Integrative transcriptome and proteome analyses define marked differences between Neospora caninum isolates throughout the tachyzoite lytic cycle

Neospora caninum is one of the main causes of transmissible abortion in cattle. Intraspecific variations in virulence have been widely shown among N. caninum isolates. However, the molecular basis governing such variability have not been elucidated to date. In this study label free LC-MS/MS was used to investigate proteome differences between the high virulence isolate Nc-Spain7 and the low virulence isolate Nc-Spain1H throughout the tachyzoite lytic cycle. The results showed greater differences in the abundance of proteins at invasion and egress with 77 and 62 proteins, respectively. During parasite replication, only 19 proteins were differentially abundant between isolates. The microneme protein repertoire involved in parasite invasion and egress was more abundant in the Nc-Spain1H isolate, which displays a lower invasion rate. Rhoptry and dense granule proteins, proteins related to metabolism and stress responses also showed differential abundances between isolates. Comparative RNA-Seq analyses during tachyzoite egress were also performed, revealing an expression profile of genes associated with the bradyzoite stage in the low virulence Nc-Spain1H isolate. The differences in proteome and RNA expression profiles between these two isolates reveal interesting insights into likely mechanisms involved in specific phenotypic traits and virulence in N. caninum. Significance The molecular basis that governs biological variability in N. caninum and the pathogenesis of neosporosis has not been well-established yet. This is the first study in which high throughput technology of LC-MS/MS and RNA-Seq is used to investigate differences in the proteome and transcriptome between two well-characterized isolates. Both isolates displayed different proteomes throughout the lytic cycle and the transcriptomes also showed marked variations but were inconsistent with the proteome results. However, both datasets identified a pre-bradyzoite status of the low virulence isolate Nc-Spain1H. This study reveals interesting insights into likely mechanisms involved in virulence in N. caninum and shed light on a subset of proteins that are potentially involved in the pathogenesis of this parasite

The Internal-External Security Nexus and EU Police/Rule of Law Missions in the Western Balkans

Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP) police/rule of law missions in the Western Balkans are increasingly guided by externally imposed normative agendas that respond primarily to EU internal security needs rather than functional imperatives or local realities. In line with these needs, EU police reform efforts tend to prioritise effectiveness and crime fighting over longer- term democratic policing and good governance reforms. In practice this means that police reform initiatives are technocratically oriented, yet value ridden fitting EU security concerns and needs. As a result, the police reform process can be—and often is—disconnected from the political and socio-economic reforms necessary for long-term stability and sustainable peace. Police assistance in Bosnia and Herzegovina has been shaped by a determined albeit questionable focus on organised crime and corruption. The focus of EU police reform in Macedonia on primarily crime-fighting aspects of policing has compromised the functioning of the Macedonian police. Similarly, the politics of (non-)recognition of Kosovo's self-proclaimed independence and the intrusiveness of EULEX Kosovo's executive mandate contravene meeting local challenges

Proteomic Characterization of Host-Pathogen Interactions during Bovine Trophoblast Cell Line Infection by

Despite the importance of bovine neosporosis, relevant knowledge gaps remain concerning the pathogenic mechanisms of . Infection of the placenta is a crucial event in the pathogenesis of the disease; however, very little is known about the relation of the parasite with this target organ. Recent studies have shown that isolates with important variations in virulence also show different interactions with the bovine trophoblast cell line F3 in terms of proliferative capacity and transcriptome host cell modulation. Herein, we used the same model of infection to study the interaction of with these target cells at the proteomic level using LC-MS/MS over the course of the parasite lytic cycle. We also analysed the proteome differences between high- (Nc-Spain7) and low-virulence (Nc-Spain1H) isolates. The results showed that mitochondrial processes and metabolism were the main points of -host interactions. Interestingly, Nc-Spain1H infection showed a higher level of influence on the host cell proteome than Nc-Spain7 infection

Innate Mathematical Characteristics and Number Sense Competencies of Junior High School Students

