400 research outputs found
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Privacy & security in the Cloud
Privacy and security issues are frequently presented as major inhibitors of cloud adoption. Some of these are operational issues and others relate to regulatory and compliance requirements that vary by industry and location. There is a growing body of guidance that seeks to clarify the implications of these concerns for various parts of the cloud supply chain. This paper provides a review of the business and legal risks associated with cloud computing and critically reviews the guidance available. It pays particular attention to the implications of the PRISM revelations for the development of a cloud marketplace that aims to keep data private and secure. A number of responses to cloud risks are available, including technological fixes and business responses. Each response has its own costs and requirements in terms of organisational capability and the paper evaluates the various responses that potential cloud adopters can use to manage the risks associated with cloud computing
Tomographic imaging and scanning thermal microscopy: thermal impedance tomography
The application of tomographic imaging techniques developed for medical applications to the data provided by the scanning thermal microscope will give access to true three-dimensional information on the thermal properties of materials on a mm length scale. In principle, the technique involves calculating and inverting a sensitivity matrix for a uniform isotropic material, collecting ordered data at several modulation frequencies, and multiplying the inverse of the matrix with the data vector. In practice, inversion of the matrix in impractical, and a novel iterative technique is used. Examples from both simulated and real data are given
Exploring the use of strategic frameworks in dental practice
This paper explores the use of strategic frameworks in NHS and private dental practice. It reviews the policy context of dentistry and suggests the challenges in this context will require dental practices to prioritise understanding and engagement with a strategic approach. A strategic approach will be required in order to enhance and improve performance. Two specific strategic frameworks will be explored in terms of their relevance to NHS and private dental practic
South Africa's business process outsourcing services sector: Lessons for Western-based client firms
Since 2008, South Africa has become one of the world's upcoming offshore destinations for business process outsourcing (BPO), a market estimated to be worth $US 182 billion globally by 2013. Western-based client firms evaluating South Africa as a BPO destination must consider the country's relative value against alternative locations. Client firms also have a number of engagement models from which to choose, inclucling outsourcing, erecting a captive centre, or acquiring an existing BPO business. The research finds that, for the UK, US, and Australian client companies in this study, South Africa's value proposition is not just based on costs as other locations are often cheaper. South Africa's value proposition is about overall economic value, high quality service and staff, strong cultural compatibility, and a favourable time zone. The findings reveal that South Africa complements the global portfolio for Western-based client firms that already have BPO centres in Inclia, the Philippines, and Eastern Europe. Moreover, whether client firms build or buy services from South Africa, the research identifies clistinctive risks that need to be mitigated by investing in and effectively governing the business processes performed offshore. Finally, from the case study research, this article identifies management lessons for leveraging South Africa's identifiable BPO service advantage
A framework to evaluate the viability of robotic process automation for business process activities
Robotic process automation (RPA) is a technology for centralized automation
of business processes. RPA automates user interaction with graphical user
interfaces, whereby it promises efficiency gains and a reduction of human
negligence during process execution. To harness these benefits, organizations
face the challenge of classifying process activities as viable automation
candidates for RPA. Therefore, this work aims to support practitioners in
evaluating RPA automation candidates. We design a framework that consists of
thirteen criteria grouped into five perspectives which offer different
evaluation aspects. These criteria leverage a profound understanding of the
process step. We demonstrate and evaluate the framework by applying it to a
real-life data set.Comment: This is an accepted manuscript for the "RPA Forum" at the "Int.
Conference on Business Process Management (BPM 2020)". The final
authenticated version is available online at
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58779-6_1
UK Housing Market: Time Series Processes with Independent and Identically Distributed Residuals
The paper examines whether a univariate data generating process can be identified which explains the data by having residuals that are independent and identically distributed, as verified by the BDS test. The stationary first differenced natural log quarterly house price index is regressed, initially with a constant variance and then with a conditional variance. The only regression function that produces independent and identically distributed standardised residuals is a mean process based on a pure random walk format with Exponential GARCH in mean for the conditional variance. There is an indication of an asymmetric volatility feedback effect but higher frequency data is required to confirm this. There could be scope for forecasting the index but this is tempered by the reduction in the power of the BDS test if there is a non-linear conditional variance process
Towards a Taxonomy of Cognitive RPA Components
Robotic Process Automation (RPA) is a discipline that is
increasingly growing hand in hand with Artificial Intelligence (AI) and
Machine Learning enabling the so-called cognitive automation. In such
context, the existing RPA platforms that include AI-based solutions clas sify their components, i.e. constituting part of a robot that performs a
set of actions, in a way that seems to obey market or business deci sions instead of common-sense rules. To be more precise, components
that present similar functionality are identified with different names and
grouped in different ways depending on the platform that provides the
components. Therefore, the analysis of different cognitive RPA platforms
to check their suitability for facing a specific need is typically a time consuming and error-prone task. To overcome this problem and to pro vide users with support in the development of an RPA project, this
paper proposes a method for the systematic construction of a taxonomy
of cognitive RPA components. Moreover, such a method is applied over
components that solve selected real-world use cases from the industry
obtaining promising resultsMinisterio de Economía y Competitividad TIN2016-76956-C3-2-RJunta de Andalucía CEI-12-TIC021Centro para el Desarrollo Tecnológico Industrial P011-19/E0
Tailoring precursors for deposition:synthesis structure and thermal studies of cyclopentadienyl copper(I) isocyanide complexes
We report here the synthesis and
characterization of a family of copper(I) metal precursors based around
cyclopentadienyl and isocyanide ligands. The molecular structures
of several cyclopentadienylcopper(I) isocyanide complexes have been
unambiguously determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis.
