783 research outputs found
Accelerating, hyperaccelerating, and decelerating networks
Many growing networks possess accelerating statistics where the number of links added with each new node is an increasing function of network size so the total number of links increases faster than linearly with network size. In particular, biological networks can display a quadratic growth in regulator number with genome size even while remaining sparsely connected. These features are mutually incompatible in standard treatments of network theory which typically require that every new network node possesses at least one connection. To model sparsely connected networks, we generalize existing approaches and add each new node with a probabilistic number of links to generate either accelerating, hyperaccelerating, or even decelerating network statistics in different regimes. Under preferential attachment for example, slowly accelerating networks display stationary scale-free statistics relatively independent of network size while more rapidly accelerating networks display a transition from scale-free to exponential statistics with network growth. Such transitions explain, for instance, the evolutionary record of single-celled organisms which display strict size and complexity limits
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Quantile forecasts of daily exchange rate returns from forecasts of realized volatility
Quantile forecasts are central to risk management decisions because of the widespread
use of Value-at-Risk. A quantile forecast is the product of two factors: the model used to
forecast volatility, and the method of computing quantiles from the volatility forecasts. In
this paper we calculate and evaluate quantile forecasts of the daily exchange rate returns
of five currencies. The forecasting models that have been used in recent analyses of the
predictability of daily realized volatility permit a comparison of the predictive power of
different measures of intraday variation and intraday returns in forecasting exchange rate
variability. The methods of computing quantile forecasts include making distributional
assumptions for future daily returns as well as using the empirical distribution of predicted
standardized returns with both rolling and recursive samples. Our main findings are that the
Heterogenous Autoregressive model provides more accurate volatility and quantile forecasts
for currencies which experience shifts in volatility, such as the Canadian dollar, and that
the use of the empirical distribution to calculate quantiles can improve forecasts when there
are shifts
One-dimensional magnetic fluctuations in the spin-2 triangular lattice \alpha-NaMnO2
The S=2 anisotropic triangular lattice alpha-NaMnO2 is studied by neutron
inelastic scattering. Antiferromagnetic order occurs at T ~ 45 K with opening
of a spin gap. The spectral weight of the magnetic dynamics above the gap
(Delta ~ 7.5 meV) has been analysed by the single-mode approximation. Excellent
agreement with the experiment is achieved when a dominant exchange interaction
(|J|/k_B ~ 73 K), along the monoclinic b-axis and a sizeable easy-axis magnetic
anisotropy (|D|/k_B ~ 3 K) are considered. Despite earlier suggestions for
two-dimensional spin interactions, the dynamics illustrate strongly coupled
antiferromagnetic S=2 chains and cancellation of the interchain exchange due to
the lattice topology. alpha-NaMnO2 therefore represents a model system where
the geometric frustration is resolved through the lowering of the
dimensionality of the spin interactions.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures, to be published in Physical Review Letter
The use of 3D printing in the development of gaseous radiation detectors
Fused Deposition Modelling has been used to produce a small, single wire, Iarocci-style drift tube to demonstrate the feasibility of using the Additive Manufacturing technique to produce cheap detectors, quickly. Recent technological developments have extended the scope of Additive Manufacturing, or 3D printing, to the possibility of fabricating Gaseous Radiation Detectors, such as Single Wire Proportional Counters and Time Projection Chambers. 3D printing could allow for the production of customisable, modular detectors; that can be easily created and replaced and the possibility of printing detectors on-site in remote locations and even for outreach within schools.
The 3D printed drift tube was printed using Polylactic acid to produce a gas volume in the shape of an inverted triangular prism; base length of 28 mm, height 24.25 mm and tube length 145 mm. A stainless steel anode wire was placed in the centre of the tube, mid-print. P5 gas (95% Argon, 5% Methane) was used as the drift gas and a circuit was built to capacitively decouple signals from the high voltage. The signal rate and average pulse height of cosmic ray muons were measured over a range of bias voltages to characterise and prove correct operation of the printed detector
SoLid : Search for Oscillations with Lithium-6 Detector at the SCK-CEN BR2 reactor
Sterile neutrinos have been considered as a possible explanation for the recent reactor and Gallium anomalies arising from reanalysis of reactor flux and calibration data of previous neutrino experiments. A way to test this hypothesis is to look for distortions of the anti-neutrino energy caused by oscillation from active to sterile neutrino at close stand-off (similar to 6-8m) of a compact reactor core. Due to the low rate of anti-neutrino interactions the main challenge in such measurement is to control the high level of gamma rays and neutron background.
The SoLid experiment is a proposal to search for active-to-sterile anti-neutrino oscillation at very short baseline of the SCK center dot CEN BR2 research reactor.
This experiment uses a novel approach to detect anti-neutrino with a highly segmented detector based on Lithium-6. With the combination of high granularity, high neutron-gamma discrimination using 6LiF:ZnS(Ag) and precise localization of the Inverse Beta Decay products, a better experimental sensitivity can be achieved compared to other state-of-the-art technology. This compact system requires minimum passive shielding allowing for very close stand off to the reactor. The experimental set up of the SoLid experiment and the BR2 reactor will be presented. The new principle of neutrino detection and the detector design with expected performance will be described. The expected sensitivity to new oscillations of the SoLid detector as well as the first measurements made with the 8 kg prototype detector deployed at the BR2 reactor in 2013-2014 will be reported
Investigation of the 6He cluster structures
The 4He+2n and t+t clustering of the 6He ground state were investigated by
means of the transfer reaction 6He(p,t)4He at 25 MeV/nucleon. The experiment
was performed in inverse kinematics at GANIL with the SPEG spectrometer coupled
to the MUST array. Experimental data for the transfer reaction were analyzed by
a DWBA calculation including the two neutrons and the triton transfer. The
couplings to the 6He --> 4He + 2n breakup channels were taken into account with
a polarization potential deduced from a coupled-discretized-continuum channels
analysis of the 6He+1H elastic scattering measured at the same time. The
influence on the calculations of the 4He+t exit potential and of the triton
sequential transfer is discussed. The final calculation gives a spectroscopic
factor close to one for the 4He+2n configuration as expected. The spectroscopic
factor obtained for the t+t configuration is much smaller than the theoretical
predictions.Comment: 10 pages, 11 figures, accepted in PR
Improving Fission-product Decay Data for Reactor Applications: Part I -- Decay Heat
Effort has been expended to assess the relative merits of undertaking further
decay-data measurements of the main fission-product contributors to the decay
heat of neutron-irradiated fissile fuel and related actinides by means of Total
Absorption Gamma-ray Spectroscopy (TAGS/TAS) and Discrete Gamma-ray
Spectroscopy (DGS). This review has been carried out following similar work
performed under the auspices of OECD/WPEC-Subgroup 25 (2005-2007) and the
International Atomic Energy Agency (2010, 2014), and various highly relevant
TAGS measurements completed as a consequence of such assessments. We present
our recommendations for new decay-data evaluations, along with possible
requirements for total absorption and discrete high-resolution gamma-ray
spectroscopy studies that cover approximately 120 fission products and various
isomeric states.Comment: Submitted to European Physical Journal
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