Introducing Type-2 Fuzzy Sets for Image Texture Modelling

In this paper, the texture property ”coarseness” is modeled by means of type-2 fuzzy sets, relating representative coarseness measures (our reference set) with the human perception of this texture property. The type-2 approach allows to face both the imprecision in the interpretation of the measure value and the uncertainty about the coarseness degree associated to a measure value. In our study, a wide variety of measures is analyzed, and assessments about coarseness perception are collected from pools. This information is used to obtain type-2 fuzzy sets where the secondary fuzzy sets are modelled by means of triangular membership functions fitted to the collected data

Los instrumentos de gestión de las fronteras exteriores de la Unión Europea ante los flujos migratorios masivos

El presente artículo se centra en el análisis de los mecanismos de la Unión Europea para el control de sus fronteras exteriores, a la luz de la última gran crisis migratoria y de refugiados que sufre el continente europeo, con especial referencia a la reciente creación de la Guardia Europea de Fronteras y Costas, lo que podría considerarse como una policía fronteriza común europea.This article focuses on the analysis of EU mechanisms to control its external borders, in the light of the last great migratory and refugee crisis afflicting the European continent, with special reference to the recent creation of the European Border and Coast Guard, what it could be considered as a common European border police

UV Dichroism in Vertically Aligned Nematic Displays

Vertically aligned negative nematics are employed in high-end projection applications, where extremely high light fluxes are employed. Under these conditions, the UV photochemical stability of the material becomes an issue that must be included in the characterization process of such devices. Photochemical aging tests for vertically aligned microdisplay, however, must take into account the linear dichroism shown by the liquid crystal material upon switching. In this work a method to evaluate UV linear dichroism is described. The method is included in a comparative study of the electrooptical performance of two negative nematic mixtures, one experimental and one commercial

An approach to gut microbiota profile in children with autism spectrum disorder

In recent years, there has been an increase in studies on the implications of gut microbiota (GM) on the behaviour of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) due to a dysbiosis in GM that can trigger onset, development or progression of ASD through the microbiota–gut–brain axis. The aim of this study is to carry out a systematic review of articles from the last 6 years that analyse GM in children with ASD compared to GM in control groups. Children with ASD showed a higher abundance of Roseburia and Candida genera, and lower abundance of Dialister, Bilophila, Veillonella, Streptococcus, Coprococcus and Prevotella genera. Those differences can be attributed to factors such as different nationalities, nature of control groups, place where the sample was taken, gastrointestinal (GI) problems or bacterial detection methods. It is still too early to define a specific GM profile of children with ASD, and future studies should focus on homogenizing the characteristics of samples and control groups. Furthermore, new multicentre studies should also focus on the impact of GM on GI physiology, neurophysiology and behaviour of children with ASD, and on performing psychometric analyses of the correlation between the severity of ASD behavioural symptoms and GM profiles

CARACTERIZACIÓN MORFOLÓGICA DE POBLACIONES DE MAÍZ NATIVO (Zea mays L.) EN CHIAPAS, MÉXICO

Characterization studies contribute to establishing better bases for the design of strategies for exploitation, conservation and genetic improvement. In this context, the morphological variation of a collection of native maize (Zea mays L.) populations from central Chiapas, México, was characterized. Twenty-five (25) populations were evaluated under a design of complete random blocks in three contrasting environments. Fourteen (14) morphological variables were found and combined variance analysis, correlation analysis and biplot graphing were applied based on the first two principal components. Significant differences were detected between populations for all the variables, something considered as an indicator of diversity. The accessions were grouped into four groups, named: Olotillo complex, which gathered the populations of greater plant height (245 to 295 cm), late flowering (63 to 68 days), and low number of lines (8 to 9); Tuxpeño, whose populations presented greater height than the mean (244 to 272 cm), masculine flowering representative of the warm climate (60 to 65 days) and intermediate value of lines (10 to 12); Zapalote Grande, which was populations of precocious cycle (51-55 DFM) and lower plant height (212 to 227 cm); and finally, Tuxpeño that included populations with a higher number of lines (12.8 to 13.3) with intermediate values in the characters measured. The variation identified can be the basis for genetic improvement and different conservation strategies.Los estudios de caracterización contribuyen a establecer mejores bases para diseñar estrategias de aprovechamiento, conservación y mejoramiento genético. En este contexto, se caracterizó la variación morfológica de una colección de poblaciones de maíz nativo (Zea mays L.) del Centro de Chiapas, México. Se evaluaron 25 poblaciones bajo un diseño de bloques completos al azar en tres ambientes contrastantes. Se registraron 14 variables morfológicas y aplicó un análisis de varianza combinado, análisis de correlación y gráfica biplot con base en los dos primeros componentes principales. Se detectaron diferencias significativas entre poblaciones para todas las variables, lo que se consideró un indicador de diversidad. Las accesiones fueron agrupadas en cuatro grupos, denominados complejo Olotillo que reunió las poblaciones de mayor altura de planta (245 a 295 cm), floración tardía (63 a 68 días) y número bajo de hileras (8 a 9), complejo Tuxpeño cuyas poblaciones presentaron altura superior a la media (244 a 272 cm), floración masculina representativa del clima cálido (60 a 65 días) y valor intermedio de número de hileras (10 a 12), Zapalote grande que fueron poblaciones de ciclo precoz (51-55 DFM) y menor altura de planta (212 a 227 cm); y finalmente Tuxpeño que reunió poblaciones de mayor número de hileras (12.8 a 13.3) con valores intermedios en los caracteres medidos. La variación identificada puede ser la base para mejoramiento genético y diferentes estrategias de conservación

