The Shrubs of Indiana in Their Local and General Distribution by Physiographic Divisions

The mesophytic deciduous forest is the climax type of flora in Indiana. The trees typify the dominant life-form of such a community, but the shrubs and herbaceous plants which go to make up the undergrowth have an important t bearing on the nature of the vegetation as a whole. Within each climax formation there are numerous physiographic areas in which differences in vegetation are associated primarily with differences in topography and soil character. In Indiana there are six such areas, each with its distinctive floras (6, 11, 15). Lindsey (12) has made a study of the trees of Indiana, dealing with their distribution within the state in natural botanical areas and outside the state in their wider distribution by larger physiographic units. The present paper involves a study of the shrubs following the manner of the study of trees made by Lindsey

Quantitative Physicochemical Analysis of Acid-Base Balance and Clinical Utility of Anion Gap and Strong Ion Gap in 806 Neonatal Calves with Diarrhea

BackgroundAcid-base abnormalities in neonatal diarrheic calves can be assessed by using the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation or the simplified strong ion approach which use the anion gap (AG) or the strong ion gap (SIG) to quantify the concentration of unmeasured strong anions such as d-lactate. Hypothesis/ObjectivesTo determine and compare the clinical utility of AG and SIG in quantifying the unmeasured strong anion charge in neonatal diarrheic calves, and to examine the associations between biochemical findings and acid-base variables by using the simplified strong ion approach. We hypothesized that the SIG provides a more accurate prediction of unmeasured strong anions than the AG. AnimalsEight hundred and six neonatal diarrheic calves admitted to a veterinary teaching hospital. MethodsRetrospective study utilizing clinicopathologic findings extracted from medical records. ResultsHyperphosphatemia was an important predictor of venous blood pH. Serum inorganic phosphorus and plasma d-lactate concentrations accounted for 58% of the variation in venous blood pH and 77% of the variation in AG and SIG. Plasma d- and total lactate concentrations were slightly better correlated with SIG (r(s)=-0.69;-0.78) than to AG (r(s)=0.63;0.74). Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceStrong ion gap is slightly better at quantifying the unmeasured strong anion concentration in neonatal diarrheic calves than AG. Phosphorus concentrations should be included as part of the calculation of A(tot) when applying the simplified strong ion approach to acid-base balance to critically ill animals with hyperphosphatemia

Quantitative Physicochemical Analysis of Acid-Base Balance and Clinical Utility of Anion Gap and Strong Ion Gap in 806 Neonatal Calves with Diarrhea

BackgroundAcid-base abnormalities in neonatal diarrheic calves can be assessed by using the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation or the simplified strong ion approach which use the anion gap (AG) or the strong ion gap (SIG) to quantify the concentration of unmeasured strong anions such as d-lactate. Hypothesis/ObjectivesTo determine and compare the clinical utility of AG and SIG in quantifying the unmeasured strong anion charge in neonatal diarrheic calves, and to examine the associations between biochemical findings and acid-base variables by using the simplified strong ion approach. We hypothesized that the SIG provides a more accurate prediction of unmeasured strong anions than the AG. AnimalsEight hundred and six neonatal diarrheic calves admitted to a veterinary teaching hospital. MethodsRetrospective study utilizing clinicopathologic findings extracted from medical records. ResultsHyperphosphatemia was an important predictor of venous blood pH. Serum inorganic phosphorus and plasma d-lactate concentrations accounted for 58% of the variation in venous blood pH and 77% of the variation in AG and SIG. Plasma d- and total lactate concentrations were slightly better correlated with SIG (r(s)=-0.69;-0.78) than to AG (r(s)=0.63;0.74). Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceStrong ion gap is slightly better at quantifying the unmeasured strong anion concentration in neonatal diarrheic calves than AG. Phosphorus concentrations should be included as part of the calculation of A(tot) when applying the simplified strong ion approach to acid-base balance to critically ill animals with hyperphosphatemia

