Flow Equations for Non-BPS Extremal Black Holes

We exploit some common features of black hole and domain wall solutions of (super)gravity theories coupled to scalar fields and construct a class of stable extremal black holes that are non-BPS, but still can be described by first-order differential equations. These are driven by a "superpotential'', which replaces the central charge Z in the usual black hole potential. We provide a general procedure for finding this class and deriving the associated "superpotential''. We also identify some other cases which do not belong to this class, but show a similar behaviour.Comment: LaTeX, 21 pages, 2 figures. v2: reference added, JHEP versio

Placenta percreta following first trimester miscarriage

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/135586/1/ijgo140.pd

Scale-invariant moving finite elements for nonlinear partial differential equations in two dimensions

A scale-invariant moving finite element method is proposed for the adaptive solution of nonlinear partial differential equations. The mesh movement is based on a finite element discretisation of a scale-invariant conservation principle incorporating a monitor function, while the time discretisation of the resulting system of ordinary differential equations is carried out using a scale-invariant time-stepping which yields uniform local accuracy in time. The accuracy and reliability of the algorithm are successfully tested against exact self-similar solutions where available, and otherwise against a state-of-the-art h-refinement scheme for solutions of a two-dimensional porous medium equation problem with a moving boundary. The monitor functions used are the dependent variable and a monitor related to the surface area of the solution manifold

Efeitos da suplementação de alto nível de cobre e de biotina na dieta de suínos de 8 a 20 kg

Two trials were carried out to investigate the need for supplemental biotin in the diet of weanling pigs when high dietary copper is used as growth promoter. Wheat - soybean meal based feeds, containing marginal levels of biotin (.10 ppm) were supplemented or not with .4 ppm biotin (BIO) and 250 ppm copper (COP). The diets were fed to 168 piglets weaned at 4 weeks of age with an average weight of 7.8 kg. The trials were conducted for 5 weeks. In trial 1 there was a BIO x COP interaction (P ; .05). The combination of supplemental BIO and COP did not result in further improvement in performance compared to the individual supplementation.Dois experimentos foram conduzidos para investigar a necessidade de suplementação de biotina na dieta de leitões recém desmamados quando o cobre é utilizado como promotor de crescimento. Rações com níveis marginais de biotina (0,10 ppm), formuladas à base de trigo e farelo de soja, foram suplementadas ou não com 0,4 ppm de biotina (BIO) e 250 ppm de cobre (COB) e fornecidas a 168 leitões desmamados com 4 semanas de idade e peso médio de 7,8 kg. Os experimentos tiveram duração de 5 semanas. No experimento 1 houve uma interação BIO x COB (P < 0,05) no ganho de peso dos leitões, com BIO promovendo uma melhora de 10% na ausência de COB, mas não na presença de COB; COB resultou em um aumento de 16% no ganho de peso na ausência de BIO, mas não em sua presença . Também houve uma melhora de 7% na conversão alimentar dos leitões que receberam COB (P; 0,05). A suplementação conjunta de COB e BIO não melhorou o desempenho dos animais, em relação a sua suplementação individual

Efeitos da suplementação independente de sódio e cloro na dieta de suínos na fase inicial

This study was conducted to assess the effects of different dietary levels of sodium (Na) and chlorine (Cl) on performance and blood electrolyte concentration of starter pigs. The treatments consisted of diets based on corn and soybean meal containing 0.12 or 0.18% Na and 0.04; 0.12 or 0.20% Cl in a factorial arrangement. Six weaning pigs were housed in each of 12 pens in a complete randomized block design with 2 replicates per treatment. The average initial weight was 7.5 kg and the trial was conducted for 4 weeks. Sodium bicarbonate and ammonium chloride were the sources of Na and Cl, respectively. Plasma determinations of Na, Cl, Ca and P were performed at the end of the trial. Sodium did not affect performance of the piglets (P >;.10). The lower Cl level (.04% Cl) resulted in less weight gain and feed efficiency (P ; 0,10) dos animais. As dietas não suplementadas com Cl (0,04% Cl) resultaram em ganho de peso e conversão alimentar inferiores (P ; 0,10). O nível mais baixo de Cl resultou em menor concentração plasmática de Cl e P (P < 0,01), não afetando Ca e Na no plasma. As diferentes combinações de 0,12 ou 0,18% Na com 0,12 ou 0,20% Cl na dieta resultaram em desempenho adequado dos leitões