The study determined the influence of innate mathematical characteristics on the number sense competencies of junior high school students in a Philippine public school. The descriptive-correlational research design was used to accomplish the study involving a nonrandom sample of sixty 7th-grade students attending synchronous math sessions. Data obtained from the math-specific Learning Style and Self-Efficacy questionnaires and the modified Number Sense Test (NST) were analyzed and interpreted using descriptive statistics, Pearson’s Chi-Square, and Simple Linear Regression analysis. The research instruments and statistics were all validated and tested for reliability. The analysis revealed that the students are virtual learners, had no or slight self-efficacy, and their number sense competency level is poor. They encountered difficulty in all the components and domains of the NST. Moreover, the students’ mathematical self-efficacy is significantly related and may influence their number sense competency level. Building upon the learners’ self-efficacy to further their understanding and skills in number sense is necessary

Experiencias de largo plazo para el manejo de una hierba invasora de pastizales : el caso de Hieracium pilosella L. en la Estepa Fueguina

135-144Las experiencias de largo plazo son poco frecuentes en los estudios sobre manejo de especies invasoras y resultan claves para comprender la efectividad de los controles. En este trabajo, revisitamos un experimento instalado hace más de siete años, para evaluar diferentes alternativas de control (inter-siembra de pasturas, fertilizaciones y aplicación de herbicidas selectivos y no selectivos) bajo dos condiciones de pastoreo (con y sin pastoreo) en pastizales de Tierra del Fuego invadidos por la maleza exótica Hieracium pilosella L. (velosilla, Asteraceae). Con el fin de evaluar los efectos de los tratamientos aplicados hace siete años, se midió la cobertura de la especie invasora, de las formas de vida dominantes y del suelo desnudo. Los efectos de la fertilización dependieron de las condiciones de pastoreo; la cobertura de H. pilosella luego de siete años disminuyó en más de un 82 por ciento y fue reemplazada por otras hierbas (mayormente especies naturalizadas y de valor forrajero) en las parcelas fertilizadas y sin pastoreo doméstico, mientras que no hubo cambios en las parcelas fertilizadas y pastoreadas. Por otro lado, ambos herbicidas (selectivos y no selectivos) redujeron la cobertura de H. pilosella en ca. 90 por ciento luego de siete años, independientemente del pastoreo. Sin embargo, la aplicación del herbicida no selectivo determinó un aumento de la cobertura de suelo desnudo de hasta un 15 por ciento. Con la aplicación del herbicida selectivo, por el contrario, la cobertura de graminoides aumentó hasta casi un 60 por ciento y la cobertura de suelo descubierto se mantuvo por debajo del 2 por ciento. Estos resultados permiten sugerir que una estrategia de control basada en la aplicación local de herbicidas selectivos y-o fertilizaciones con exclusiones temporarias del ganado ovino reduce la cobertura de la maleza invasora a escala local y a mediano plazo

Superconductivity in Undoped BaFe2As2 by Tetrahedral Geometry Design

Fe-based superconductors exhibit a diverse interplay between charge, orbital, and magnetic ordering1-4. Variations in atomic geometry affect electron hopping between Fe atoms5,6 and the Fermi surface topology, influencing magnetic frustration and the pairing mechanism through changes of orbital overlap and occupancies7-11. Here, we experimentally demonstrate a systematic approach to realize superconductivity without chemical doping in BaFe2As2, employing geometric design within an epitaxial heterostructure. We control both tetragonality and orthorhombicity in BaFe2As2 through superlattice engineering, which we experimentally find to induce superconductivity when the As-Fe-As bond angle approaches that in a regular tetrahedron. This approach of superlattice design could lead to insights into low dimensional superconductivity in Fe-based superconductors

Experiencias de largo plazo para el manejo de una hierba invasora de pastizales : el caso de Hieracium pilosella L. en la Estepa Fueguina