Somatosensory function and cortical unit activity in cats with only dorsal column fibers

Cats received lesions that transected the entire thoracic cord except for partial sparing of the dorsal columns. The cats were required to discriminate the side on which they were touched, the size of simultaneously presented discs, or the direction their fur was stroked to obtain food reward. All cats found by anatomical and/or electrophysiological criteria to have any functional continuity in the dorsal columns were able to master the first of these tasks; some responded above chance on the second. Performance was at chance on blank trials, and cats with complete cord transection failed to discriminate. Lesioned cats did not orient or otherwise react to any nonrewarded stimulus below the level of the lesion. A total of 532 units were recorded under light barbiturate anesthesia from the hind paw projection near the tip of the ansate sulcus in these and other similarly prepared cats. Three-fourths of the units found before and acutely after the cord lesions were made were driven by hind limb stimulation. Only 27% of the units recorded 10 or more days afterwards could be driven. Of these driven units, 15 (38%) responded to foreleg stimulation, 13 exclusively so. No such units were found in intact or acutely lesioned cats.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/46547/1/221_2004_Article_BF00237693.pd

Advances in prevention and therapy of neonatal dairy calf diarrhoea : a systematical review with emphasis on colostrum management and fluid therapy

Neonatal calf diarrhoea remains the most common cause of morbidity and mortality in preweaned dairy calves worldwide. This complex disease can be triggered by both infectious and non-infectious causes. The four most important enteropathogens leading to neonatal dairy calf diarrhoea are Escherichia coli, rota-and coronavirus, and Cryptosporidium parvum. Besides treating diarrhoeic neonatal dairy calves, the veterinarian is the most obvious person to advise the dairy farmer on prevention and treatment of this disease. This review deals with prevention and treatment of neonatal dairy calf diarrhoea focusing on the importance of a good colostrum management and a correct fluid therapy

Off shell behaviour of the in medium nucleon-nucleon cross section

The properties of nucleon-nucleon scattering inside dense nuclear matter are investigated. We use the relativistic Brueckner-Hartree-Fock model to determine on-shell and half off-shell in-medium transition amplitudes and cross sections. At finite densities the on-shell cross sections are generally suppressed. This reduction is, however, less pronounced than found in previous works. In the case that the outgoing momenta are allowed to be off energy shell the amplitudes show a strong variation with momentum. This description allows to determine in-medium cross sections beyond the quasi-particle approximation accounting thereby for the finite width which nucleons acquire in the dense nuclear medium. For reasonable choices of the in-medium nuclear spectral width, i.e. $\Gamma\leq 40$ MeV, the resulting total cross sections are, however, reduced by not more than about 25% compared to the on-shell values. Off-shell effect are generally more pronounced at large nuclear matter densities.Comment: 31 pages Revtex, 12 figures, typos corrected, to appear in Phys. Rev.

Induction therapy with the MATRix regimen in patients with newly diagnosed primary diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of the central nervous system - an international study of feasibility and efficacy in routine clinical practice

The MATRix chemoimmunotherapy regimen is highly effective in patients with newly diagnosed primary diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of the central nervous system (PCNSL). However, nothing is known about its feasibility and efficacy in everyday practice, where patients are more often older/frailer than those enrolled in clinical trials. We conducted a retrospective study addressing tolerability/efficacy of MATRix in 156 consecutive patients with newly diagnosed PCNSL treated outside a clinical trial. Median age and ECOG Performance Status of considered patients were 62 years (range 28–78) and 2 (range 0–4). The overall response rate after MATRix was 79%. Nine (6%) treatment-related deaths were recorded. After a median follow-up of 27.4 months (95% confidence interval [CI] 24.4–31.9%), the two-year progression-free and overall survival were 56% (95% CI 48.4–64.9%) and 64.1% (95% CI 56.7–72.5%) respectively. Patients not eligible for the IELSG32 trial were treated with lower dose intensity and had substantially worse outcomes than those fulfilling inclusion criteria. This is the largest series of PCNSL patients treated with MATRix outside a trial and recapitulates the IELSG32 trial outcomes in the non-trial setting for patients who fit the trial criteria. These data underscore the feasibility and efficacy of MATRix as induction treatment for fit patients in routine practice

Untreated PKU patients without intellectual disability: What do they teach us?

