Livelihood of the Folk People in the novel Sool

Culture is a kind of practice and social behaviour of a particular group of people in the society meant for organizing their lives. It can be attained through the four virtues that are moral, material, pleasure and austerity which is connected to the integral and external part of human life. Tamil people have strongly rooted in its classical language, culture and tradition for more than two thousand years and it has been successfully reflected in its literature which is renowned worldwide for having a great impact on other countries (foreigners). This code of culture and tradition is based on the integral and intellectual insight of Tamil people, not depend on their economic values, this kind of values are found in the novel ‘Sool’ written by the Sakhithya Akademi Award (2019) winning writer So.Dharman who has traced out from the life of Urulaikkudi people depicting their agricultural practices and water resource management especially on various forms of their worship, festival, medicine, rituals and conventional beliefs. These are closely connected to their daily routine life and this research paper is briefly focused on the rustic lives, practices of Tamil people described by the writer So. Dharman. Thus, culture is so called identity and inheritance of Tamil people in and around the world

A Comparative study to Assess the Effectiveness of Infra Red Radiation Insulin Dressing and Metronidazole Dressing in Healing of Diabetic Ulcer Foot at MAPIMS

Diabetes is a worldwide health problem. It may begins around twenty years of age and become more prevalent when age get advances. Diabetes has been detected more in urban population but undiagnosed diabetes is most common in the rural people. In India, one in two out of population has diabetes mellitus. Approximately ninety two million of Indian people may get diabetes in the year 2035. Diabetic foot ulcer is one of the serious complications of diabetes mellitus. Eighty four percent people get lower leg amputation because of diabetes. Peripheral arterial disease and neuropathy are the common causes for foot amputation. Statistics shows that twenty five percent diabetic people develop diabetic ulcer foot in the later stage. Fifty percent diabetic population develops infection and need hospitalization in their lifetime. One out five diabetic people is prone to get amputation. The care of chronic non healing ulcer foot is challenging for health team. There are many human studies that searching for efficient and effective treatment for diabetic ulcer foot. This study compared three different interventions towards the management of diabetic ulcer foot. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM: A comparative study to assess the effectiveness of Infrared Radiation, Insulin Dressing and Metronidazole dressing in healing of diabetic ulcer foot at MAPIMS OBJECTIVES: 1. To assess the pretest condition of diabetic ulcer foot among patients with Diabetes mellitus. 2. To evaluate the effectiveness of infra-red radiation application, insulin dressing and metronidazole dressing in healing of diabetic ulcer foot among patients with Diabetes mellitus. 3. To compare the effectiveness of infra-red radiation with insulin dressing and metronidazole dressing in healing of diabetic ulcer foot among patients with Diabetes mellitus. 4. To associate the effectiveness of intervention in healing of diabetic ulcer foot with the selected demographic variables. HYPOTHESES: H1- There will be significant improvement in healing of diabetic ulcer foot at the post test. H2- There will be significant differences between infrared radiation, insulin dressing and metronidazole dressing on healing of diabetic ulcer foot. H3 - There will be significant association of post test score on healing of diabetic ulcer foot with the selected demographic variables among diabetic foot ulcer clients. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY: Quasi experimental pretest posttest design was adopted for this study and Non probability consecutive sampling technique was used to select the samples. Based on the sampling criteria totally 225 samples were selected for this study, out of this seventy five subjects were treated with infra-red radiation, seventy five treated by insulin dressing and remaining seventy five were treated metronidazole dressing. First day, three interventional group was assessed by using modified Bates Jensen’s wound assessment tool and same day treatment was started, posttest was done on seventh day and tenth day by using the tool. RESULTS: Infrared Radiation Group: The pretest and post scores of the Infra-red radiation group, that the pretest mean and standard deviation were respectively 51.5067 and 4.21828. At the post test mean and standard deviation were respectively 20.32 and 3.673. The” t” value was 68.352 it is more than table value. The results shows a high level of significance statistically at p<0.001 level. Occupation and education of the diabetic clients had significant influences in the healing of diabetic ulcer foot. Insulin Dressing Group: The pretest and Post-test score of Insulin Dressing in healing of diabetic foot ulcer that Insulin dressing pretest mean score is 50.24 and standard deviation 5.74, post mean score 24.25, standard deviation 4.02 and the ” t” value 45.27 which is greater than table value. The results shows a high level of significance statistically at p<0.001 level. Diabetic client’s Demographic variables like Age, area of residence and family history of diabetes had significant influences in the healing of diabetic ulcer foot. Metronidazole Dressing Group: The pretest and Post-test score of Metronidazole Dressing in healing of diabetic foot ulcer. It reveals that in Metronidazole dressing, pretest and posttest mean scores were respectively 50.3 and 27.06 and the standard deviation were 4.0 and 3.58 respectively and the “t” value was 52.825 which is more than table value. The result shows a high level of significance statistically at p<0.001 level. Diabetic client’s demographic variables like age and area of residence had significant influences in the healing of diabetic ulcer foot. CONCLUSION: These study results shows that all the three interventions were effective in healing of diabetic ulcer but infrared radiation was the most effective method when comparing other two interventions in the healing of diabetic ulcer foot. IMPLICATIONS: The findings of the study have several implications for medical surgical nursing, community health nursing, nursing education, nursing administration and nursing research towards the healing of diabetic ulcer. The study findings help to reduce the complications of diabetic foot ulcer and increase the granulation status of wound. Primary health nurse can plan diabetes education and develop awareness programme regarding risk factors of diabetes and diabetic foot complications. Nursing practice provides a prompt patient care. They will act as a essential role in control of diabetes and care of foot. Nurse educators basically from clinical nursing which gives them, knowledge, skills and attitude of theory. Nurse educators are responsible for teaching current trends in nursing practice in clinical setting. Nurse administrator should plan of programme and strategies about diabetes and diabetic ulcer foot

