material to solve the problem that it is in the society, giving rise to the main objective of the project, which is: the creation of an innovative material so that teachers can include in their daily practice the stuff chemistry student‟s kindergarten. This material is called "Discover science", it is a trunk where children will learn specific content of physics and chemistry. The methodology of this material through the scientific method for students five years ago, based on pedagogical principles, this method leaves a wide range of possibilities for meaningful learning of the students, since they are the protagonists of the teaching and learning process them and create their own learning. Respect other ages that includes children's stage, the material "Discover Science" would be used to introduce chemistry and try to relate it in a reality that surrounds all us

El lenguaje oral en los videojuegos: Análisis de la oralidad prefabricada en la saga de videojuegos Ace Attorney

Treball de Final de Grau en Traducció i Interpretació. Codi: TI0983. Curs acadèmic 2015-201

Limitaciones de los parámetros de las funciones de predación. Implicaciones para la iniciación de las proliferaciones de fitoplancton

Phytoplankton blooms are events of production and accumulation of phytoplankton biomass that influence ecosystem dynamics and may also have effects on socio-economic activities. Among the biological factors that affect bloom dynamics, prey selection by zooplankton may play an important role. Here we consider the initial state of development of an algal bloom and analyse how a reduced grazing pressure can allow an algal species with a lower intrinsic growth rate than a competitor to become dominant. We use a simple model with two microalgal species and one zooplankton grazer to derive general relationships between phytoplankton growth and zooplankton grazing. These relationships are applied to two common grazing response functions in order to deduce the mathematical constraints that the parameters of these functions must obey to allow the dominance of the lower growth rate competitor. To assess the usefulness of the deduced relationships in a more general framework, the results are applied in the context of a multispecies ecosystem model (ERSEM).Las proliferaciones de fitoplancton son eventos de producción y acumulación de biomasa de fitoplancton que tienen una fuerte influencia tanto en la dinámica del ecosistema como en actividades socioeconómicas. Entre los factores biológicos que afectan la dinámica de las proliferaciones fitoplanctónicas, la selección de presas por el zooplancton puede jugar un papel importante. En este trabajo consideramos el estado inicial de desarrollo de una proliferación algal considerando que la presión de la predación puede permitir a una especie de algas con una menor tasa de crecimiento intrínseco que un competidor, ser dominante. Utilizamos un modelo sencillo con dos especies de microalgas y un herbívoro (zooplancton) para deducir relaciones generales entre el crecimiento del fitoplancton y la predación. Estas relaciones se aplican a dos funciones de respuesta de predación para deducir las limitaciones matemáticas que los parámetros de estas funciones deben obedecer. Para evaluar la utilidad de las relaciones deducidas en un marco más general, los resultados se aplican a un modelo de múltiples especies del ecosistema marino (ERSEM)

Towards Cost-Effective Operational Monitoring Systems for Complex Waters: Analyzing Small-Scale Coastal Processes with Optical Transmissometry

21 pages, 13 figures, 1 table, data availability https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.863589The detection and prediction of changes in coastal ecosystems require a better understanding of the complex physical, chemical and biological interactions, which involves that observations should be performed continuously. For this reason, there is an increasing demand for small, simple and cost-effective in situ sensors to analyze complex coastal waters at a broad range of scales. In this context, this study seeks to explore the potential of beam attenuation spectra, c(λ), measured in situ with an advanced-technology optical transmissometer, for assessing temporal and spatial patterns in the complex estuarine waters of Alfacs Bay (NW Mediterranean) as a test site. In particular, the information contained in the spectral beam attenuation coefficient was assessed and linked with different biogeochemical variables. The attenuation at λ = 710 nm was used as a proxy for particle concentration, TSM, whereas a novel parameter was adopted as an optical indicator for chlorophyll a (Chla) concentration, based on the local maximum of c(λ) observed at the long-wavelength side of the red band Chl-a absorption peak. In addition, since coloured dissolved organic matter (CDOM) has an important influence on the beam attenuation spectral shape and complementary measurements of particle size distribution were available, the beam attenuation spectral slope was used to analyze the CDOM content. Results were successfully compared with optical and biogeochemical variables from laboratory analysis of collocated water samples, and statistically significant correlations were found between the attenuation proxies and the biogeochemical variables TSM, Chl-a and CDOM. This outcome depicted the potential of high-frequency beam attenuation measurements as a simple, continuous and cost-effective approach for rapid detection of changes and patterns in biogeochemical properties in complex coastal environmentsThis study was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MESTRAL project, CTM2011-30489-C02-01) and by Total Foundation (PHYTOSCOPE project). MR-P was supported by a PhD fellowship from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (grants: BES-2012-054205 and EEBB-I-2014-08231). RG-A was supported by a PhD fellowship from the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Level Personnel (CAPES-Brazil, grant 12362/12-3) in collaboration with the German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD)Peer Reviewe

Early clinical experience with volumetric modulated arc therapy in head and neck cancer patients

