Effects of climate on wood formation of Quercus robur L. and Quercus pyrenaica Willd. along a mediterraneity gradient in Galicia: an Integrated analysis using phenology, anatomy, and dendroecology

This Thesis is focused on the study of seasonal dynamics of wood formation and non-structural carbohydrates, as well as on the climatic information contained in tree-ring series, in two ring-porous species with contrasting ecological strategies (Q. robur L. and Q. pyrenaica Willd.) along a water-availability gradient in Galicia. This integrative approach allows us to yield a detailed portrayal of the processes controlling wood formation, and their consequences on tree hydraulic functionality and the carbon balance. This research is particularly concerned about the environmental control of growth, whereby the obtained information is used to ascertain the responses of deciduous oaks to the ongoing environmental change

Evolución de los pacientes con diagnóstico cardiológico prenatal

Las cardiopatías congénitas tienen una incidencia de 9/1000 nacidos vivos, siendo graves en la cuarta parte de los casos. El objetivo del estudio consiste en describir las características de las pacientes remitidas a la consulta de Cardiología Perinatal del Hospital Universitario del Río Hortega. Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo, descriptivo en el que se estudió a una población de mujeres de 237, con un número total de consultas de 478 entre 2007 hasta 2016. La estadística descriptiva de la muestra se realizó por medio del software STATGRAPHICS Centurión XVII. Se realizaron un total de 478 consultas con 237 pacientes diferentes, de distintas provincias de Castilla y León. De las pacientes atendidas un 37,55% vinieron por sospecha de alteración morfológica, seguido de 27,85% por antecedentes familiares, un 16,3% por patología fetal, un 9,28% a demanda, un 5,91% por arritmia, un 1,69% por madre cardiópata y un 1,69% por patología materna. De los cuales el diagnóstico preprenatal ha sido 54,01% normal, 31,22% cardiopatía, 11,39% variante de la normalidad y 3,38% de arritmias. Se realizaron en 15,38% interrupciones voluntarias del embarazo (16 pacientes). Tras la confirmación el 88,89% han nacido en el hospital de origen; un 10% han nacido en el hospital de referencia, un total de 13 pacientes, siendo necesaria cirugía neonatal en 11 de ellos, en uno de ellos se realizó un trasplante cardiaco, 1 cirugía fuera del periodo neonatal y 1 estabilidad clínica sin intervencionismo con una evolución satisfactoria salvo 4 exitus tras cirugía por complicaciones con su enfermedad; y un 1,71%han sido exitus intraútero. Una de las razones más importantes que avalan la ecocardiografía fetal como herramienta para el screening cardiológico prenatal es la posibilidad de realizar un diagnóstico precoz y por consiguiente poder planificar el curso del embarazo y el lugar y el momento del parto si se decide continuar. La capacidad diagnóstica de cardiopatías congénitas se ve mejorada por el trabajo conjuntos entre unidades de cardiología pediátrica y servicios de obstetricia.Grado en Medicin

La fotografía y el territorio como herramienta de aprendizaje. Dos ejemplos prácticos

[EN] The relation between photography and territory during the formative process is the main topic in this researching. Focusing on the territory and enviroment as it depicts into the construction of selfknowkedge and personal develpement during secondary studies. Using the photography as the main tool that brings the opportunity to think over those ideas, as well as the way we construct images and the different possibilities. The researching is developed under the contemporary art context and tools.[ES] La investigación llevada a cabo intenta establecer una relación entre la fotografía y el territorio dentro de la educación secundaria. De este modo, trabajamos con el concepto de territorio como parte fundamental de la formación personal, la autoestima y el conocimiento personal, siendo la fotografía la herramienta que nos permite reflexionar sobre estas ideas, así como sobre la propia construcción de las imágenes y sus diferentes posibilidades. La investigación se desarrolla de un modo práctico introduciendo herramientas y referencias del arte contemporáneo.Fernández Pérez De Lis, J. (2018). La fotografía y el territorio como herramienta de aprendizaje. Dos ejemplos prácticos. En I Congreso Internacional sobre fotografía. Nuevas propuestas en investigación y docencia de la fotografía. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. 237-248. https://doi.org/10.4995/CIFo17.2017.6769OCS23724