Distribution of the S-matrix in chaotic microwave cavities with direct processes and absorption

We quantify the presence of direct processes in the S-matrix of chaotic microwave cavities with absorption in the one-channel case. To this end the full distribution P_S(S) of the S-matrix, i.e. S=\sqrt{R}e^{i\theta}, is studied in cavities with time-reversal symmetry for different antenna coupling strengths T_a or direct processes. The experimental results are compared with random-matrix calculations and with numerical simulations based on the Heidelberg approach including absorption. The theoretical result is a generalization of the Poisson kernel. The experimental and the numerical distributions are in excellent agreement with random-matrix predictions for all cases.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure

Single Step Deposition of an Interacting Layer of Perovskite Matrix with Embedded Quantum Dots

Hybrid lead halide perovskite (PS) derivatives have emerged as very promising materials for the development of optoelectronic devices in the last few years. At the same time, inorganic nanocrystals with quantum confinement (QDs) possess unique properties that make them suitable materials for the development of photovoltaics, imaging and lighting applications, among others. In this work, we report on a new methodology for the deposition of high quality, large grain size and pinhole free PS films (CH3NH3PbI3) with embedded PbS and PbS/CdS core/shell Quantum Dots (QDs). The strong interaction between both semiconductors is revealed by the formation of an exciplex state, which is monitored by photoluminescence and electroluminescence experiments. The radiative exciplex relaxation is centered in the near infrared region (NIR), ≈1200 nm, which corresponds to lower energies than the corresponding band gap of both perovskite (PS) and QDs. Our approach allows the fabrication of multi-wavelength light emitting diodes (LEDs) based on a PS matrix with embedded QDs, which show considerably low turn-on potentials. The presence of the exciplex state of PS and QDs opens up a broad range of possibilities with important implications in both LEDs and solar cells.Generalitat Valenciana PROMETEOII/2014/020 PROMETEOII/2014/059 ISIC/2012/008 Spanish MINECO (Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness) MAT2013-47192-C3-1-R MAT2015-70611-ERC TEC2014-53727-C2-1-R Spanish MINEC

Sistema de mejora continua para los procesos de recibo y selección de frutas y verduras del BAG

El presente proyecto surgió como un trabajo en paralelo a las actividades que se comenzaron en 2019 en el Banco de Alimentos de Guadalajara (BAG) para obtener la certificación de ISO 9001-2015 alineándose a los objetivos estratégicos de la organización. Con él se propone un plan de mejora para la reducción de desperdicio de frutas y verduras generado internamente en los procesos de inspección y recibo y selección del departamento de Almacén del BAG, en conjunto con el plan de control correspondiente para asegurar la mejora sostenida. El proyecto se lleva a cabo bajo el modelo de calidad de Six Sigma, siguiendo la metodología DMAIC y, en cada capítulo, se exponen los procesos realizados y herramientas utilizadas para cada una de las etapas, así como una breve conclusión. Es importante mencionar que este trabajo no pudo haber sido posible sin la participación y colaboración del personal del Banco de Alimentos quienes con sus puntos de vista y experiencia ayudaron a identificar las principales causas del desperdicio y las acciones de mejora. Al finalizar el análisis de la información y datos obtenidos en las etapas de DMAIC, se confirma el impacto que tiene la dependencia tanto en las donaciones como en los voluntarios; sin embargo, existen muchas otras acciones que aquí se proponen y que se estima que en suma contribuyan con la reducción de la merma interna. Aunque algunas de estas acciones ya se comenzaron a trabajar, queda pendiente la aplicación de las 5s y la revisión de la planeación y cantidad de producto que se recibe. Estas son dos acciones críticas que deberán tomarse en cuenta e implementarse lo antes posible si se quiere llegar al objetivo de 3% para el segundo cuarto de 2022. Aunado a lo anterior, los análisis y resultados que se presentan en este documento servirán como base para proyectos futuros que busquen continuar con la mejora de los procesos del almacén, así como para efectos comparativos de otros estudios en proyectos similares.ITESO, A. C

Chaotic scattering with direct processes: A generalization of Poisson's kernel for non-unitary scattering matrices

The problem of chaotic scattering in presence of direct processes or prompt responses is mapped via a transformation to the case of scattering in absence of such processes for non-unitary scattering matrices, \tilde S. In the absence of prompt responses, \tilde S is uniformly distributed according to its invariant measure in the space of \tilde S matrices with zero average, < \tilde S > =0. In the presence of direct processes, the distribution of \tilde S is non-uniform and it is characterized by the average (\neq 0). In contrast to the case of unitary matrices S, where the invariant measures of S for chaotic scattering with and without direct processes are related through the well known Poisson kernel, here we show that for non-unitary scattering matrices the invariant measures are related by the Poisson kernel squared. Our results are relevant to situations where flux conservation is not satisfied. For example, transport experiments in chaotic systems, where gains or losses are present, like microwave chaotic cavities or graphs, and acoustic or elastic resonators.Comment: Added two appendices and references. Corrected typo