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>To report about early clinical experience in radiation treatment of head and neck cancer of different sites and histology by volumetric modulated arcs with the RapidArc technology.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>During 2009, 45 patients were treated at Istituto Clinico Humanitas with RapidArc (28 males and 17 females, median age 65 years). Of these, 78% received concomitant chemotherapy. Thirty-six patients were treated as exclusive curative intent (group A), three as postoperative curative intent (group B) and six with sinonasal tumours (group C). Dose prescription was at Planning Target Volumes (PTV) with simultaneous integrated boost: 54.45Gy and 69.96Gy in 33 fractions (group A); 54.45Gy and 66Gy in 33 fractions (group B) and 55Gy in 25 fractions (group C).</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Concerning planning optimization strategies and constraints, as per PTV coverage, for all groups, D_98%> 95% and V_95%> 99%. As regards organs at risk, all planning objectives were respected, and this was correlated with observed acute toxicity rates. Only 28% of patients experienced G3 mucositis, 14% G3 dermitis 44% had G2 dysphagia. Nobody required feeding tubes to be placed during treatment. Acute toxicity is also related to chemotherapy. Two patients interrupted the course of radiotherapy because of a quick worsening of general clinical condition.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>These preliminary results stated that volumetric modulated arc therapy in locally advanced head and neck cancers is feasible and effective, with acceptable toxicities.</p

Effectiveness of an integrated care program for intensive home care services after discharge of stroke patients

The continuity of care in hospital discharge is a cornerstone of patient-centred care, particularly after an acute episode with a high impact on patients’ autonomy. In the setting of stroke, a highly disabling disease, early delivery of post-discharge support services has been associated with better health outcomes. However, the lack of integration between social and health care services often delays the start of home care services in these patients, likely worsening health outcomes. In our area, a post-stroke intensive home care program (RHP) was launched to integrate social and health care services for improving the domiciliary care of stroke patients after hospital discharge

Catálogo de los áfidos (Hemiptera, Aphididae) de Chile, con plantas hospedadoras y distribuciones regional y provincial

Se han revisado críticamente las citas en Chile de especies y subespecies de áfidos (Aphididae) contenidas en 139 contribuciones científicas. Se añaden citas de numerosas especies a partir de especímenes de las colecciones del Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle (París, Francia), del Servicio Agrícola y Ganadero (SAG) (Santiago de Chile, Chile), del Natural History Museum (Londres, Reino Unido), de las universidades de León (España) y Talca (Chile) y de J. Ortego (Mendoza, Argentina). El catálogo afídico chileno queda formado por 169 especies y subespecies, quedando excluidas de él Aphis (Toxoptera) citricidus, Aphis medicaginis, Aphis rumicis, Dysaphis apiifolia petroselini, Lipaphis erysimi y Uroleucon aaroni. Se citan por primera vez en América del Sur Aphis rubicola, Brachycaudus amygdalinus e Illinoia pepperi. Se citan por primera vez en Chile Aphis forbesi, Aphis senecionicoides, Hyadaphis passerini, Hyperomyzus carduellinus, Illinoia azaleae, Neotoxoptera oliveri y Pentalonia nigronervosa. Se dan más de un centenar de primeras citas regionales o provinciales de especies. Se presenta por primera vez la relación de plantas hospedadoras de los pulgones citados en el país. Se comentan las composiciones de las afidofaunas regionales y provinciales. Se ofrece una valoración de los componentes alóctono y autóctono de la afidofauna chilena.Records of the aphid species and subspecies contained in 139 scientific contributions have been revised. New records of many species are presented from specimens conserved in the collections of Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle (Paris, France), the Servicio Agrícola y Ganadero (SAG) (Santiago, Chile), the Natural History Museum (London, U.K.), the universities of León (Spain) and Talca (Chile) and of J. Ortego (Mendoza, Argentina). The Chilean aphid-catalog is composed of 169 species and subspecies; Aphis (Toxoptera) citricidus, Aphis medicaginis, Aphis rumicis, Dysaphis apiifolia petroselini, Lipaphis erysimi and Uroleucon aaroni are excluded from the catalog. Aphis rubicola, Brachycaudus amygdalinus and Illinoia pepperi are first recorded from South America. Aphis forbesi, Aphis senecionicoides, Hyadaphis passerini, Hyperomyzus carduellinus, Illinoia azaleae, Neotoxoptera oliveri and Pentalonia nigronervosa are also recorded for first time from Chile. More a hundred new regional and provincial records are given. Host plant list of aphids recorded in Chile are presented for first time. The compositions of Chilean regional and provincial aphidfaunas are discussed. An evaluation of the allochthonous and autochthonous components of the Chilean aphidfauna is presented.Fil: Nieto Nafría, Juan Manuel. Universidad de León. Departamento de Biodiversidad y Gestión Ambiental, área de Zoología; EspañaFil: Fuentes-Contreras, Eduardo. Universidad de Talca. Centro de Ecología Molecular y Aplicaciones Evolutivas en Agroecosistemas – Núcleo Milenio; ChileFil: Castro Colmenero, Marta. Universidad de León. Departamento de Biodiversidad y Gestión Ambiental, área de Zoología; EspañaFil: Piera, Marta Aldea. Universidad de León. Departamento de Biodiversidad y Gestión Ambiental, área de Zoología; EspañaFil: Ortego, Jaime. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Mendoza; ArgentinaFil: Mier Durante, Milagros Pilar. Universidad de León. Departamento de Biodiversidad y Gestión Ambiental, área de Zoología; Españ