On the methodological unification in electroencephalography

BACKGROUND: This paper presents results of a pursuit of a repeatable and objective methodology of analysis of the electroencephalographic (EEG) time series. METHODS: Adaptive time-frequency approximations of EEG are discussed in the light of the available experimental and theoretical evidence, and applicability in various experimental and clinical setups. RESULTS: Four lemmas and three conjectures support the following conclusion. CONCLUSION: Adaptive time-frequency approximations of signals unify most of the univariate computational approaches to EEG analysis, and offer compatibility with its traditional (visual) analysis, used in clinical applications

The Groenewold - Moyal Plane and its Quantum Physics

Quantum theories constructed on the noncommutative spacetime called the Groenewold-Moyal(GM) plane exhibit many interesting properties such as causality violation, Lorentz and CPT non-invariance and twisted statistics. Such violations lead to many striking features that may be tested experimentally. Thus these theories predict Pauli-forbidden transitions due to twisted statistics, anisotropies and acausal effects in the cosmic microwave background radiation in correlations of observables and Lorentz and CPT violations in scattering amplitudes. Such features of quantum physics on the GM plane are surveyed in this review.Comment: 8 pages, Based on the talk given by APB at the XXV Max Born Symposium on Planck Scale Physics, Wroclaw, 29 June-3 July 200

Information Infrastructure for Cooperative Research in Neuroscience

The paper describes a framework for efficient sharing of knowledge between research groups, which have been working for several years without flaws. The obstacles in cooperation are connected primarily with the lack of platforms for effective exchange of experimental data, models, and algorithms. The solution to these problems is proposed by construction of the platform (EEG.pl) with the semantic aware search scheme between portals. The above approach implanted in the international cooperative projects like NEUROMATH may bring the significant progress in designing efficient methods for neuroscience research

Brain Computer Interfaces for inclusion

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Phenyl 2,3,4-tri-O-benzyl-1-thio-α-d-mannopyran­oside monohydrate

In the title compound, C33H34O5S·H2O, the mannopyran­oside ring adopts a chair conformation with the 2-α-thio­phenyl group occupying an axial position. One of the pendant benzyl groups is disordered over two sets of sites in a 0.5:0.5 ratio. In the crystal, the water mol­ecule makes two O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds to an adjacent sugar mol­ecule with the O atoms of the primary alcohol and ether groups acting as acceptors. At the same time, the OH group of the sugar makes a hydrogen bond to a water mol­ecule

Open Database of Epileptic EEG with MRI and Postoperational Assessment of Foci—a Real World Verification for the EEG Inverse Solutions

This paper introduces a freely accessible database http://eeg.pl/epi, containing 23 datasets from patients diagnosed with and operated on for drug-resistant epilepsy. This was collected as part of the clinical routine at the Warsaw Memorial Child Hospital. Each record contains (1) pre-surgical electroencephalography (EEG) recording (10–20 system) with inter-ictal discharges marked separately by an expert, (2) a full set of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans for calculations of the realistic forward models, (3) structural placement of the epileptogenic zone, recognized by electrocorticography (ECoG) and post-surgical results, plotted on pre-surgical MRI scans in transverse, sagittal and coronal projections, (4) brief clinical description of each case. The main goal of this project is evaluation of possible improvements of localization of epileptic foci from the surface EEG recordings. These datasets offer a unique possibility for evaluating different EEG inverse solutions. We present preliminary results from a subset of these cases, including comparison of different schemes for the EEG inverse solution and preprocessing. We report also a finding which relates to the selective parametrization of single waveforms by multivariate matching pursuit, which is used in the preprocessing for the inverse solutions. It seems to offer a possibility of tracing the spatial evolution of seizures in time