A Comparative Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Infra Red Radiation, Insulin Dressing and Metronidazole Dressing in Healing of Diabetic Ulcer Foot at MAPIMS

INTRODUCTION : Diabetes is a worldwide health problem. It may begins around twenty years of age and become more prevalent when age get advances. Diabetes has been detected more in urban population but undiagnosed diabetes is most common in the rural people. In India, one in two out of population has diabetes mellitus. Approximately ninety two million of Indian people may get diabetes in the year 2035. Diabetic foot ulcer is one of the serious complications of diabetes mellitus. Eighty four percent people get lower leg amputation because of diabetes. Peripheral arterial disease and neuropathy are the common causes for foot amputation. Statistics shows that twenty five percent diabetic people develop diabetic ulcer foot in the later stage. Fifty percent diabetic population develops infection and need hospitalization in their lifetime. One out five diabetic people is prone to get amputation. The care of chronic non healing ulcer foot is challenging for health team. There are many human studies that searching for efficient and effective treatment for diabetic ulcer foot. This study compared three different interventions towards the management of diabetic ulcer foot. Statement of the Problem : A comparative study to assess the effectiveness of Infrared Radiation, Insulin Dressing and Metronidazole dressing in healing of diabetic ulcer foot at MAPIMS OBJECTIVES : 1. To assess the pretest condition of diabetic ulcer foot among patients with Diabetes mellitus. 2. To evaluate the effectiveness of infra-red radiation application, insulin dressing and metronidazole dressing in healing of diabetic ulcer foot among patients with Diabetes mellitus. 3. To compare the effectiveness of infra-red radiation with insulin dressing and metronidazole dressing in healing of diabetic ulcer foot among patients with Diabetes mellitus. 4. To associate the effectiveness of intervention in healing of diabetic ulcer foot with the selected demographic variables. Hypotheses: H1- There will be significant improvement in healing of diabetic ulcer foot at the post test. H2- There will be significant differences between infrared radiation, insulin dressing and metronidazole dressing on healing of diabetic ulcer foot. H3 - There will be significant association of post test score on healing of diabetic ulcer foot with the selected demographic variables among diabetic foot ulcer clients. Research methodology : Quasi experimental pretest posttest design was adopted for this study and Non probability consecutive sampling technique was used to select the samples. Based on the sampling criteria totally 225 samples were selected for this study, out of this seventy five subjects were treated with infra-red radiation, seventy five treated by insulin dressing and remaining seventy five were treated metronidazole dressing. First day, three interventional group was assessed by using modified Bates Jensen’s wound assessment tool and same day treatment was started, posttest was done on seventh day and tenth day by using the tool. RESULTS : Infrared Radiation Group: The pretest and post scores of the Infra-red radiation group, that the pretest mean and standard deviation were respectively 51.5067 and 4.21828. At the post test mean and standard deviation were respectively 20.32 and 3.673. The” t” value was 68.352 it is more than table value. The results shows a high level of significance statistically at p<0.001 level. Occupation and education of the diabetic clients had significant influences in the healing of diabetic ulcer foot. Insulin Dressing Group: The pretest and Post-test score of Insulin Dressing in healing of diabetic foot ulcer that Insulin dressing pretest mean score is 50.24 and standard deviation 5.74, post mean score 24.25, standard deviation 4.02 and the ” t” value 45.27 which is greater than table value. The results shows a high level of significance statistically at p<0.001 level. Diabetic client’s Demographic variables like Age, area of residence and family history of diabetes had significant influences in the healing of diabetic ulcer foot. Metronidazole Dressing Group: The pretest and Post-test score of Metronidazole Dressing in healing of diabetic foot ulcer. It reveals that in Metronidazole dressing, pretest and posttest mean scores were respectively 50.3 and 27.06 and the standard deviation were 4.0 and 3.58 respectively and the “t” value was 52.825 which is more than table value. The result shows a high level of significance statistically at p<0.001 level. Diabetic client’s demographic variables like age and area of residence had significant influences in the healing of diabetic ulcer foot. CONCLUSION : These study results shows that all the three interventions were effective in healing of diabetic ulcer but infrared radiation was the most effective method when comparing other two interventions in the healing of diabetic ulcer foot. IMPLICATIONS : The findings of the study have several implications for medical surgical nursing, community health nursing, nursing education, nursing administration and nursing research towards the healing of diabetic ulcer. The study findings help to reduce the complications of diabetic foot ulcer and increase the granulation status of wound. Primary health nurse can plan diabetes education and develop awareness programme regarding risk factors of diabetes and diabetic foot complications. Nursing practice provides a prompt patient care. They will act as a essential role in control of diabetes and care of foot. Nurse educators basically from clinical nursing which gives them, knowledge, skills and attitude of theory. Nurse educators are responsible for teaching current trends in nursing practice in clinical setting. Nurse administrator should plan of programme and strategies about diabetes and diabetic ulcer foot

On Contra gy-Continuous Functions

In this paper, we investigate further properties of the notion of contra gy-continuous functions which was introduced in [4]. We obtain some separation axioms of contra gy-continuous functions and discuss the relationships between contra gy-continuity and other related functions

Effect of plasticizer on Poly (vinyl alcohol): Poly (vinylidene fluoride) blend polymer electrolyte

). However on the addition of Ethylene carbonate, the ionic conductivity has been decreased slightly by one order of magnitude. This may be due to the increase in viscosity of gel polymer electrolyte which may restrict the segmental motion of polymer chains at ambient temperature. This is inturn reflected in the dielectric spectra in which a very low value of dielectric constant is observed for GPE compared to salt doped system. Interaction of lithium salt and plasticizer with the polymer blend matrix has been confirmed from FTIR spectra analysis

Antifungal and Cytotoxic Activities of Some Marine Sponges Collected from the South East Coast of India