Effects of thinning intensity on radial growth patterns and temperature sensitivity in Pinus canariensis afforestations on Tenerife Island, Spain

The final publication is available at Springer via http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13595-011-0125-8The suitability of thinning to prevent forest growth decline from global warming has been 25 scarcely tested in the Macaronesian Canary pine (Pinus canariensis Sweet ex Spreng.). We used tree-ring series from dominant, codominant, and overtopped trees to study the 27 effects of thinning intensity on basal area increments (BAI) and climate sensitivity on windward 28 (wet) and leeward (dry) slopes on Tenerife, Canary Islands. Three replicated blocks of control, 29 light thinning, and heavy thinning stands were set on each slope in 1988, and cores were 30 extracted in 2007. Heavy thinning induced growth release and increased BAI, mainly on dominant and 32 codominant trees, whereas light thinning effects were negligible; their impacts were more intense 33 on windward. Temperature sensitivity was hardly affected by thinning on leeward, where climate 34 control was stronger. On windward, thinning enhanced the influence of summer temperatures. 35 Upper crown classes were overall more sensitive, but overtopped trees responded better in 36 summer. Thinning intensity and aspect greatly influence growth on Canary pine afforestations, but 38 individual responses are highly dependent on crown classes. In addition, thinning may be less 39 effective to modify growth conditions on leeward slopes, at least if it is not intense.We thank A. González, S. Lamas, P. Manso, I. Outeda, B. Rodríguez-Morales and A. Soliño for laboratory assistance, N. Muñoz for statistical advice, and two anonymous reviewers for providing valuable comments on the manuscript. The staff of Corona Forestal Natural Park of Tenerife facilitated site accession. We gratefully acknowledge the effort 380 of staff and technicians that designed and executed the thinning experiment in 1988. V. Rozas benefited by a visiting fellowship to the University of La Laguna, funded by Consellería de Innovación e Industria, Xunta de Galicia, and research contracts by INIA-Xunta de Galicia and 383 CSIC. This research was partially funded by Consellería de Innovación e Industria, Xunta de Galicia (PGIDIT06PXIB502262PR) and INIA, Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (RTA2006-00117)

Slab Tearing Underneath the Bransfield Strait, Antarctica

We conduct a P-wave receiver function analysis of the Bransfield Strait (West Antarctica) to determine the lithospheric structure of this back-arc basin, thanks to 31 temporary and permanent stations. Our main finding is a 15 km tear of the Phoenix slab, coinciding with the location of the 2020–2021 Orca earthquake swarm's epicenters. Teleseismic wave modeling reveals that the two major earthquakes occurred at the base of the crust, suggesting that the swarm could have been triggered by active underplating driven by mantle flow through the slab tear. There is evidence for such an underplating layer at least under Deception Island and for a widespread low velocity zone in the mantle wedge probably undergoing partial melting. We found average crustal thickness (30.5 ± 1.0 km) and Vp/Vs (1.81 ± 0.04) values close to average extended continental crust, although results in the South Shetland Islands are significantly more heterogeneous than in the Antarctic Peninsula.Spanish national projects PID2019-109608GB-100/ SRA/10.13039/501100011033CMT2016-77315-R, the Andalusian regional project A-RNM-421-UGR18FPI Grant PRE2020-092556 (funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and the European Social Fund

Connection between the Jurassic oceanic lithosphere of the Gulf of Cádiz and the Alboran slab imaged by Sp receiver functions

