Land-use change simulation and assessment of driving factors in the loess hilly region - a case study as Pengyang County

The main objective of this study is to evaluate the land-use change and its relationship with its driving factors in the loess hilly region. In this study, a case study was carried out in Pengyang County. We set two land-use demand scenarios (a baseline scenario (scenario 1) and a real land-use requirement scenario (scenario 2)) during year 2001-2005 via assuming the effect of driving factors on land-use change keeps stable from 1993 to 2005. Two simulated land-use patterns of 2005 are therefore achieved accordingly by use of the conversion of land use and its effects model at small regional extent. Kappa analyses are conducted to compare each simulated land-use pattern with the reality. Results show that (1) the associated kappa values were decreased from 0.83 in 1993-2000 to 0.27 (in scenario 1) and 0.23 (in scenario 2) in 2001-2005 and (2) forest and grassland were the land-use types with highest commission errors, which implies that conversion of both the land-use types mentioned above is the main determinant of change of kappa values. Our study indicates the land-use change was driven by the synthetic multiply factors including natural and social-economic factors (e.g., slope, aspect, elevation, distance to road, soil types, and population dense) in 1993-2000 until "Grain for Green Project" was implemented and has become the dominant factor in 2001-2005

Flavor Symmetry for Quarks and Leptons

Present data on neutrino masses and mixing favor the highly symmetric tribimaximal neutrino mixing matrix which suggests an underlying flavor symmetry. A systematic study of non-abelian finite groups of order $g \leq 31$ reveals that tribimaximal mixing can be derived not only from the well known tetrahedral flavor symmetry $T \equiv A_4$, but also by using the binary tetrahedral symmetry $T^{'} \equiv SL_2(F_3)$ which does not contain the tetrahedral group as a subgroup. $T^{'}$ has the further advantage that it can also neatly accommodate the quark masses including a heavy top quark.Comment: 12 pages latex. More typos correcte

Non-vanishing boundary effects and quasi-first order phase transitions in high dimensional Ising models

In order to gain a better understanding of the Ising model in higher dimensions we have made a comparative study of how the boundary, open versus cyclic, of a d-dimensional simple lattice, for d=1,...,5, affects the behaviour of the specific heat C and its microcanonical relative, the entropy derivative -dS/dU. In dimensions 4 and 5 the boundary has a strong effect on the critical region of the model and for cyclic boundaries in dimension 5 we find that the model displays a quasi first order phase transition with a bimodal energy distribution. The latent heat decreases with increasing systems size but for all system sizes used in earlier papers the effect is clearly visible once a wide enough range of values for K is considered. Relations to recent rigorous results for high dimensional percolation and previous debates on simulation of Ising models and gauge fields are discussed.Comment: 12 pages, 27 figure

Transonic Shocks In Multidimensional Divergent Nozzles

We establish existence, uniqueness and stability of transonic shocks for steady compressible non-isentropic potential flow system in a multidimensional divergent nozzle with an arbitrary smooth cross-section, for a prescribed exit pressure. The proof is based on solving a free boundary problem for a system of partial differential equations consisting of an elliptic equation and a transport equation. In the process, we obtain unique solvability for a class of transport equations with velocity fields of weak regularity(non-Lipschitz), an infinite dimensional weak implicit mapping theorem which does not require continuous Frechet differentiability, and regularity theory for a class of elliptic partial differential equations with discontinuous oblique boundary conditions.Comment: 54 page

Fast Zonal Field Dynamo in Collisionless Kinetic Alfven Wave Turbulence

The possibility of fast dynamo action by collisionless kinetic Alfven Wave turbulence is demonstrated. The irreversibility necessary to lock in the generated field is provided by electron Landau damping, so the induced electric field does not vanish with resistivity. Mechanisms for self-regulation of the system and the relation of these results to the theory of alpha quenching are discussed. The dynamo-generated fields have symmetry like to that of zonal flows, and thus are termed zonal fields

Pointwise Convergence of Double Trigonometric Series

AbstractThe pointwise convergence problem of the rectangular partial sums of a certain type of double trigonometric series is considered, This type of series obeys certain conditions on the finite-order differences of its coefficients. We prove that if the Césaro sums of the double series converge unrestrictedly, then so do its partial sums, It is pointed out that the converse of the last statement may not hold for the same kind of double trigonometric series. As a corollary, it is shown that the double Fourier series of the mentioned type converges unrestrictedly almost everywhere. Generalizations of the above results to the restricted case are also established. These results generalize the theorems of Chen

