Extraction of bioactive compounds from Curcuma longa L. using deep eutectic solvents: in vitro and in vivo biological activities

In this work, deep eutectic solvents (DES-based menthol and cholinium chloride) and the ethanol, temperature, and times were selected to extract bioactive compounds from the rhizome, leaves, and flowers Curcuma longa L., using ultrasound-assisted extraction. Analyzes antioxidant, flavonoids, antimicrobial, chelation Fe2+, inhibition of the cholinesterase's enzymes, cytotoxicity, and genotoxicity in Allium cepa cells were performed. The extracts showed results of iron chelation and antibacterial. Curcuma flowers and leaves' extracts inhibited food spoilage bacteria with values above 45%, with substantial iron-chelating activity above 50%. Extracts obtained by DES based on menthol and lactic acid exhibited a high percentage of inhibition of acetyl and butyryl cholinesterase. In contrast, flower extracts obtained by menthol and acetic acid showed low inhibition of cholinesterase enzyme activity. No extract showed cytotoxicity and genotoxicity. Biological activities showed a high potential for the application of these extracts in the food and pharmaceutical industries.This study was financed by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - Brasil (CAPES) – Finance Code 001. The authors thank both CAPES for the financial support, the Federal University of Paraná (UFPR) and the Federal University of Technology - Paraná (UTFPR), Labmulti-CM (UTFPR) for the technical support provided. M. R. Mafra and L. Igarashi-Mafra are grateful to the Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq - Grant 310182/2018-2 and 308517/2018-0, respectively).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

"É tão difícil alguém vestir nossos chinelinhos": relatos de mães de crianças com TEA

Involving families of children with disabilities in treatment is a change that began in the 1960s, which has become more and more consolidated. Fathers and mothers of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) are part of this group that may benefit from such measures. The objective of this research is to identify strengths and weaknesses of the parental role from the mothers’ report. Data collection was carried out through the application of the Brazilian Family Interaction Quality Program - a special interaction program that included ten participants, allmothers of children with ASD. The meetings were recorded and the audios analyzed for semantic similarities of the mothers’ speeches. Three central themes were identified: being the mother of a child with autism, my autistic child and support networks. The characteristics of ASD have an impact on the role of the mother and on the options of inadequate parental educational practices. Limitations and suggestions for future studies are discussed.Envolver famílias de crianças com deficiência no tratamento é uma mudança iniciada na década de 60 que se consolida cada vez mais. Pais e mães de crianças com Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA) fazem parte deste grupo que pode se beneficiar de tais intervenções. O objetivo desta pesquisa é identificar potencialidades e fragilidades da função parental a partir do relato de mães. A coleta de dados foi realizada com a aplicação do Programa de Qualidade na Interação Familiar – Especial que contou com dez participantes, todas mães de crianças com diagnóstico de TEA. Os encontros foram gravados e os áudios analisados a partir de semelhanças semânticas das falas das mães. Foram elencados três eixos temáticos: ser mãe de uma criança com autismo, meu filho autista e redes de apoio. As características do TEA repercutem em sobrecarga na função materna e na opção por práticas educativas parentais inadequadas. Limitações e sugestões para estudos futuros são discutidas

Two-way communication with neural networks in vivo using focused light

Neuronal networks process information in a distributed, spatially heterogeneous manner that transcends the layout of electrodes. In contrast, directed and steerable light offers the potential to engage specific cells on demand. We present a unified framework for adapting microscopes to use light for simultaneous in vivo stimulation and recording of cells at fine spatiotemporal resolutions. We use straightforward optics to lock onto networks in vivo, to steer light to activate circuit elements and to simultaneously record from other cells. We then actualize this 'free' augmentation on both an 'open' two-photon microscope and a leading commercial one. By following this protocol, setup of the system takes a few days, and the result is a noninvasive interface to brain dynamics based on directed light, at a network resolution that was not previously possible and which will further improve with the rapid advance in development of optical reporters and effectors. This protocol is for physiologists who are competent with computers and wish to extend hardware and software to interface more fluidly with neuronal networks.National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (Postdoctoral Fellowship)Simons Foundation (Postdoctoral Fellowship)National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (Predoctoral Fellowship)National Institutes of Health (U.S.)Simons Foundatio

Antibiothérapie des pneumopathies hospitalisées après passage aux urgences (analyse rétrospective sur 11 ans)

Objectif : Déterminer l'évolution entre 2002 et 2012 des céphalosporines de 3ème génération dans les pneumopathies hospitalisées en services de médecine après passage aux urgences et analyser les autres classes d'antibiotiques dans cette pathologie de l'ambulatoire aux urgences. Matériels et méthodes : Série rétrospective monocentrique de patients hospitalisés pour pneumopathie après administration d'antibiotiques aux urgences adultes sur onze années consécutives. L'analyse de l'évolution a été faite en fonction du pourcentage de patients traités par céphalosporines de 3ème génération puis une régression logistique a été réalisée pour rendre indépendantes les années en fonction de facteurs de risques identifiés. L'analyse des autres antibiotiques a été réalisée en fonction du pourcentage de patients traités pour chacune des classes. Résultats : Sept cents trente-deux patients ont été inclus. L'âge médian est de 78 ans. Les scores de FINE et REAICU médians sont de 4 et 4. La mortalité est de 9,7%. 124 patients (16,8%) avaient reçu une antibiothérapie ambulatoire préalable à l'admission aux urgences dont 31,5% était représentée par l'association amoxicilline-acide clavulanique. La prescription de C3G augmente entre le début (13,9%) et la fin de l'étude (29,5%), indépendamment (p < 0,05) des facteurs de risque de prescription (Score REAICU élevé, Remplissage vasculaire, Immunodépression ou antibiothérapie dans les 3 mois précédents). Dans le même temps les prescriptions d'amoxicilline-acide clavulanique sont passées de 70,8% en début d'étude à 57,4% en fin d'étude. Conclusion : Notre étude met en évidence une forte augmentation de la prescription de C3G, classe à fort potentiel d'émergence de bactéries résistantes, dans les PAC sur 11 années. De l'ambulatoire à l'hôpital, l'utilisation raisonnée des antibiotiques est un devoir au niveau individuel et collectif si nous ne voulons pas qu'ils deviennent des médicaments inefficaces et obsolètesNANTES-BU Médecine pharmacie (441092101) / SudocSudocFranceF