135-144Las experiencias de largo plazo son poco frecuentes en los estudios sobre manejo de especies invasoras y resultan claves para comprender la efectividad de los controles. En este trabajo, revisitamos un experimento instalado hace más de siete años, para evaluar diferentes alternativas de control (inter-siembra de pasturas, fertilizaciones y aplicación de herbicidas selectivos y no selectivos) bajo dos condiciones de pastoreo (con y sin pastoreo) en pastizales de Tierra del Fuego invadidos por la maleza exótica Hieracium pilosella L. (velosilla, Asteraceae). Con el fin de evaluar los efectos de los tratamientos aplicados hace siete años, se midió la cobertura de la especie invasora, de las formas de vida dominantes y del suelo desnudo. Los efectos de la fertilización dependieron de las condiciones de pastoreo; la cobertura de H. pilosella luego de siete años disminuyó en más de un 82 por ciento y fue reemplazada por otras hierbas (mayormente especies naturalizadas y de valor forrajero) en las parcelas fertilizadas y sin pastoreo doméstico, mientras que no hubo cambios en las parcelas fertilizadas y pastoreadas. Por otro lado, ambos herbicidas (selectivos y no selectivos) redujeron la cobertura de H. pilosella en ca. 90 por ciento luego de siete años, independientemente del pastoreo. Sin embargo, la aplicación del herbicida no selectivo determinó un aumento de la cobertura de suelo desnudo de hasta un 15 por ciento. Con la aplicación del herbicida selectivo, por el contrario, la cobertura de graminoides aumentó hasta casi un 60 por ciento y la cobertura de suelo descubierto se mantuvo por debajo del 2 por ciento. Estos resultados permiten sugerir que una estrategia de control basada en la aplicación local de herbicidas selectivos y-o fertilizaciones con exclusiones temporarias del ganado ovino reduce la cobertura de la maleza invasora a escala local y a mediano plazo

Evaluation of Moringa oleífera in the water treatment with high turbidity and organic

