Mapping of QTLs for morpho-agronomic and seed quality traits in a RIL population of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

The objective of this research was to determine the quantitative trait loci (QTLs) controlling phenological traits (days to Xowering, days to end of Xowering, days to harvest as green pod, and days to maturity), seed size traits (seed length, seed height, seed width, and seed weight), and seed quality traits (water absorption, and coat proportion), in common bean. A population of 104 F7 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from an inter-gene pool cross between Xana, and Cornell 49242, was used to develop a genetic linkage map including 175 AFLPs, 27 microsatellites, 30 SCARs, 33 ISSRs, 12 RAPDs, 13 loci codifying for seed proteins, and the four genes Fin,Wn (growth habit); Asp,asp (seed coat shininess); P,p (seed color); and I,i (resistance to bean common mosaic virus). The map has a total length of 1,042 cM distributed across 11 linkage groups aligned to those of the core linkage map of bean using common molecular markers as anchor points. The QTL analyses were carried out over three environments using the mean environment data with composite interval mapping. Thirty-one QTLs for ten traits were found to be signiWcant in at least one environment and in the mean environment data, the number of signiWcant QTLs identi- Wed per trait ranging from two to Wve. Twenty-seven of these QTLs mapped forming clusters in eight diVerent chromosomal regions. The rationale for this clustered mapping and the possible relationship between some QTLs for phenological traits and the genes Fin and I are discussed

Effects of dissipation in an adiabatic quantum search algorithm

We consider the effect of two different environments on the performance of the quantum adiabatic search algorithm, a thermal bath at finite temperature, and a structured environment similar to the one encountered in systems coupled to the electromagnetic field that exists within a photonic crystal. While for all the parameter regimes explored here, the algorithm performance is worsened by the contact with a thermal environment, the picture appears to be different when considering a structured environment. In this case we show that, by tuning the environment parameters to certain regimes, the algorithm performance can actually be improved with respect to the closed system case. Additionally, the relevance of considering the dissipation rates as complex quantities is discussed in both cases. More particularly, we find that the imaginary part of the rates can not be neglected with the usual argument that it simply amounts to an energy shift, and in fact influences crucially the system dynamics.Comment: 18 pages, 9 figure

Artificial intelligence in wind speed forecasting: a review

Wind energy production has had accelerated growth in recent years, reaching an annual increase of 17% in 2021. Wind speed plays a crucial role in the stability required for power grid operation. However, wind intermittency makes accurate forecasting a complicated process. Implementing new technologies has allowed the development of hybrid models and techniques, improving wind speed forecasting accuracy. Additionally, statistical and artificial intelligence methods, especially artificial neural networks, have been applied to enhance the results. However, there is a concern about identifying the main factors influencing the forecasting process and providing a basis for estimation with artificial neural network models. This paper reviews and classifies the forecasting models used in recent years according to the input model type, the pre-processing and post-processing technique, the artificial neural network model, the prediction horizon, the steps ahead number, and the evaluation metric. The research results indicate that artificial neural network (ANN)-based models can provide accurate wind forecasting and essential information about the specific location of potential wind use for a power plant by understanding the future wind speed values

Probing the innermost regions of AGN jets and their magnetic fields with RadioAstron II. Observations of 3C 273 at minimum activity