Lorentz-covariant Hamiltonian analysis of BF gravity with the Immirzi parameter

We perform the Lorentz-covariant Hamiltonian analysis of two Lagrangian action principles that describe general relativity as a constrained BF theory and that include the Immirzi parameter. The relation between these two Lagrangian actions has been already studied through a map among the fields involved. The main difference between these is the way the Immirzi parameter is included, since in one of them the Immirzi parameter is included explicitly in the BF terms, whereas in the other (the CMPR action) it is in the constraint on the B fields. In this work we continue the analysis of their relationship but at the Hamiltonian level. Particularly, we are interested in seeing how the above difference appears in the constraint structure of both action principles. We find that they both possess the same number of first-class and second-class constraints and satisfy a very similar (off-shell) Poisson-bracket algebra on account of the type of canonical variables employed. The two algebras can be transformed into each other by making a suitable change of variablesComment: LaTeX file, no figure

Strongly fluorescent spiro-type tetracoordinate complexes of dibenzo[ b, e ][1,4]thiaborinine dioxide with functionalized 2-(benzo[ d ]heterazol-2-yl)phenolate ligands displaying TADF

A series of eight luminescent tetracoordinate organoboron chelate complexes 7a–7d and 8a–8d, featuring spiro geometry of the boron centre, were synthesized by combining strongly electron-acceptor dibenzo[b, e][1,4]thiaborinine 5,5-dioxide (SO2B) with 2-(benzo[d]heterazol-2-yl)phenolate ligands comprising an attached 3,6-bis(tert-butyl)carbazole as a strong electron donor. Two analogous reference systems 9 and 10 bearing BF2 and BAr2 (Ar = 2,6-F2-C6H3) cores, respectively, were also prepared and characterized. The obtained complexes exhibit bright blue, green or yellow photoluminescence in solution and Zeonex thin films with quantum yields reaching unity in some systems. Our detailed photophysical analysis of these complexes indicates the presence of thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF). Time-resolved photoluminescence experiments performed at RT and 77 K show that the energy difference between the lowest excited singlet and triplet states (ΔEST) is in the range of 0.22–0.36 eV. The most effective TADF emitters 7a and 7b were selected as luminescent dopants in OLEDs, showing external quantum efficiency (EQE) of up to 6.7% for the 7a-based device and maximum luminance of up to 9400 cd m−2 for the 7b-based device

Minority cytotypes in European populations of the Gymnadenia conopsea complex (Orchidaceae) greatly increase intraspecific and intrapopulation diversity

Background and Aims Patterns of ploidy variation among and within populations can provide valuable insights into the evolutionary mechanisms shaping the dynamics of plant systems showing ploidy diversity. Whereas data on majority ploidies are, by definition, often sufficiently extensive, much less is known about the incidence and evolutionary role of minority cytotypes. Methods Ploidy and proportions of endoreplicated genome were determined using DAPI (4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole) flow cytometry in 6150 Gymnadenia plants (fragrant orchids) collected from 141 populations in 17 European countries. All widely recognized European species, and several taxa of less certain taxonomic status were sampled within Gymnadenia conopsea sensu lato. Key Results Most Gymnadenia populations were taxonomically and/or ploidy heterogeneous. Two majority (2x and 4x) and three minority (3x, 5x and 6x) cytotypes were identified. Evolution largely proceeded at the diploid level, whereas tetraploids were much more geographically and taxonomically restricted. Although minority ploidies constituted <2 % of the individuals sampled, they were found in 35 % of populations across the entire area investigated. The amount of nuclear DNA, together with the level of progressively partial endoreplication, separated all Gymnadenia species currently widely recognized in Europe. Conclusions Despite their low frequency, minority cytotypes substantially increase intraspecific and intrapopulation ploidy diversity estimates for fragrant orchids. The cytogenetic structure of Gymnadenia populations is remarkably dynamic and shaped by multiple evolutionary mechanisms, including both the ongoing production of unreduced gametes and heteroploid hybridization. Overall, it is likely that the level of ploidy heterogeneity experienced by most plant species/populations is currently underestimated; intensive sampling is necessary to obtain a holistic pictur