Web navigation for individuals with dyslexia: An exploratory study

In this paper, we present an exploratory study of the web navigation experiences of dyslexic users. Findings indicate that dyslexics exhibit distinctive web navigation behaviour and preferences. We believe that the outcomes of this study add to our understanding of the particular needs of this web user population and have implications for the design of effective navigation structures

General Average and Risk Management in Medieval and Early Modern Maritime Business

This is the final version. Available on open access from Palgrave Macmillan via the DOI in this recordThe chapter "Sharing Risks, on Averages and Why They Matter" by Maria Fusaro is available in ORE at http://hdl.handle.net/10871/132151This open access book explores the history of risk management in medieval and early modern European maritime business, focusing particularly on 'General Average' – a mechanism by which extraordinary expenses regarding ship or cargo, incurred during a voyage to save the venture, are shared between all participants to protect equity. This volume traces the history of this risk management tool from its origins in the pre-Roman Mediterranean through to its use in the shipping sector today. Contributions range from the Islamic Mediterranean to the Low Countries, and taken together, provide a wide-ranging analysis of social, cultural, and political aspects of pre-modern maritime commerce in Europe. The volume is divided into five parts. The first one—Why and How Risk is Shared—starts with Maria Fusaro’s introduction and analytical description of the concept of General Average [GA] at large, highlighting some of its peculiarities and importance regarding both its historical development and future policy. This is followed by essays by Ron Harris and Giovanni Ceccarelli that, from two different perspectives, contextualise GA’s importance within the development of medieval and early modern risk management tools and business strategies. The second part—Origins and Variants of Mutual Protection—traces the development of GA from Byzantium to Early Modern Italy. It starts with Daphne Penna detailing the complex transition of GA from Roman law to the Digest, the Byzantine collection known as the Rhodian SeaLaw and their transmission in the Basilica. The focus then shifts to Hassan Khalilieh’s discussion of how GA rules and practices evolved in the Islamic Mediterranean. This section ends with Andrea Addobbati’s analysis of how this complex genealogy was received in early modern Italy. The third part—The Iberian Experience—is dedicated to the multifaceted articulation of Averages within the Hispanic world. Ana María Rivera Medina argues for the medieval roots of maritime risk mutualisation in northern Spain, and the second essay—by Gijs Dreijer—analyses the transplantation of these usages in the Spanish Low Countries in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. The section concludes with Marta García Garralón discussing the peculiarities of GA as practiced within the Carrera de Indias. The next part—The Genoese Experience—focuses on the extremely rich documentary evidence regarding GA in Genoa. It starts with Antonio Iodice’s discussion of local early modern normative developments. Then—in the essay by Luisa Piccinno—the focus shifts to the importance of GA data for the analysis of maritime trade passing through the port of Genoa. Andrea Zanini completes this section discussing the intersection between financing the maritime sector and risk-sharing strategies in the eighteenth century. The fifth and last part—Mature Systems—presents three cases in which GA was used as a tool of political economy by states with a strong maritime sector. Jake Dyble analyses the free port of Livorno, Sabine Go discusses developments in Amsterdam, and Lewis Wade the effects of the Ordonnance de la Marine in the French case.European Union Horizon 202

Residue depletion and histopathological alterations in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) after oral administration of oxytetracycline

Aquaculture is a key component of the animal food industry, but intensive farming conditions increase the incidence of infectious diseases. Oxytetracycline (OTC) plays a major role for infectious diseases in fishes. Its MRLs include their 4-epimers, so in this trial, the depletion of residues of OTC and 4-epioxytetracycline in muscle and liver have been evaluated in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) after oral administration. Hepatotoxicity has been investigated with histopathological effects on target tissues. A validated DAD-HPLC with SPE extraction has been applied. Residual levels in muscle and liver depleted with a similar kel, but mean retention time and t½ß resulted longer in muscle than in liver because of different vascularization. The OTC concentrations were below the LMR at 48 h after dosing. No analytical peaks ascribable to 4-epi-OTC or other derivatives were detected, while histopathology of liver showed degenerated parenchymal hepatocytes, nuclear pyknosis, focal necrosis and inflammatory leucocytes infiltration. It can be concluded that the assessment of pharmacokinetic and residual depletion of antibiotics result fundamental to determine the most suitable therapeutic regime and to minimize the toxic effects in fish species

Versatile OSCAT time-domain THz spectrometer

: We report on a compact and versatile time-domain spectrometer operating in the THz spectral region from 0.2 to 2.5 THz based on ultrafast Yb:CALGO laser and photo-conductive antennas. The spectrometer operates with the optical sampling by cavity tuning (OSCAT) method based on laser repetition rate tuning, which allows at the same time the implementation of a delay-time modulation scheme. The whole characterization of the instrument is presented and compared to the classical THz time-domain spectroscopy implementation. THz spectroscopic measurements on a 520-μm thick GaAs wafer substrate together with water vapor absorption measurements are also reported to further validate the instrument capabilities

Human kallikrein gene 5 (KLK5) expression is an indicator of poor prognosis in ovarian cancer

Kallikrein gene 5 (KLK5, also known as KLK-L2), located on chromosome 19q13.4, is one of the newly identified members of the kallikrein gene family, which is a subgroup of the serine protease enzyme family. In normal human tissues, KLK5 is highly expressed in skin, mammary gland and testis. Preliminary RT-PCR analysis has indicated that KLK5 is expressed in a subset of ovarian tumours. We have thus hypothesized that KLK5 may be a new prognostic indicator in ovarian cancer. We have examined the mRNA expression of KLK5 in 142 malignant ovarian tissues. Tumours were pulverized, total RNA was extracted, and cDNA was prepared by reverse transcription. KLK5 was amplified by PCR using gene specific primers, and the identity of the PCR product was verified by sequencing. Ovarian tissues were then classified as KLK5 positive or negative, based on ethidium bromide staining of the PCR product on agarose gels. KLK5 was found to be highly expressed in 58/142 (41%) of ovarian cancer samples while its level of expression was very low in normal ovarian tissues. We found a strong positive relation between KLK5 expression and tumour grade (P = 0.006) and disease stage (P = 0.027). Univariate survival analysis revealed that patients with ovarian tumours positive for KLK5 expression had an increased risk for relapse and death (P = 0.018 and 0.022, respectively). In multivariate analysis, KLK5 expression showed independent prognostic value only in the subset of tumours with lower grade disease (grades I and II). We conclude that KLK5 expression is associated with more aggressive forms of epithelial ovarian carcinoma and has indepdent prognostic value in low grade tumours. © 2001 Cancer Research Campaign http://www.bjcancer.co