RadioAstron is a 10 m orbiting radio telescope mounted on the Spektr-R satellite, launched in 2011, performing Space Very Long Baseline Interferometry (SVLBI) observations supported by a global ground array of radio telescopes. With an apogee of about 350 000 km, it is offering for the first time the possibility to perform {\mu}as-resolution imaging in the cm-band. We present observations at 22 GHz of 3C 273, performed in 2014, designed to reach a maximum baseline of approximately nine Earth diameters. Reaching an angular resolution of 0.3 mas, we study a particularly low-activity state of the source, and estimate the nuclear region brightness temperature, comparing with the extreme one detected one year before during the RadioAstron early science period. We also make use of the VLBA-BU-BLAZAR survey data, at 43 GHz, to study the kinematics of the jet in a 1.5-year time window. We find that the nuclear brightness temperature is two orders of magnitude lower than the exceptionally high value detected in 2013 with RadioAstron at the same frequency (1.4x10^13 K, source-frame), and even one order of magnitude lower than the equipartition value. The kinematics analysis at 43 GHz shows that a new component was ejected 2 months after the 2013 epoch, visible also in our 22 GHz map presented here. Consequently this was located upstream of the core during the brightness temperature peak. These observations confirm that the previously detected extreme brightness temperature in 3C 273, exceeding the inverse Compton limit, is a short-lived phenomenon caused by a temporary departure from equipartition. Thus, the availability of interferometric baselines capable of providing {\mu}as angular resolution does not systematically imply measured brightness temperatures over the known physical limits for astrophysical sources.Comment: Accepted for publication in A&

Coal pit lakes in abandoned mining areas in León (NW Spain): characteristics and geoecological significance

1-14 pMining activity introduces severe changes in landscapes and, subsequently, in land uses. One of the most singular changes is the existence of pit lakes, which occur in active and, more frequently, abandoned mines. Pit lakes are produced by water table interception when open-pit mines deepen. Their characteristics are highly variable, depending on the type of mine, the environment or the climate. In León province there is a long tradition of coal mining that dates back to the nineteenth century, and hundreds of open pits from the 1970s to 2018 have been opened, producing permanent landscape changes. This work analyses the main parameters, including morphological measurements, depth and pH values obtained from aerial photos and field work, of 76 coal pit lakes more than 30 m in length. The vast majority of these pit lakes were unknown until now and were not included in inventories or maps. The data obtained provide baseline knowledge that will allow, in the future, potential uses (storage of water for various uses, recreational use, wildlife habitat, and geological heritage sites) for these pit lakes and establish their importance as a new geoecological environment.S

Effect of different degrees of water stress on the olive`s size and on the formation of oil

En el olivar de secano la climatología está íntimamente relacionada con el crecimiento de las aceitunas y de forma muy especial la pluviometría. Es sabido que cuando se retrasan las primeras lluvias otoñales, los rendimientos grasos de la campaña se ven afectados negativamente. El presente trabajo ha pretendido evaluar el efecto de distintos grados de estrés hídrico sobre la calidad y tamaño del fruto, así como sobre el rendimiento graso. Se ha estudiado la influencia del estrés hídrico prolongado durante el año 2016, donde las lluvias de otoño se produjeron de forma tardía en un olivar comercial adulto, homogéneo, cv `Manzanilla de Sevilla´, con una densidad de plantación de 408 árboles/ha y un volumen de copa de 11.000 m3/ha, ubicado en la provincia de Córdoba. Los olivos se han sometido a tres estrategias de riego en función del potencial hídrico en hoja destapada, a mediodía, medido con cámara de presión, y considerando un tratamiento en condiciones de secano. Los cuatro tratamientos han sido los siguientes: ‐ ETcmax: Riego con aporte variable según el balance de agua (ETc ‐Precipitación efectiva). ‐ RDC1 (riego deficitario controlado 1), manteniendo unos valores de potencial hídrico a mediodía entre ‐4 y ‐5 MPa. ‐ RDC2: (riego deficitario controlado 2), manteniendo unos valores de potencial hídrico a mediodía superior a ‐6 MPa. ‐ Secano. El diseño experimental ha sido en bloque al azar, con 4 repeticiones por tratamiento y parcelas elementales de 16 olivos, con control en los 4 centrales y doble línea guarda. No existieron diferencias en los volúmenes de copa de partida entre tratamientos. El crecimiento del fruto se ha visto afectado claramente por el estrés hídrico (potencial hídrico inferior a ‐4 MPa aprox.), de manera que cuando éste es severo y se mantiene en el tiempo, el crecimiento del fruto llega incluso a detenerse, primero en secano y posteriormente en los tratamientos con riego deficitario RDC1 y RDC2, lo que puede afectar negativamente al tamaño y la calidad final de la aceituna cuando se destina a aderezo. Igualmente, la lipogénesis se ve notablemente afectada, provocando importantes descensos en el rendimiento graso obtenido en recolección

