自我保護與 另類 實踐 : 雙向運動 視野下的中國鄉村建設

本論文希望把中國鄉村建設運動放置在更為複雜與動態的脈絡下，嘗試以一種有別于“成王敗寇”邏輯的敍述與視野，通過參與者獨特的視角，結合起微觀與宏觀層面，將具體實踐扣聯（articulate）到近代中國轉型的“百年激進”、“百年鄉村破壞”、“百年鄉建”這一主線中。以理解鄉村建設的生命力、深層意義與內在困境，並在此基礎上對已有各種“類型化”評價認識、“刻板化”參照座標及背後的“意義系統”進行梳理與反思。 為更好實現以上目的，筆者借助卡爾•波蘭尼“雙向運動”視野，但努力避免因生搬硬套而“削足適履”式的尋找或對應本土及“三農”領域的“雙向運動”，而是更多借鑒其“視野”上的啟示。希望通過該“視野”的幫助，讓筆者可以更好的探討那些被遮蔽與忽略的面向，進而解決困擾筆者的理論思考與現實實踐問題。同時，本論文結合了歷史與當代鄉村建設的各組案例，實踐所蘊含的複雜性與豐富性也希望可以推進筆者對“雙向運動”發生及運作機制所展開的討論。 正如標題所示，本論文希望從“自我保護”和“另類實踐”結合起來的角度重新理解鄉村建設的定位與特點及其與“主流”社會的複雜關係及互動。它們既是鄉村建設的主要意義，同時也決定其將一直面對著各種困境與矛盾張力。 本論文借鑒文化研究的思想資源及其對脈絡與扣聯的強調，希望以此打破“研究者-行動者”、“理論-實踐”的習慣性分割。同時希望能跳出一般分析所隱含“樂觀-悲觀”、“積極-消極”的二元框架，也挑戰將鄉村建設納入“效果論”、“好人好事說”和“效果論”這三種常見的類型化處理。故本文儘量避免事實羅列、簡單代言與一般辯護，而是呼應以個人參與鄉村建設的生命史，反觀其中的興奮、困惑、不甘、無奈等複雜情感與認識，除以此帶出對所存在社會基礎與宏觀環境的討論外，希望再次說明鄉村建設的動力與張力

The causal association between smoking initiation, alcohol and coffee consumption, and women’s reproductive health: A two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis

Objective: A number of epidemiological studies have demonstrated that smoking initiation and alcohol and coffee consumption were closely related to women’s reproductive health. However, there was still insufficient evidence supporting their direct causality effect.Methods: We utilized two-sample Mendelian randomization (TSMR) analysis with summary datasets from genome-wide association study (GWAS) to investigate the causal relationship between smoking initiation, alcohol and coffee consumption, and women’s reproductive health-related traits. Exposure genetic instruments were used as variants significantly related to traits. The inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method was used as the main analysis approach, and we also performed MR-PRESSO, MR-Egger, weighted median, and weighted mode to supplement the sensitivity test. Then, the horizontal pleiotropy was detected by using MRE intercept and MR-PRESSO methods, and the heterogeneity was assessed using Cochran’s Q statistics.Results: We found evidence that smoking women showed a significant inverse causal association with the sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) levels (corrected β = −0.033, p = 9.05E-06) and age at menopause (corrected β = −0.477, p = 6.60E-09) and a potential positive correlation with the total testosterone (TT) levels (corrected β = 0.033, p = 1.01E-02). In addition, there was suggestive evidence for the alcohol drinking effect on the elevated TT levels (corrected β = 0.117, p = 5.93E-03) and earlier age at menopause (corrected β = −0.502, p = 4.14E-02) among women, while coffee consumption might decrease the female SHBG levels (corrected β = −0.034, p = 1.33E-03).Conclusion: Our findings suggested that smoking in women significantly decreased their SHBG concentration, promoted earlier menopause, and possibly reduced the TT levels. Alcohol drinking had a potential effect on female higher TT levels and earlier menopause, while coffee consumption might lead to lower female SHBG levels