[ES] El presente trabajo evalúa la eficiencia del uso de la Moringa oleífera (M.O) como coagulante en el tratamiento de aguas de alta turbidez y carga orgánica. Inicialmente los resultados demostraron que el coagulante a base de las semillas de M.O pre-tratada con cloruro de sodio (NaCl 1.0 N) y usando una dosis de 0.74 g/L, alcanza remociones de 87.3% y 88.8% para turbidez y sólidos suspendidos totales (SST), asimismo valores de 25.9% y 26.3% para DBO5 y DQO respectivamente. En una segunda etapa, el coagulante, sometido a extracción Soxhlet y dosis de 0.5 g/L, muestran máximas eficiencia de 97.8%, 89.99%, 51.4% y 35.3% en la remoción de turbidez, SST, DQO y DBO5. Las más altas eficiencias obtenidas fueron alcanzadas mediante la previa extracción de aceites, grasas y otros componentes de la semilla de M.O. Estudios relacionados al reaprovechamiento de sub-productos de la extracción deben ser realizados.[EN] In this study, the removal efficiency of Moringa Oleifera (M.O) seed as coagulant in the treatment of highly loaded wastewater in terms of turbidity and organic matter was evaluated. Initially the results showed removals of 87.3% and 88.8% for turbidity and total suspended solids (TSS) and 25.9% and 26.3% for BOD5 and COD respectively, when the seeds of M.O were pre-treated with sodium chloride (NaCl 1.0 N) and used as coagulant at a dose of 0.74 g/L. In a second stage, the natural coagulants previously subjected to Soxhlet extraction were compared, the results showed maximum efficiency with 0.5 g/L of the seed of M.O, with values of 97.8%, 9.99%, 51.4% and 35.3% in the removal of turbidity, TSS, COD and BOD5, respectively. The highest efficiencies were achieved through the prior extraction of oils, fats and other components of the M.O seed. Studies related to the reuse of extraction by-products should be performed.Mejía Carrillo, PW.; Urquia Collantes, K.; Cabello Torres, RJ.; Valdiviezo Gonzales, LG. (2020). Evaluación de la Moringa oleifera en el tratamiento de aguas con alta turbidez y carga orgánica. Ingeniería del agua. 24(2):119-127. https://doi.org/10.4995/ia.2020.12274OJS119127242Adinolfi, M., Corsaro, M. M., Lanzetta, R., Parrilli, M., Folkard, G., Grant, W., Sutherland, J. 1994. Composition of the coagulant polysaccharide fraction from Strychnos potatorum seeds. Carbohydrate research, 263(1), 103-110. https://doi.org/10.1016/0008-6215(94)00149-9Amran, A., Syamimi Zaidi, N., Muda, K., Wai Loan, L. 2018. Effectiveness of Natural Coagulant in Coagulation Process: A Review. International Journal of Engineering & Technology, 7(3.9), 34. https://doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.9.15269Bongiovani, M. C., Camacho, F. P., Nishi, L., Coldebella, P. F., Valverde, K. C., Vieira, A. M., Bergamasco, R. 2014. Improvement of the coagulation/flocculation process using a combination of Moringa oleifera lam with anionic polymer in water treatment. Environmental Technology. 35(17), 2227-2236. https://doi.org/10.1080/09593330.2014.899398Camacho, F. P., Sousa, V. S., Bergamasco, R., Teixeira, M. R. 2017. The use of Moringa oleifera as a natural coagulant in surface water treatment. Chemical Engineering Journal. 313(1), 226-237. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2016.12.031Crapper, D. R., Krishnan, S. S., Dalton, A. J. 1973. Brain aluminum distribution in Alzheimer's disease and experimental neurofibrillary degeneration. Science, 180(4085), 511-513. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.180.4085.511Eman, N. A., Tan, C. S., Makky, E. A. 2014. Impact of Moringa oleifera Cake Residue Application on Waste Water Treatment: A Case Study. Journal of Water Resource and Protection, 6(7), 677-687. https://doi.org/10.4236/jwarp.2014.67065Fersi, C., Gamra, B., Bozrati, H., Gorgi, C., Irmani, A. 2018. Characterizing the performance of coagulation-flocculation using natural coagulants as pretreatment of tannery wastewater. Journal of Materials and Environmental Sciences, 9(8), 2379-2386. Obtenido de https://www.jmaterenvironsci.com/Document/vol9/vol9_N8/262-JMES-4022-Fersi.pdfFreitas, T. K. F. S., Almeida, C. A., Manholer, D. D., Geraldino, H. C. L., De Sousa, M. T. F., Garcia, J. C. 2018. Review of Utilization Plant-Based Coagulants as Alternatives to Textile Wastewater Treatment. In: Textile Science and Clothing Technology (MUTHU, S. ed.) Detox Fashion, Springer, Singapore, 27-47. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-4780-0_2Garcia-Fayos, B., Arnal, J.M.., Sancho, M., Rodrigo, I. 2016. Moringa oleifera for drinking water treatment: influence of the solvent and method used in oilextraction on the coagulant efficiency of the seed extract. Desalination and water treatment, 57(48-49), 23397-23404. https://doi.org/10.1080/19443994.2015.1137144Keogh, M. B., Elmusharaf, K., Borde, P., McGuigan, K.G. 2017. Evaluation of the natural coagulant Moringa oleifera as a pretreatment for SODIS in contaminated turbid water. Solar Energy, 158, 448-454. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2017.10.010Kristianto, H. (2017). The Potency of Indonesia Native Plants as Natural Coagulant: a Mini Review. Water Conservation Science and Engineering, 2(2), 51-60. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41101-017-0024-4Kumar, V., Othman, N., Asharuddin, S. 2017. Applications of Natural Coagulants to Treat Wastewater − A Review. MATEC web conferences, 103(06016), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201710306016Kwaambwa, H. M., Rennie, A. R. 2011. Interactions of surfactants with a water treatment protein from Moringa oleifera seeds in solution studied by zeta-potential and light scattering measurements. Biopolymers, 97(4), 209-218. https://doi.org/10.1002/bip.22014Lee, C. S., Robinson, J., Chong, M. F. 2014. A review on application of flocculants in wastewater treatment. Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 92, 489-508. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2014.04.010Lédo, P. G., Lima, R. F., Paulo, J. B., Duarte, M. A. 2009. Estudio Comparativo de Sulfato de Aluminio y Semillas de Moringa oleifera para la Depuración de Aguas con Baja Turbiedad. Información Tecnológica, 20(5), 3-12. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-07642009000500002Liew, A. G., Noor, J. M., Muyibi, S.A., Fugara, A. M., Muhammed, T. A., Iyuke, S. E. 2006. Surface water clarification using M. oleifera seeds. International Journal of Environmental Studies, 63(2), 211-219. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207230500117670Macías, M. R., Domínguez, Y. D., Y., Muñoz, S.R., Alvarez, B.G., B., Santana E, F., García, D.T. 2017. Empleo de semillas de Moringa oleifera en el tratamiento de residuales líquidos. Ingeniería Hidráulica y Ambiental, 38(2), 87-101. Obtenido de http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1680-03382017000200007&lng=es&tlng=es.Matilainen, A., Vepsäläinen, M., Sillanpää, M. 2010. Natural organic matter removal by coagulation during drinking water treatment: a review. Advances in Colloid and Interface Science, 159(2), 189-197. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cis.2010.06.007MVCS. 2006. Reglamento Nacional de edificaciones, DS N° 011-2006- VIVIENDA: Ministerio de Vivienda Construcción y Saneamiento. Obtenido de http://www3.vivienda.gob.pe/Direcciones/Documentos/RNE_Actualizado_Solo_Saneamiento.pdfNdabigengesere, A., Narasiah, K. S. 1998. Quality of Water Treated by Coagulation Using Moringa oleifera Seeds. Water Research: 32(3), 781-791. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0043-1354(97)00295-9Nkurunziza, T., Nduwayezu, J. B., Banadda, E. N., Nhapi, I. 2009. The effect of turbidity levels and Moringa oleifera concentration on the effectiveness of coagulation in water treatment. Water Science & Technology, 59(8), 1551-1558. https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2009.155Okuda, T., Baes, A. U., Nishijima, W., Okada, M. 1999. Improvement of extraction method of coagulation active components from Moringa oleifera seed. Water Research, 33(15), 3373-3378. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0043-1354(99)00046-9Petersen, H. H., Petersen, T. B., Enemark, H. L., Olsen, A., Dalsgaard, A. 2016. Removal of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts in low quality water using Moringa oleifera seed extract as coagulant. Food and Waterborne Parasitology, 3, 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fawpar.2016.03.002Pritchard, M., Craven, T., Mkandawire, T., Edmondson, A. S., O'neill, J. G. 2010. A comparison between Moringa oleifera and chemical coagulants in the purification of drinking water - An alternative sustainable solution for developing countries. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C, 35(13-14), 798-805. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pce.2010.07.014Sengul, A. B., Ersan, G., Tufekci, N. 2018. Removal of intra and extracellular microcystin by submerged ultrafiltration (UF) membrane combined with coagulation/flocculation and powdered activated carbon (PAC) adsorption. Journal of Hazard Materials. 343, 29-35, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2017.09.018SUNASS. 2008. Estudio Diagnostico situacional de los sistemas de tratamiento de aguas residuales en las EPS del Perú y Propuestas de solución: Superintendencia Nacional de Servicios de Saneamiento. Obtenido de https://www.sunass.gob.pe/doc/Publicaciones/libro_ptar_gtz_sunass.pdfSUNASS. 2015. Diagnóstico de las plantas de tratamiento de aguas residuales en el ámbito de operación de las entidades prestadoras de servicios de saneamiento: Superintendencia Nacional de Servicios de Saneamiento Obtenido de https://www.sunass.gob.pe/doc/Publicaciones/libro_ptar_gtz_sunass.pdfChoumane, F.Z., Benguella, B., Maachou, B., Saadi, N. 2017. Valorisation of a bioflocculant and hydroxyapatites as coagulationflocculation adjuvants in wastewater treatment of the steppe in the wilaya of Saida (Algeria). Ecological Engineering, 107, 152-159. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2017.07.01

Transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells exerts a greater long-term effect than bone marrow mononuclear cells in a chronic myocardial infarction model in rat

The aim of this study is to assess the long-term effect of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) transplantation in a rat model of chronic myocardial infarction (MI) in comparison with the effect of bone marrow mononuclear cells (BM-MNC) transplant. Five weeks after induction of MI, rats were allocated to receive intramyocardial injection of 106 GFP-expressing cells (BM-MNC or MSC) or medium as control. Heart function (echocardiography and 18F-FDG-microPET) and histological studies were performed 3 months after transplantation and cell fate was analyzed along the experiment (1 and 2 weeks and 1 and 3 months). The main findings of this study were that both BM-derived populations, BM-MNC and MSC, induced a long-lasting (3 months) improvement in LVEF (BM-MNC: 26.61 ± 2.01% to 46.61 ± 3.7%, p < 0.05; MSC: 27.5 ± 1.28% to 38.8 ± 3.2%, p < 0.05) but remarkably, only MSC improved tissue metabolism quantified by 18FFDG uptake (71.15 ± 1.27 to 76.31 ± 1.11, p < 0.01), which was thereby associated with a smaller infarct size and scar collagen content and also with a higher revascularization degree. Altogether, results show that MSC provides a long-term superior benefit than whole BM-MNC transplantation in a rat model of chronic MI