Development of a Telemetry and Yield-Mapping System of Olive Harvester

Sensors, communication systems and geo-reference units are required to achieve an optimized management of agricultural inputs with respect to the economic and environmental aspects of olive groves. In this study, three commercial olive harvesters were tracked during two harvesting seasons in Spain and Chile using remote and autonomous equipment that was developed to determine their time efficiency and effective based on canopy shaking for fruit detachment. These harvesters work in intensive/high-density (HD) and super-high-density (SHD) olive orchards. A GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) and GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) device was installed to track these harvesters. The GNSS receiver did not affect the driver’s work schedule. Time elements methodology was adapted to the remote data acquisition system. The effective field capacity and field efficiency were investigated. In addition, the field shape, row length, angle between headland alley and row, and row alley width were measured to determinate the optimum orchard design parameters value. The SHD olive harvester showed significant lower effective field capacity values when alley width was less than 4 m. In addition, a yield monitor was developed and installed on a traditional olive harvester to obtain a yield map from the harvested area. The hedge straddle harvester stood out for its highly effective field capacity; nevertheless, a higher field efficiency was provided by a non-integral lateral canopy shaker. All of the measured orchard parameters have influenced machinery yields, whether effective field capacity or field efficiency. A saving of 40% in effective field capacity was achieved with a reduction from 4 m or higher to 3.5 m in alley width for SHD olive harvester. A yield map was plotted using data that were acquired by a yield monitor, reflecting the yield gradient in spite of the larger differences between tree yield

Inventario y caracterización morfológica de lagos y lagunas de alta montaña en las provincias de Palencia y León (España)

High mountain lakes and lagoons are not a typical feature of the landscape of the Iberian Peninsula, but rather an exception in the natural environment, therefore its study and conservation presents great interest. This study arises in order to inventory and characterize a set of seventeen lagoon complex located over the provinces of Palencia and León, without any kind of size restriction. Likewise their basins are described, since they are related with them and they will determine their future evolution. Among other results, it should be noted that, despite they are situated at high altitude, they have a complex and varied hydrological network, denoting the high diversity of these systems. The lithology factor seems to affect significantly to the depth of the studied units, however depth and dimensions of the lakes are strongly related with the specific characteristics of their morphogenesis. In general, studied lakes and lagoons appear to be more fragile to possible alterations in their catchments if they are compared with bigger systems studied in the specialized literature.Los lagos y lagunas de alta montaña no son un rasgo típico del paisaje de la Península Ibérica, sino más bien una excepción en el medio natural, por ello su estudio y conservación presenta gran interés. Este trabajo surge con objeto de inventariar y caracterizar un conjunto de diecisiete complejos lagunares ubicados en las provincias de Palencia y León (Cordillera Cantábrica y Sierra de la Cabrera), sin ningún tipo de restricción por tamaño. Así mismo se describen sus cuencas, ligadas con las masas de agua y que determinarán su futura evolución. Entre otros resultados, cabe señalar que, a pesar de su carácter de cabecera, presentan una red hidrológica compleja y variada, denotando la diversidad de estos sistemas. La composición litológica parece incidir significativamente en la profundidad de las unidades, sin embargo la profundidad y dimensiones de las lagunas dependen en gran medida de las características concretas de su morfogénesis. En general, los lagos y lagunas estudiados parecen ser más frágiles ante posibles alteraciones en sus cuencas al compararlas con otros sistemas de mayor tamaño recogidos en diferentes estudios