Electromagnetic proton form factors in large NcN_{c} QCD

The electromagnetic form factors of the proton are obtained using a particular realization of QCD in the large $N_c$ limit (${QCD}_{\infty}$), which sums up the infinite number of zero-width resonances to yield an Euler's Beta function (Dual-${QCD}_{\infty}$). The form factors $F_1(q^2)$ and $F_2(q^2)$, as well as $G_M(q^2)$ agree very well with reanalyzed space-like data in the whole range of momentum transfer. In addition, the predicted ratio $\mu_p G_E/G_M$ is in good agreement with recent polarization transfer measurements at Jefferson Lab.Comment: 10 page

Factors affecting In vitro methane production from cecum contents of White Roman geese

The goal of this research was to gain understanding of in vitro methane (CH4) production from the cecal contents of White Roman geese under various incubation conditions. Five experiments were conducted to ascertain the effects of i) incubation time, ii) pH, iii) the addition of formic acid to the culture media, iv) temperature, and v) the addition of salt to the nutritive liquid. Methane production increased significantly with the supplementation of formic acid in the culture fluid (Experiment III). Additionally, CH4 production Experiment V was higher than that without saline. In contrast, low CH4 production occurred under acidic conditions (pH ≦5.4) and at temperatures higher or lower than typical bird body temperature (43 °C) without formic acid and saline solution in the culture media. Since bird body temperature cannot be controlled easily, approaches such as maintaining cecum fluid at low pH and preventing the formation of formic acid by adjusting the recipes of feeds could be considered for controlling in vivo CH4 production from the intestinal tract digesta of geese

Factors Influencing Resection in Locoregional Pancreatic Cancer Patients

Objective: Identify factors associated with resection in a national sample of locoregional pancreatic cancer patients. Poster presented at ISPOR conference in Washington DC.https://jdc.jefferson.edu/jcphposters/1008/thumbnail.jp

Evaluating distribution of foveal avascular zone parameters corrected by lateral magnification and their associations with retinal thickness

Purpose To examine the distribution of foveal avascular zone (FAZ) parameters, with and without correction for lateral magnification, in a large cohort of healthy young adults. Design Cross-sectional, observational cohort study. Participants A total of 504 healthy adults, 27 to 30 years of age. Methods Participants underwent a comprehensive ophthalmic examination including axial length measurement and OCT angiography (OCTA) imaging of the macula. OCT angiography images of combined superficial and deep retinal vessel plexuses were processed via a custom software to extract foveal avascular zone area (FAZA) and foveal density-300 (FD-300), the vessel density in a 300-μm wide annulus surrounding the FAZ, with and without correction for lateral magnification. Bland–Altman analyses were performed to examine the effect of lateral magnification on FAZA and FD-300, as well as to evaluate the interocular agreement in both parameters. Linear mixed-effects models were used to examine the relationship between retinal thicknesses and OCTA parameters. Main Outcome Measures The FAZA and FD-300, corrected for lateral magnification. Results The mean (standard deviation [SD]) of laterally corrected FAZA and FD-300 was 0.22 mm2 (0.10 mm2) and 51.9% (3.2%), respectively. Relative to uncorrected data, 55.6% of corrected FAZA showed a relative change > 5%, whereas all FD-300 changes were within 5%. There was good interocular symmetry (mean right eye–left eye difference, 95% limits of agreement [LoA]) in both FAZA (0.006 mm2, -0.05 mm2, to 0.07 mm2) and FD-300 (-0.05%, -5.39%, to 5.30%). There were significant negative associations between central retinal thickness and FAZA (β = -0.0029), as well as between central retinal thickness and FD-300 (β = -0.044), with the relationships driven by inner, not outer, retina. Conclusions We reported lateral magnification adjusted normative values for FAZA and FD-300 in a large cohort of young, healthy eyes. Clinicians should strongly consider accounting for lateral magnification when evaluating FAZA. Good interocular agreement in FAZA and FD-300 suggests the contralateral eye can be used as control data