We investigate the lithospheric structure beneath the Gibraltar arc (western Mediterranean) using S-wave receiver functions (SRFs). From a dense network deployed in the Ibero-Maghrebian region during different seismic surveys, we calculated ~11,000 SRFs that sample the upper mantle detecting the lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary (LAB). The observed seismic LAB belongs to different lithospheric domains: Iberian and African forelands, Alboran domain, and Atlantic Ocean. Common conversion point (CCP) migrated profiles show the geometrical relation among them. Under the Strait of Gibraltar, we observe a deep LAB (~150 km). It can be associated with Jurassic-age lithosphere of ~120 km thickness, one of the thickest ever reported in oceanic environments. There is an abrupt offset between the oceanic LAB and the shallow (80-km-deep) continental LAB of the Iberian foreland, suggesting displacement along a former transform fault. The northwestern African continental LAB is 90–100 km deep. The oceanic LAB under the Gibraltar arc continues to ~180 km depth beneath the Alboran Sea, showing the connection between the Alboran slab and the oceanic lithosphere in the central Gulf of Cádiz. This geometry agrees with an ~200-km-wide corridor of oceanic lithosphere between the central Atlantic and the Alpine Tethys, developed during the Middle–Late Jurassic. Our results support the proposed westward rollback of an oceanic east-dipping slab, which has continuity at least to the central Gulf of Cádiz.This work was supported by the Spanish national projects CGL2015-67130-C2-2-R/FEDER and CGL2012-31472

Slip Partitioning in the 2016 Alboran Sea Earthquake Sequence (Western Mediterranean)

This study was supported by FEDER/MINECO projects CGL2015-67130-C2-2-R and PID2019-109608GB-I00, FEDER/Junta de Andalucia project A-RNM-421-UGR18, and is part of the research group RNM104 of the Junta de Andalucia. JA has also received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement No. 754446 and UGR Research and Knowledge Transfer Found-Athenea3i; and by project 407141557 of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation).A MW = 5.1 earthquake on January 21st, 2016 marked the beginning of a significant seismic sequence in the southern Alboran Sea, culminating in a MW = 6.3 earthquake on January 25th, and continuing with further moderate magnitude earthquakes until March. We use data from 35 seismic broadband stations in Spain, Morocco and Portugal to relocate the seismicity, estimate seismic moment tensors, and isolate regional apparent source time functions for the main earthquake. Relocation and regional moment tensor inversion consistently yield very shallow depths for the majority of events. We obtain 50 moment tensors for the sequence, showing a mixture of strike-slip faulting for the foreshock and the main event and reverse faulting for the major aftershocks. The leading role of reverse focal mechanisms among the aftershocks may be explained by the geometry of the fault network. The mainshock nucleates at a bend along the left-lateral Al-Idrisi fault, introducing local transpression within the transtensional Alboran Basin. The shallow depths of the 2016 Alboran Sea earthquakes may favor slip-partitioning on the involved faults. Apparent source durations for the main event suggest a ∼21 km long, asymmetric rupture that propagates primarily toward NE into the restraining fault segment, with fast rupture speed of ∼3.0 km/s. Consistently, the inversion for laterally variable fault displacement situates the main slip in the restraining segment. The partitioning into strike-slip rupture and dip-slip aftershocks confirms a non-optimal orientation of this segment, and suggests that the 2016 event settled a slip deficit from previous ruptures that could not propagate into the stronger restraining segment.FEDER/MINECO CGL2015-67130-C2-2-R PID2019-109608GB-I00FEDER/Junta de Andalucia project A-RNM-421-UGR18Junta de Andalucía RNM104European Union (EU) 754446German Research Foundation (DFG) 40714155

Focal Mechanisms for Subcrustal Earthquakes Beneath the Gibraltar Arc

Earthquakes below 50‐km depth are usually associated with active subduction, and the direction of faulting is aligned with the orientation of the subduction zone. Faulting in 42 earthquakes beneath the Gibraltar Arc and Alboran Sea shows different characteristics. The most abundant solutions show horizontal slip, in agreement with relative plate motion between Africa and Europe. Further solutions are associated with shortening and suggest compression from the basal drag of the Earth's mantle on the moving plates. In turn, no signature of active subduction was found. Images of the Earth's interior from teleseismic waves suggest a relation between the earthquakes and a stalled remnant of ~150‐Ma‐old oceanic material that once formed the connection between two oceans and later has been buried beneath the Gibraltar Arc.We received financial support through Mineco/Feder Project CGL2015‐67130‐C2‐2‐R and Junta de Andalucía research group RNM 10

Valoración de los avances en la reforma de la arquitectura financiera internacional desde la crisis asiática

Artículo de revist