Eurêkatrice, un jeu sur les femmes inventrices

On peut encore, au 21e siècle, lorsqu’on regarde la répartition des activités professionnelles et privées des femmes et hommes dans notre société se poser la question : Y a-t-il des activités genrées ? Les sciences et technologies seraient-elles masculines ? Pourquoi y a-t-il si peu de jeunes femmes qui font des études dites STEM (science, technologies, engineering, mathematics) ? Afin d’initier un changement dans les mentalités,. Le but de ce jeu de cartes est de faire deviner ces inventions par le dessin ou le mime. Il a été créé par Gabrielle REGULA (enseignante-chercheuse et lauréate du prix Diderot-Curien 2018) et Caroline PERON (SCD AMU), illustré par Karine MARIANI et a bénéficié d'un financement de la SATT Sud-Est

Les compléments nutritionnels à visée cosmétologique

CLERMONT FD-BCIU-Santé (631132104) / SudocPARIS-BIUP (751062107) / SudocLYON1-BU Santé (693882101) / SudocSudocFranceF

Fluorescent secreted bacterial effectors reveal active intravacuolar proliferation of Listeria monocytogenes in epithelial cells

International audienceReal-time imaging of bacterial virulence factor dynamics is hampered by the limited number of fluorescent tools suitable for tagging secreted effectors. Here, we demonstrated that the fluorogenic reporter FAST could be used to tag secreted proteins, and we implemented it to monitor infection dynamics in epithelial cells exposed to the human pathogen Listeria monocytogenes (Lm). By tracking individual FAST-labelled vacuoles after Lm internalisation into cells, we unveiled the heterogeneity of residence time inside entry vacuoles. Although half of the bacterial population escaped within 13 minutes after entry, 12% of bacteria remained entrapped over an hour inside long term vacuoles, and sometimes much longer, regardless of the secretion of the pore-forming toxin listeriolysin O (LLO). We imaged LLO-FAST in these long-term vacuoles, and showed that LLO enabled Lm to proliferate inside these compartments, reminiscent of what had been previously observed for Spacious Listeria-containing phagosomes (SLAPs). Unexpectedly, inside epithelial SLAP-like vacuoles (eSLAPs), Lm proliferated as fast as in the host cytosol. eSLAPs thus constitute an alternative replication niche in epithelial cells that might promote the colonization of host tissues

Listeriolysin O promotes the intravacuolar growth of Listeria monocytogenes in epithelial cells

Upon entry into host cells, Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) was described to escape rapidly from internalisation vacuoles and proliferate only after gaining access to the cytosol. Vacuole escape depends upon three secreted virulence factors: the pore-forming toxin listeriolysin O (LLO) and two phospholipases. To quantify the dynamics of vacuolar escape, we used FAST fluorescent tags to monitor bacterial secretion into enclosed compartments. By tracking fluorescently-labelled vacuoles, we quantified the heterogeneity of 20 Lm residence time in primary vacuoles formed in epithelial LoVo cells. Although half of the bacterial population escaped from vacuoles within 13 minutes after internalisation, a fraction of it remained entrapped several hours in Long Residence Vacuoles (LRV), for both wild type and LLO-deficient strains. Unexpectedly, Lm replicated inside LRVs at a rate similar to that in the cytosol. LRVs were decorated with LLO-FAST and LLO was necessary for bacterial proliferation in these compartments, suggesting that 25 permeation of vacuolar membranes sustained growth. LRVs displayed similarities with the spacious Listeria-containing phagosomes described in macrophages, and could constitute an alternative replication niche for Lm in epithelial cells

Validation of a microbead-based format for spoligotyping of Legionella pneumophila

International audienceA 42-plex clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)-based typing technique (spoligotyping) was recently developed at the French National Reference Center for Legionella. It allows the subtyping of the Legionella pneumophila sequence type 1/Paris pulsotype. In this report, we present the transfer of the membrane-based spoligotyping technique to a microbead-based multiplexed format. This microbead-based high-throughput assay uses devices such as Luminex 200 or the recently launched Magpix system (Luminex Corp., Austin, TX). We designated this new technique LP-SPOL (for L. pneumophila spoligotyping). We used two sets of samples previously subtyped by the membrane-based spoligotyping method to set up and validate the transfer on the two microbead-based systems. The first set of isolates (n = 56) represented the whole diversity of the CRISPR patterns known to date. These isolates were used for transfer setup (determination of spacer cutoffs for both devices). The second set of isolates (n = 245) was used to validate the transfer to the two microbead-based systems. The results obtained by the Luminex 200 system were 100% concordant with those obtained by the Magpix system for the 2 sets of isolates. In total, 10 discrepant results were observed when comparing the membrane-based method to the microbead-based method. These discrepancies were further resolved by repeating either the membrane-based or the microbead-based assay. This new assay is expected to play an emerging role for surveillance of L. pneumophila, starting with one of the most frequent genotypes, the sequence type 1/Paris pulsotype. However, the generalization of this typing method to all L. pneumophila strains is not feasible, since not all L. pneumophila strains contain CRISPRs