2,032 research outputs found

    The polarizability of diatomic helium

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    The calculation of the electric dipole polarizability tensor of the He 2 dimer is described, and the results are used in the computation of several dielectric and optical properties of helium gas, at both high (322 K) and low (4 K) temperatures. The properties considered are the second dielectric virial coefficient, the second Kerr virial coefficient, and the depolarization ratio of the integrated intensities for the Raman scattering experiments. The thesis consists of five parts: the polarizability and various properties are defined; the calculation of the polarizability in the long-range region in terms of a quantum mechanical multipole expansion is described; the calculation of the He2 polarizability in the overlap region via coupled Hartree-Fock perturbation theory is described; the calculation of the quantum pair distribution function for both the He-3 and He-4 isotopes at 4 K is discussed; and the calculated values of the properties of helium gas are given

    Création automatique de classes de signatures manuscrites pour l'authentification en ligne

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    International audienceNous nous intéressons dans ce papier à l'optimisation d'un système d'authentification par signature manuscrite. Celui-ci est basé sur une approche Coarse To Fine et utilise l'algorithme Dynamic Time Warping ainsi qu'un seuil de décision global pour accepter ou rejeter un signataire. L'optimisation proposée réside dans l'utilisation d'un algorithme de classification non supervisée afin de déterminer automatiquement des classes de signatures. Pour chacune des classes, un seuil de décision spécifique est établi. Dans ces travaux, nous nous sommes plus particulièrement attaché à étudier l'impact de la classification sur les performance. Les résultats expérimentaux sur la base SVC montrent que l'on peut améliorer les performances en diminuant le taux d'erreur égale de 14,4%. Cependant la sensibilité de la classification est très grande et la notion de classe unique pour un signataire semble trop restrictive

    Double Charge Exchange And Configuration Mixing

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    The energy dependence of forward pion double charge exchange reactions on light nuclei is studied for both the Ground State transition and the Double-Isobaric-Analog-State transitions. A common characteristic of these double reactions is a resonance-like peak around 50 MeV pion lab energy. This peak arises naturally in a two-step process in the conventional pion-nucleon system with proper handling of nuclear structure and pion distortion. A comparison among the results of different nuclear structure models demonstrates the effects of configuration mixing. The angular distribution is used to fix the single particle wave function.Comment: Added 1 figure (now 8) corrected references and various other change

    Feedback Control as a Framework for Understanding Tradeoffs in Biology

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    Control theory arose from a need to control synthetic systems. From regulating steam engines to tuning radios to devices capable of autonomous movement, it provided a formal mathematical basis for understanding the role of feedback in the stability (or change) of dynamical systems. It provides a framework for understanding any system with feedback regulation, including biological ones such as regulatory gene networks, cellular metabolic systems, sensorimotor dynamics of moving animals, and even ecological or evolutionary dynamics of organisms and populations. Here we focus on four case studies of the sensorimotor dynamics of animals, each of which involves the application of principles from control theory to probe stability and feedback in an organism's response to perturbations. We use examples from aquatic (electric fish station keeping and jamming avoidance), terrestrial (cockroach wall following) and aerial environments (flight control in moths) to highlight how one can use control theory to understand how feedback mechanisms interact with the physical dynamics of animals to determine their stability and response to sensory inputs and perturbations. Each case study is cast as a control problem with sensory input, neural processing, and motor dynamics, the output of which feeds back to the sensory inputs. Collectively, the interaction of these systems in a closed loop determines the behavior of the entire system.Comment: Submitted to Integr Comp Bio

    High-resolution emission spectroscopy retrievals of MASCARA-1b with CRIRES+: Strong detections of CO, H2_2O and Fe emission lines and a C//O consistent with solar

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    The characterization of exoplanet atmospheres has proven to be successful using high-resolution spectroscopy. Phase curve observations of hot/ultra-hot Jupiters can reveal their compositions and thermal structures, thereby allowing the detection of molecules and atoms in the planetary atmosphere using the cross-correlation technique. We present pre-eclipse observations of the ultra-hot Jupiter, MASCARA-1b, observed with the recently upgraded CRIRES+ high-resolution infrared spectrograph at the VLT. We report a detection of Fe\rm Fe (\approx8.3σ\sigma) in the K-band and confirm previous detections of CO\rm CO (>15σ\sigma) and H2O\rm H_2O (>10σ\sigma) in the day-side atmosphere of MASCARA-1b. Using a Bayesian inference framework, we retrieve the abundances of the detected species and constrain planetary orbital velocities, TT-PP profiles, and the carbon-to-oxygen ratio (C/O\rm C/O). A free retrieval results in an elevated CO\rm CO abundance (log10\log_{10}(χ12CO\chi_{\rm{{}^{12}CO}}) = 2.850.69+0.57-2.85^{+0.57}_{-0.69}), leading to a super-solar C/O\rm C/O ratio. More realistically, allowing for vertically-varying chemistry in the atmosphere by incorporating a chemical-equilibrium model results in a C/O\rm C/O of 0.680.22+0.120.68^{+0.12}_{-0.22} and a metallicity of [M/H]=0.620.55+0.28[\rm M/H] = 0.62^{+0.28}_{-0.55}, both consistent with solar values. Finally, we also report a slight offset of the Fe\rm Fe feature in both Kp_{\rm p} and vsys_{\rm sys} that could be a signature of atmospheric dynamics. Due to the 3D structure of exoplanet atmospheres and the exclusion of time/phase dependence in our 1D forward models, further follow-up observations and analysis are required to confirm or refute this result.Comment: 21 pages, 18 figures, 4 tables, accepted for publication in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Societ

    Maximum Edge-Disjoint Paths in kk-sums of Graphs

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    We consider the approximability of the maximum edge-disjoint paths problem (MEDP) in undirected graphs, and in particular, the integrality gap of the natural multicommodity flow based relaxation for it. The integrality gap is known to be Ω(n)\Omega(\sqrt{n}) even for planar graphs due to a simple topological obstruction and a major focus, following earlier work, has been understanding the gap if some constant congestion is allowed. In this context, it is natural to ask for which classes of graphs does a constant-factor constant-congestion property hold. It is easy to deduce that for given constant bounds on the approximation and congestion, the class of "nice" graphs is nor-closed. Is the converse true? Does every proper minor-closed family of graphs exhibit a constant factor, constant congestion bound relative to the LP relaxation? We conjecture that the answer is yes. One stumbling block has been that such bounds were not known for bounded treewidth graphs (or even treewidth 3). In this paper we give a polytime algorithm which takes a fractional routing solution in a graph of bounded treewidth and is able to integrally route a constant fraction of the LP solution's value. Note that we do not incur any edge congestion. Previously this was not known even for series parallel graphs which have treewidth 2. The algorithm is based on a more general argument that applies to kk-sums of graphs in some graph family, as long as the graph family has a constant factor, constant congestion bound. We then use this to show that such bounds hold for the class of kk-sums of bounded genus graphs

    Spectroscopy of 18^{18}Na: Bridging the two-proton radioactivity of 19^{19}Mg

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    The unbound nucleus 18^{18}Na, the intermediate nucleus in the two-proton radioactivity of 19^{19}Mg, was studied by the measurement of the resonant elastic scattering reaction 17^{17}Ne(p,17^{17}Ne)p performed at 4 A.MeV. Spectroscopic properties of the low-lying states were obtained in a R-matrix analysis of the excitation function. Using these new results, we show that the lifetime of the 19^{19}Mg radioactivity can be understood assuming a sequential emission of two protons via low energy tails of 18^{18}Na resonances
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