Thermogravimetric analysis of the complexes highlighted the isopropyl
isocyanide complex [(η<sup>5</sup>-C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>5</sub>)Cu(CN<sup>i</sup>Pr)] (<b>2a</b>) and the <i>tert</i>-butyl isocyanide complex [(η<sup>5</sup>-C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>5</sub>)Cu(CN<sup>t</sup>Bu)] (<b>2b</b>) as possible copper
metal chemical vapor deposition (CVD) precursors. Further modification
of the precursors with variation of the substituents on the cyclopentadienyl
ligand system (varying between H, Me, Et, and <sup>i</sup>Pr) has
allowed the affect that these changes would have on features such
as stability, volatility, and decomposition to be investigated. As
part of this study, the vapor pressures of the complexes <b>2b</b>, [(η<sup>5</sup>-MeC<sub>5</sub>H<sub>4</sub>)Cu(CN<sup>t</sup>Bu)] (<b>3b</b>), [(η<sup>5</sup>-EtC<sub>5</sub>H<sub>4</sub>)Cu(CN<sup>t</sup>Bu)] (<b>4b</b>), and [(η<sup>5</sup>-<sup>i</sup>PrC<sub>5</sub>H<sub>4</sub>)Cu(CN<sup>t</sup>Bu)] (<b>5b</b>) over a 40–65 °C temperature range
have been determined. Low-pressure chemical vapor deposition (LP-CVD)
was employed using precursors <b>2a</b> and <b>2b</b> to
synthesize thin films of metallic copper on silicon, gold, and platinum
substrates under a H<sub>2</sub> atmosphere. Analysis of the thin
films deposited onto both silicon and gold substrates at substrate
temperatures of 180 and 300 °C by scanning electron microscopy
and atomic force microscopy reveals temperature-dependent growth features:
Films grown at 300 °C are continuous and pinhole-free, whereas
films grown at 180 °C consist of highly crystalline nanoparticles.
In contrast, deposition onto platinum substrates at 180 °C shows
a high degree of surface coverage with the formation of high-density,
continuous, and pinhole-free thin films. Powder X-ray diffraction
and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) both show the films to
be high-purity metallic copper
Copy number, linkage disequilibrium and disease association in the FCGR locus.
The response of a leukocyte to immune complexes (ICs) is modulated by receptors for the Fc region of IgG (FcgammaRs), and alterations in their affinity or function have been associated with risk of autoimmune diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The low-affinity FcgammaR genomic locus is complex, containing regions of copy number variation (CNV) which can alter receptor expression and leukocyte responses to IgG. Combined paralogue ratio tests (PRTs) were used to distinguish three intervals within the FCGR locus which undergo CNV, and to determine FCGR gene copy number (CN). There were significant differences in FCGR3B and FCGR3A CNV profiles between Caucasian, East Asian and Kenyan populations. A previously noted association of low FCGR3B CN with SLE in Caucasians was supported [OR = 1.57 (1.08-2.27), P = 0.018], and replicated in Chinese [OR = 1.65 (1.25-2.18), P = 4 x 10(-4)]. There was no association of FCGR3B CNV with vasculitis, nor with malarial or bacterial infection. Linkage disequilibrium (LD) between multi-allelic FCGR3B CNV and SLE-associated SNPs in the FCGR locus was defined for the first time. Despite LD between FCGR3B CNV and a variant in FcgammaRIIB (I232T) which abolishes inhibitory function, both reduced CN of FCGR3B and homozygosity of the FcgammaRIIB-232T allele were individually strongly associated with SLE risk. Thus CN of FCGR3B, which controls IC responses and uptake by neutrophils, and variations in FCGR2B, which controls factors such as antibody production and macrophage activation, are important in SLE pathogenesis. Further interpretations of contributions to pathogenesis by FcgammaRs must be made in the context of LD involving CNV regions
A CD8+ T cell transcription signature predicts prognosis in autoimmune disease.
Autoimmune diseases are common and debilitating, but their severe manifestations could be reduced if biomarkers were available to allow individual tailoring of potentially toxic immunosuppressive therapy. Gene expression-based biomarkers facilitating such tailoring of chemotherapy in cancer, but not autoimmunity, have been identified and translated into clinical practice. We show that transcriptional profiling of purified CD8(+) T cells, which avoids the confounding influences of unseparated cells, identifies two distinct subject subgroups predicting long-term prognosis in two autoimmune diseases, antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV), a chronic, severe disease characterized by inflammation of medium-sized and small blood vessels, and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), characterized by autoantibodies, immune complex deposition and diverse clinical manifestations ranging from glomerulonephritis to neurological dysfunction. We show that the subset of genes defining the poor prognostic group is enriched for genes involved in the interleukin-7 receptor (IL-7R) pathway and T cell receptor (TCR) signaling and those expressed by memory T cells. Furthermore, the poor prognostic group is associated with an expanded CD8(+) T cell memory population. These subgroups, which are also found in the normal population and can be identified by measuring expression of only three genes, raise the prospect of individualized therapy and suggest new potential therapeutic targets in autoimmunity
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