Phenylketonuria (PKU) management is aimed at preventing neurocognitive and psychosocial dysfunction by keeping plasma phenylalanine concentrations within the recommended target range. It can be questioned, however, whether universal plasma phenylalanine target levels would result in optimal neurocognitive outcomes for all patients, as similar plasma phenylalanine concentrations do not seem to have the same consequences to the brain for each PKU individual. To better understand the inter-individual differences in brain vulnerability to high plasma phenylalanine concentrations, we aimed to identify untreated and/or late-diagnosed PKU patients with near-normal outcome, despite high plasma phenylalanine concentrations, who are still alive. In total, we identified 16 such cases. While intellectual functioning in these patients was relatively unaffected, they often did present other neurological, psychological, and behavioral problems. Thereby, these “unusual” PKU patients show that the classical symptomatology of untreated or late-treated PKU may have to be rewritten. Moreover, these cases show that a lack of intellectual dysfunction despite high plasma phenylalanine concentrations does not necessarily imply that these high phenylalanine concentrations have not been toxic to the brain. Also, these cases may suggest that different mechanisms are involved in PKU pathophysiology, of which the relative importance seems to differ between patients and possibly also with increasing age. Further research should aim to better distinguish PKU patients with respect to their cerebral effects to high plasma phenylalanine concentrations

Selective Reagent Ion Mass Spectrometric Investigations of the Nitroanilines

This paper presents an investigation of proton and charge transfer reactions to 2-, 3- and 4-nitroanilines (C6H6N2O2) involving the reagent ions H3O+·(H2O)n (n=0, 1 and 2) and O2+, respectively, as a function of reduced electric field (60-240 Td), using Selective Reagent Ion-Time-of-Flight-Mass Spectrometry (SRI-ToF-MS). To aid in the interpretation of the H3O+·(H2O)n experimental data, the proton affinities and gas-phase basicities for the three nitroaniline isomers have been determined using density functional theory. These calculations show that proton transfer from both the H3O+ and H3O+·H2O reagent ions to the nitroanilines will be exoergic and hence efficient, with the reactions proceeding at the collisional rate. For proton transfer from H3O+ to the NO2 sites, the exoergicities are 171 kJ mol-1 (1.8 eV), 147 kJ mol-1 (1.5 eV) and 194 kJ mol-1 (2.0 eV) for 2-, 3- and 4-nitroanilines, respectively. Electron transfer from all three of the nitroanilines is also significantly exothermic by approximately 4 eV. Although a substantial transfer of energy occurs during the ion/molecule reactions, the processes are found to predominantly proceed via non-dissociative pathways over a large reduced electric field range. Only at relatively high reduced electric fields (>180 Td) is dissociative proton and charge transfer observed. Differences in fragment product ions and their intensities provide a means to distinguish the isomers, with proton transfer distinguishing 2-nitroaniline (2-NA) from 3- and 4-NA, and charge transfer distinguishing 4-NA from 2- and 3-NA, thereby providing a means to enhance selectivity using SRI-ToF-MS.(VLID)4826158Version of recor

Phenylketonuria in Portugal: Genotype-Phenotype Correlations Using Molecular, Biochemical, and Haplotypic Analyses

The impairment of the hepatic enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) causes elevation of phenylalanine levels in blood and other body fluids resulting in the most common inborn error of amino acid metabolism (phenylketonuria). Persistently high levels of phenylalanine lead to irreversible damage to the nervous system. Therefore, early diagnosis of the affected individuals is important, as it can prevent clinical manifestations of the disease.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio