¿DESIGN AND SYNTHESIS OF MODIFIED PEPTIDE NUCLEIC ACID (PNAS) WITH IMPROVED PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES FOR DNA, RNA AND MICRO RNA TARGETING¿

The present dissertation is divided into four chapters. Chapter one deals with the introduction to Peptide Nucleic Acid (PNA) its properties and its applications. The second chapter deals with the synthesis of modified PNAs with and without fluorescein isothiourea and its kinetic studies by using stopped-flow technique. The third chapter deals with the design, synthesis and characterization of functionalized PNAs with heterobifunctional linker and their conjugation with magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) for miRNA targeting. The fourth chapter deals with design and synthesis of modified thymine monomer PNA and homothymine decamer PNA sequence with gold(I) complexes for cellular imaging

Impact of weather parameters on cotton productivity at Surat (Gujarat), India

Global warming is casting its shadow in the form of climatic changes that is affecting the local weather conditions which has its bearing on crop production and water availability, the basic necessities for survival of life on the planet. In the present study, an attempt was made to investigate the cause of poor production of cotton in 2011-12 in Surat, Gujarat as compared to 2012-13 and 2013-14. Weather data since 2000 was analyzed and compared with the data of 2011-12 and comparison was made to find the abnormality in cotton crop productivity. It was found that during 2011-12, there was delayed monsoon, as well as during squaring and flowering stage (i.e. in August 2011) there was high rainfall (595.6 mm), maximum and minimum temperatures were above normal, during development (June-August) and flowering stage of crop (October-December) which disturbed the crop physiology indirectly affecting the yield of cotton. The combined effect of rainfall and temperature was on relative humidity that created conducive atmosphere for insect and pest attacks on crops. Due to changes in temperature and relative humidity, evaporative water demands would have further aggravated the watering needs of crop. The study concludes that erratic monsoon or delayed monsoon hampers crop physiology ultimately yield due to erratic weather conditions. Further, such changes in cotton growing areas could form the basis of planning and decisions on pricing, crop insurance, export and import policies of cotton crop

Hybrid Swarm Intelligence Method for Post Clustering Content Based Image Retrieval

AbstractContent Based Image Retrieval is one of the most promising method for image retrieval where searching and retrieving images from large scale image database is a critical task. In Content Based Image Retrieval many visual feature like color, shape, and texture are extracted in order to match query image with stored database images. Matching the query image with each image of large scale database results in large number of disc scans which in turns slows down the systems performance.The proposed work suggested an approach for post clustering Content Based Image Retrieval, in which the database images are clustered into optimized clusters for further retrieval process. Various clustering algorithms are implemented and results are compared. Among all, it is found that hybrid ACPSO algorithm performs better over basic algorithms like k-means, ACO, PSO etc. Hybrid ACPSO has the capability to produce good cluster initialization and form global clustering.This paper discusses work-in-progress where we have implemented till clustering module and intermediate results are produced. These resulted clusters will further be used for effective Content Based Image Retrieval

An Empirical Estimation of CSS Cognitive Radio Network Performance under Spectrum Sensing Data Falsification Attack

Cooperative spectrum sensing (CSS) significantly improves the performance of spectrum sensing process in cognitive radio networks (CRNs). Individual spectrum sensing by a cognitive radio (CR) is often inaccurate as the channel often experiences fading and shadowing effects. CSS has been shown to have many advantages in terms of spectrum use and robustness. Despite these facts, a CSS scheme also vulnerable to many security attacks from Malicious users (MUs). In order to get unfair USAge of spectrum band, MUs can generate false spectrum sensing reports to disturb the good secondary users (SUs) decision about presence of primary user (PU). In this paper, we consider the spectrum sensing data falsification attack (SSDF) in CSS and propose the protocol to identify and eliminate the attacker or Malicious user (MU) to improve the network performance. In SSDF attack, MUs send the false spectrum sensing results to fusion center (FC) with the intension that it should make wrong decision about spectrum sensing. In this scenario, FC acts as a data collector to fuse the reports sent by SUs

THE EFFECT OF WHEATGRASS JUICE ON HEMOGLOBIN LEVEL W.S.R. TO SAMANYA-VISHESHA SIDDHANTA

W.H.O. guideline denotes hemoglobin level in healthy male below 13 g/dl is abnormal and in female below 12g/dl is abnormal. This condition refers as Anaemia. There are several types of anaemia. It develops mainly because of lack of proper food habits. Wheat grass juice is rich source of minerals, vitamins, antioxidants, amino acids and many enzymes. It is significant nutritious and medicinal value with rich source of chlorophyll. Chlorophyll resembles with hemoglobin as both are chromo protein. Chemical component of both compounds are nearly same. Also the vital component of wheat grass helps in building hemoglobin in our body. The presence of 70% chlorophyll, which is almost chemically identical to hemoglobin. The only difference is that the central element in chlorophyll is magnesium and in hemoglobin it is iron. Chlorophyll in wheat grass is more useful in various clinical conditions involving hemoglobin deficiency and other chronic disorders ultimately considered as green blood. This study aims to evaluate the effect of wheatgrass fresh juice on hemoglobin level. Here 30 subjects were selected in the study and divided into 3 groups on basis of their hemoglobin level. Group A having Hb%, 13gm% to 16gm%, group B having Hb% 10gm% to 13gm% and group C having Hb% below 10gm%. After 21 days the symptomatic improvement and increase in hemoglobin level in group C was noticed as compared to group A and group B. No significant therapy is there for chronic anaemias in modern science. So an attempt has been made to evaluate the efficacy of wheat grass juice on hemoglobin level in the subjects having normal as well as abnormal hemoglobin level

Dynamic and Static Gesture Recognition System Using Moments

Gesture recognition is the novel idea to enhance the signs recognition of those who have speech and hearing disability .Our project discusses an improved method for gesture recognition .The algorithm extracts the gestures from the video given to it and it detects the hand using HSV skin color segmentation in the intent to eliminate the other parts of the body and detect only hands .It distinguishes between static and dynamic gestures and extracts the appropriate feature vector .We used SPHINX parser to form word from set of letters. We strive to enhance the reliability and efficiency by using faster static gesture recognition algorithm

Removal of pH, TDS, TSS & Color from Textile Effluent by Using Sawdust as Adsorbent

Textile industry is one of the most important and rapidly developing industrial sectors. India has a large network of textile industries of varying capacity i.e. about 10,000 garment manufacturing and 2,100 bleaching and dyeing industries. The characteristics of Textile effluent are generally high because of use of many chemical substances in Textile processing. The pH of Textile effluent is generally high because of use of many alkaline substances in Textile processing. There are several methods available for removal of pH, TDS, TSS and color from Textile effluent such as ion exchange, coagulation and flocculation, biological decolorization, adsorption etc. Among all these methods adsorption is still a procedure of choice for pH, TDS, TSS and color removal. In this paper Sawdust is used as adsorbent for removal of pH, TDS, TSS & Color from textile effluent. It is found that pH is decreased from 7.9 to 7.2, the maximum percent removal of 45.50