Communicating future overheating risks to building design practitioners:Using the Low Carbon Futures tool

The Low Carbon Futures tool provides a probabilistic assessment of future overheating risks and cooling demands for domestic and nondomestic buildings in the UK. The approach adopted for the development of the Low Carbon Futures tool includes academic rigour within the development of the calculation engine, and also practitioner feedback throughout the process. This paper discusses the journey of the tool from modelling and simulation to the practitioner engagement, which took place by means of a questionnaire, focus groups and interviews with building design professionals aimed at understanding how the issue of overheating in buildings is being addressed. Throughout these events, the synergies between designing for low-carbon targets and designing for a future climate were explored. A final dissemination event was held to identify output styles that could be generated by the Low Carbon Futures tool that would be more practical and useful for specific client types. The workshop discussions serve to shape the outputs from the tool, and the feedback gathered will be used to inform a number of output styles, based on client type. Practical application: This paper outlines the development of the Low Carbon Futures tool for analysing overheating risks in buildings and discusses the practitioner feedback obtained from industry professionals on the use and applicability of the tool, in a final event hosted by the Low Carbon Futures research team in London. This event confirmed that practitioners need to be comfortable with the layout and format of the output in order to communicate its meaning and possible implications to a range of clients. A balanced output is required, which conveys some of the complexity of the underlying analysis, but which is easily understood and conveyed to a potentially lay audience. </jats:p

Methodology of urban-design plan for supporting community development

制度:新 ; 文部省報告番号:乙1763号 ; 学位の種類:博士(工学) ; 授与年月日:2003/3/6 ; 早大学位記番号:新355

Liquid migration in shear thickening suspensions flowing through constrictions

Dense particulate suspensions often become more dilute as they move downstream through a constriction. We find that as a shear-thickening suspension is extruded through a narrow die and undergoes such liquid migration, the extrudate maintains a steady concentration $\phi_c$, independent of time or initial concentration. This concentration $\phi_c$ varies with volumetric flow rate $Q$ and die radius $r_{\rm d}$, but at low $Q$ collapses onto a universal function of $Q/r_{\rm d}^3$, a characteristic shear rate in the die. We explain quantitatively the onset of liquid migration in extrusion by coupling a recent model for discontinuous shear thickening and the `suspension balance model' for solvent permeation through particles.Comment: 5 pages, 5 figure

Avaliação de argamassas colantes por reometria rotacional

As argamassas colantes são produtos constituídos por areia natural ou artificial, ligantes (cimento) e aditivos químicos que cumprem uma função de adesivo para assentamento de revestimentos em pisos e paredes. Atualmente, a avaliação em campo sobre a mistura do produto é efetuada de forma empírica. O aplicador (pedreiro) determina, por meios de aspectos sensoriais, a facilidade ou a dificuldade de mistura, classificando a argamassa em pesada, leve, macia, de fácil ou de difícil mistura, etc. Porém, essas descrições são subjetivas e é difícil de mensurar quantitativamente a aplicabilidade do produto, além do que induzem a erros de avaliação, pois cada aplicador pode ter uma percepção diferente. O propósito deste trabalho foi medir, através da reometria rotacional, duas composições para avaliar o comportamento de mistura e reológico de forma quantitativa. Foram utilizadas duas argamassas colantes de mercado do tipo ACI (Argamassa Colante do Tipo I) e ACIII (Argamassa Colante do Tipo III), as quais foram submetidas a ensaios de reometria rotacional, variando-se o teor de água. Os resultados desta pesquisa demonstram que o tempo de mistura de 150 s é eficiente e suficiente para homogeneizar e estabilizar as argamassas testadas, e que a argamassa do tipo ACI apresenta maior dificuldade de mistura e resulta em uma suspensão com maior viscosidade e tensão de escoamento do que a argamassa ACIII. Este estudo mostra a aplicação e os resultados inéditos de reometria rotacional para avaliação do comportamento reológico de argamassas colantes. Essa transferência do conhecimento visa ampliar os horizontes sobre os comportamentos dos materiais de construção civil para melhorar o desempenho de aplicação e avaliação da argamassa no estado fresco

An International Comparison of Presentation, Outcomes and CORONET Predictive Score Performance in Patients with Cancer Presenting with COVID-19 across Different Pandemic Waves.

Patients with cancer have been shown to have increased risk of COVID-19 severity. We previously built and validated the COVID-19 Risk in Oncology Evaluation Tool (CORONET) to predict the likely severity of COVID-19 in patients with active cancer who present to hospital. We assessed the differences in presentation and outcomes of patients with cancer and COVID-19, depending on the wave of the pandemic. We examined differences in features at presentation and outcomes in patients worldwide, depending on the waves of the pandemic: wave 1 D614G (n = 1430), wave 2 Alpha (n = 475), and wave 4 Omicron variant (n = 63, UK and Spain only). The performance of CORONET was evaluated on 258, 48, and 54 patients for each wave, respectively. We found that mortality rates were reduced in subsequent waves. The majority of patients were vaccinated in wave 4, and 94% were treated with steroids if they required oxygen. The stages of cancer and the median ages of patients significantly differed, but features associated with worse COVID-19 outcomes remained predictive and did not differ between waves. The CORONET tool performed well in all waves, with scores in an area under the curve (AUC) of &gt;0.72. We concluded that patients with cancer who present to hospital with COVID-19 have similar features of severity, which remain discriminatory despite differences in variants and vaccination status. Survival improved following the first wave of the pandemic, which may be associated with vaccination and the increased steroid use in those patients requiring oxygen. The CORONET model demonstrated good performance, independent of the SARS-CoV-2 variants