An optimal finite element mesh for elastostatic structural analysis problems

This paper investigates the adaptive solution of a class of elastic structural analysis problems through re-positioning of the finite element nodal points (r-refinement) using an approach known as the moving finite element method. Initially this adaptive method is derived for the elasticity problems of interest and it is then proved that, under certain conditions, the algorithm can yield optimal piecewise linear solutions on optimal simplicial finite element meshes. The equations of linear elasticity are then used to illustrate both the method itself and the optimality result that is derived. Finally, a number of numerical calculations are made to provide verification of the theoretical results

The Effectiveness of Maintenance Pharmacotherapies for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

Although current recommendations for the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) include a maximum of six cycles of platinum-based combination therapy as a first-line approach, most patients experience progression within 3–4 months. Therefore, a new treatment strategy, maintenance therapy, has been proposed, and several large randomized prospective controlled trials have shown benefits with maintenance therapy. Maintenance therapy can be classified as either continuation maintenance, which is defined as a prolongation of a part of the first-line chemotherapy or molecularly targeted agent until progression, or switch-maintenance, which is defined as the administration of a different cytotoxic chemotherapy or molecularly targeted agent immediately after induction therapy. In this article, recent results from large randomized phase III trials regarding maintenance therapy are reviewed in order to evaluate the role of maintenance therapy in NSCLC

Palynology of the glacial sediments associated with the End Ordovician Southern Polar ice sheet

editorial reviewe

A comparison of aerosol chemical and optical properties from the 1st and 2nd Aerosol Characterization Experiments

Shipboard measurements of aerosol chemical composition and optical properties were made during both ACE-1 and ACE-2. ACE-1 focused on remote marine aerosol minimally perturbed by continental sources. ACE-2 studied the outflow of European aerosol into the NE Atlantic atmosphere. A variety of air masses were sampled during ACE-2 including Atlantic, polar, Iberian Peninsula, Mediterranean, and Western European. Reported here are mass size distributions of non-sea salt (nss) sulfate, sea salt, and methanesulfonate and submicron and supermicron concentrations of black and organic carbon. Optical parameters include submicron and supermicron aerosol scattering and backscattering coefficients at 550 nm, the absorption coefficient at 550±20 nm, the Ångström exponent for the 550 and 700 nm wavelength pair, and single scattering albedo at 550 nm. All data are reported at the measurement relative humidity of 55%. Measured concentrations of nss sulfate aerosol indicate that, relative to ACE-1, ACE-2 aerosol during both marine and continental flow was impacted by continental sources. Thus, while sea salt controlled the aerosol chemical composition and optical properties of both the submicron and supermicron aerosol during ACE-1, it played a relatively smaller role in ACE-2. This is confirmed by the larger average Ångström exponent for ACE-2 continental aerosol of 1.2±0.26 compared to the ACE-1 average of -0.03±0.38. The depletion of chloride from sea salt aerosol in ACE-2 continental air masses averaged 55±25% over all particle sizes. This compares to the ACE-2 marine average of 4.8±18% and indicates the enhanced interaction of anthropogenic acids with sea salt as continental air masses are transported into the marine atmosphere. Single scattering albedos averaged 0.95±0.03 for ACE-2 continental air masses. Averages for ACE-2 and ACE-1 marine air masses were 0.98±0.01 and 0.99±0.01, respectively

A moving mesh finite element algorithm for the adaptive solution of time-dependent partial differential equations with moving boundaries

A moving mesh finite element algorithm is proposed for the adaptive solution of nonlinear diffusion equations with moving boundaries in one and two dimensions. The moving mesh equations are based upon conserving a local proportion, within each patch of finite elements, of the total “mass” that is present in the projected initial data. The accuracy of the algorithm is carefully assessed through quantitative comparison with known similarity solutions, and its robustness is tested on more general problems. Applications are shown to a variety of problems involving time-dependent partial differential equations with moving boundaries. Problems which conserve mass, such as the porous medium equation and a fourth order nonlinear diffusion problem, can be treated by a simplified form of the method, while problems which do not conserve mass require the full theory