The present work describes the biological activities using the marine sponges collected from kanyakumari. The sponges are such as the Callyspongia diffusa, Echinodictyum gorgonoides, Callyspongia reticutis, Gelliodes cellaria, and Thalysias vulpine. It is revealed that the sponges showed the antifungal activity against the various fungal strains such as the Aspergillus niger, Pencillium notatum,and Candida albicans by using the agar well diffusion method. The sponge crude extracts seems to have effective cytotoxic property that was detected by Brine shrimp assay. Hence it is assumed that the marine sponges act as the vital source for the development of anticancer drugs

Insights from Modeling the 3D Structure of New Delhi Metallo-β-Lactamse and Its Binding Interactions with Antibiotic Drugs

New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamase (NDM-1) is an enzyme that makes bacteria resistant to a broad range of beta-lactam antibiotic drugs. This is because it can inactivate most beta-lactam antibiotic drugs by hydrolyzing them. For in-depth understanding of the hydrolysis mechanism, the three-dimensional structure of NDM-1 was developed. With such a structural frame, two enzyme-ligand complexes were derived by respectively docking Imipenem and Meropenem (two typical beta-lactam antibiotic drugs) to the NDM-1 receptor. It was revealed from the NDM-1/Imipenem complex that the antibiotic drug was hydrolyzed while sitting in a binding pocket of NDM-1 formed by nine residues. And for the case of NDM-1/Meropenem complex, the antibiotic drug was hydrolyzed in a binding pocket formed by twelve residues. All these constituent residues of the two binding pockets were explicitly defined and graphically labeled. It is anticipated that the findings reported here may provide useful insights for developing new antibiotic drugs to overcome the resistance problem

Unsupervised record matching with noisy and incomplete data

We consider the problem of duplicate detection in noisy and incomplete data: given a large data set in which each record has multiple entries (attributes), detect which distinct records refer to the same real world entity. This task is complicated by noise (such as misspellings) and missing data, which can lead to records being different, despite referring to the same entity. Our method consists of three main steps: creating a similarity score between records, grouping records together into "unique entities", and refining the groups. We compare various methods for creating similarity scores between noisy records, considering different combinations of string matching, term frequency-inverse document frequency methods, and n-gram techniques. In particular, we introduce a vectorized soft term frequency-inverse document frequency method, with an optional refinement step. We also discuss two methods to deal with missing data in computing similarity scores. We test our method on the Los Angeles Police Department Field Interview Card data set, the Cora Citation Matching data set, and two sets of restaurant review data. The results show that the methods that use words as the basic units are preferable to those that use 3-grams. Moreover, in some (but certainly not all) parameter ranges soft term frequency-inverse document frequency methods can outperform the standard term frequency-inverse document frequency method. The results also confirm that our method for automatically determining the number of groups typically works well in many cases and allows for accurate results in the absence of a priori knowledge of the number of unique entities in the data set

Whole-body regeneration in the colonial tunicate Botrylloides leachii

The colonial marine invertebrate Botrylloides leachii belongs to the Tunicata subphylum, the closest invertebrate relatives to the vertebrate group and the only known class of chordates that can undergo whole-body regeneration (WBR). This dramatic developmental process allows a minute isolated fragment of B. leachii’s vascular system, or a colony excised of all adults, to restore a functional animal in as little as 10 days. In addition to this exceptional regenerative capacity, B. leachii can reproduce both sexually, through a tadpole larval stage, and asexually, through palleal budding. Thus, three alternative developmental strategies lead to the establishment of filter-feeding adults. Consequently, B. leachii is particularly well suited for comparative studies on regeneration and should provide novel insights into regenerative processes in chordates.Here, after a short introduction on regeneration, we overview the biology of B. leachii as well as the current state of knowledge on WBR in this species and in related species of tunicates. Finally, we highlight the possible future directions that research might take in the study of WBR, including thoughts on technological approaches that appear most promising in this context. Overall, we provide a synthesis of the current knowledge on WBR in B. leachii to support research in this chordate species