当代乡村建设的实践与反思

跳出生态看生态——以中国当代乡村建设实践为例 (潘家恩) 日益“时尚化”的生态议题绝不是少数人制造出来的末日预言，它是真实发生在我们身边的普遍现实，同时也是当代乡村建设的重要工作内容与面向，更是乡村建设结合其它工作进行深入思考的独特角度。所以，乡村建设必须直接回应生态与可持续议题，但需要结合以更广阔的整体视野。本文结合笔者所参与的三组当代乡村建设实际案例展开分析，希望将其放回具体和历史的脉络中，结合以经济、文化、政治等多种面向，尝试指出：生态有问题，不只是生态问题！乡村生态的改善之道自然不可就事论事。 As opposed to being an apocalyptic prophecy advocated by a small group of people, the increasingly “fashionable” ecological issues are not only popular realities happening in our daily life, but also important tasks and aspects of Contemporary Rural Reconstruction and a unique perspective for reflection in amalgamating discussions in Rural Reconstruction with other related tasks and disciplines. Therefore Rural Reconstruction must respond directly to the issues of Ecology and Sustainability but in doing so, requires the incorporation of a broader and more integrative and holistic vision. This paper analyses three of the case studies of Contemporary Rural Reconstruction that the author had taken part in, in order to situate them in their broader concrete historical context together with diversified perspectives—economic, cultural and political for instance, in the attempt to point out: Problems found with Ecological matters are more than just “ecological problems”! Discussions in relation to Rural-ecological Improvement cannot be limited to the problems of its own. 新乡村建设 (严晓辉) 新世纪之初，伴随随着中国工业的扩张和现代化进程的加速，农村生产要素逐渐外流，以传统农耕生活建构起来的乡村文明逐渐衰败，“三农问题”日益凸显。 自绿色革命以来的，以破坏环境，浪费资源为代价的农业生产方式在全球推广，农产品也逐渐被纳入全球化贸易体系当中，并且按照单一产量和一般劳动生产率计算农产品的生产成本，小农户生存艰难，渐渐脱离土地；于此同时，工业产品进入农村，传统手工业同样因为效率低下和成本过高而逐渐衰落。因从土地和手工作坊里“解放”出来的大量农村劳动力进入城市，加速推动城市化的发展，造成“城市包围农村”的恶性循环，也造成了就业、养老和社会保障等新问题。 为了走出现代化的发展逻辑，开掘中国传统的乡村文明，以新乡村建设为目标的新世纪年轻人掀起了又一轮“上山下乡”运动。 At the dawn of the new century, as the industry expands and the process of modernization accelerates in China, the essential ingredients in village production gradually outflow. This phenomenon has resulted in the destruction of traditional agricultural life, which is fundamental to rural civilization. With the decline of rural civilization, increasing attention has been aroused to the Three Rural Issues. Since the Green Revolution, the mode of agricultural production satisfying the natural environment and resources has been promoted all over the world. Agricultural products started to be included in the globalized trading system, which imposes its own formula of production costs (which assumes mass production of a single product) based on general labor productivity. Compelled by the difficult environment for survival, more farmers with small land-holding have been severed from their land. At the same time, mass-manufactured goods besieged rural villages, ousting the traditional hand-crafted goods which were no match of such products in terms of efficiency of production and production costs. The labour which was “liberated” from their land and handicraft workshops moved into cities, speeding up urbanization, which results in the vicious cycle of “city surrounded by village” with new problems of employment, social security and sustenance of the elderly. To find a way out of modernization’s rules of operation and rediscover traditional rural civilization, the young people of this century has started another round of “up the mountains, down the countryside” movement with the goal of building the “new” village

性別與女性 = Gender and women

主持: 陳順馨博士 論文簡報 (1) 另類資源與視角 : 女性主義對鄉村建設運動的啟示 – 潘家恩 (2) 現代女扮男裝 – 曾劍華 (3) 商場作為女性的日常生活空間 – 李庭豐 評論 陳錦華博士(香港理工大學應用社會科學系

Loving home village project : collective production of village songs

Moderator: LI Cuihuan (Green Ground Eco-Tech Centre (Beijing), China Speakers: SUN Heng (Loving Home-Village Songs Project, Beijing, China) LÜ Li (Mukai Nur Township, Otog Banner, Ordos City, Inner Mongolia, China) PAN Guojian (No.4 High School, Pingnan County, Fujian Province, China) SHAO Qiulu (Postgraduate, Ningxia University, China) GUO Lingyan (Southwest University, China) FU Haihong (Chongqing Technology and Business University, China) PAN Jiaen (Southwest University, China) BU Wei (Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, China