GWAS-Identified Variants for Obesity Do Not Influence the Risk of Developing Multiple Myeloma: A Population-Based Study and Meta-Analysis

Multiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable disease characterized by the presence of malignant plasma cells in the bone marrow that secrete specific monoclonal immunoglobulins into the blood. Obesity has been associated with the risk of developing solid and hematological cancers, but its role as a risk factor for MM needs to be further explored. Here, we evaluated whether 32 genome-wide association study (GWAS)-identified variants for obesity were associated with the risk of MM in 4189 German subjects from the German Multiple Myeloma Group (GMMG) cohort (2121 MM cases and 2068 controls) and 1293 Spanish subjects (206 MM cases and 1087 controls). Results were then validated through meta-analysis with data from the UKBiobank (554 MM cases and 402,714 controls) and FinnGen cohorts (914 MM cases and 248,695 controls). Finally, we evaluated the correlation of these single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with cQTL data, serum inflammatory proteins, steroid hormones, and absolute numbers of blood-derived cell populations (n = 520). The meta-analysis of the four European cohorts showed no effect of obesity-related variants on the risk of developing MM. We only found a very modest association of the POC5rs2112347G and ADCY3rs11676272G alleles with MM risk that did not remain significant after correction for multiple testing (per-allele OR = 1.08, p = 0.0083 and per-allele OR = 1.06, p = 0.046). No correlation between these SNPs and functional data was found, which confirms that obesity-related variants do not influence MM risk.Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Madrid, Spain; PI17/02256 and PI20/01845)Consejería de Salud y Familia de la Junta de Andalucía (PY20/01282)Dietmar Hopp Foundation and the German Ministry of Education and Science (BMBF: CLIOMMICS (01ZX1309

Generación de nuevos significados, mediante la metonimia, en el parlache

RESUMEN: Reconociendo la incidencia del cambio semántico en el argot, se analiza aquí el papel de la metonimia como mecanismo de generación de nuevos significados en el argot juvenil de Medellín (Colombia), conocido como parlache. Como punto de partida, se delimita el concepto de argot y se clarifica lo que aquí se entiende por metonimia. Tras estas precisiones, se analiza una muestra de doce significados argóticos generados a partir de unidades ya existentes y mediante procesos metonímicos. Por último, como resultados, se observan tendencias dentro de la muestra en la utilización mayoritaria de ciertos tipos de metonimia. Así mismo, se vislumbra que en la muestra priman principios cognitivos universales como “típico sobre atípico”, “corporal sobre mental”, “concreto sobre abstracto”, entre otros, a la hora de elegir los conceptos fuente.ABSTRACT: Taking into consideration the impact that semantic change has on slang, we analyse the role metonymy plays as a mechanism for generating new meanings in the youth slang of Medellín (Colombia), also known as parlache. As a starting point, the concepts “slang” and “metonymy” are delimited. Following these clarifications, a sample of twelve argotic meanings generated through metonymic processes of existing units is analysed. The results obtained after the analysis evidence tendencies in the use of certain types of metonymy within the sample. Likewise, tendencies in the choice of source concepts seem to be based on universal cognitive principles such as “typical over non-typical,” “bodily over mental,” and “concrete over abstract,” among others

«A Baptism of Fire»: Towards a Practical Hybrid Approach for the Lexicographic Indexation of Phraseological Units with Religious Lexical Components in English and Spanish

Traditionally, researchers have had a particular interest in the study of the relationship between phraseology and lexicography [e.g., Alonso Ramos (2006); Mellado Blanco (2008); Buendía Castro and Faber (2015); Paquot (2015); Nuccorini (2020)] to the point of having labeled it a «scientific marriage» (Leroyer 2006). In addition, scholars have been increasingly interested in the semantic analysis of phraseological units (henceforth PUs) [e.g., Grčić Simeunović and de Santiago (2016) and Torijano and Recio (2019)]. Among the problems that these and several other studies have pointed out, there is the recurrent reference to inaccuracy and difficulty in indexing PUs in lexicographic resources. Although some scholars consider onomasiological approaches as an interesting starting point [e.g., Bosque (2017) and Siepmann (2008)], a systematic methodology in phraseology that includes both the semantical analysis of the entries and their indexation is still needed./nWe intend to address that need here through the analysis of 242 idioms (199 in Spanish and 43 in English) extracted from a 21,045-idiom database that was compiled from two phraseological dictionaries: the Diccionario fraseológico documentado del español actual (henceforth DFDEA) (Seco, Andrés et al., 2004), and the Collins COBUILD Dictionary of Idioms (henceforth CCDOI) (Sinclair and Moon 1997). The criteria employed to select the resulting analysis units were: (i) they had to include at least one lexical component related to religion, and (ii) the idiom had to be nominal or verbal. The religious component was identified semi-automatically by using the UCREL's Semantic Analysis System (USAS) (Archer et al., 2002)./nThe contributions of this paper are as follows: (i) it presents a lexicographic analysis of the macrostructure and microstructure of the two phraseological resources previously mentioned, (ii) it offers a model of semantic analysis for PUs with religion-related components, (iii) it proposes an alternative indexation method of PUs in lexicographic resources involving semasiological and onomasiological approaches; and finally, (iv) it shows a systematic way to use semantic and pragmatic information in order to create semantic entries for PUs./nIn conclusion, by closely examining said set of phraseological entries, this study sheds light on the semantic composition of Pus. It also suggests a systematic hybrid approach for their lexicographic indexation in English and Spanish.Tradicionalmente, los investigadores han demostrado un particular interés por el estudio de la relación entre fraseología y lexicografía [p. ej. Alonso Ramos (2006); Mellado Blanco (2008); Buendía Castro y Faber (2015); Paquot (2015); Nuccorini (2020)] hasta el punto de denominarlo «matrimonio científico» (Leroyer 2006). De igual manera, los académicos se han interesado de manera creciente por el análisis semántico de las unidades fraseológicas (en nuestro texto, PUs, por sus siglas en inglés) [e.g., Grčić Simeunović y de Santiago (2016) y Torijano y Recio (2019)]. Entre los problemas que estos y otros estudios han señalado se encuentra la recurrente referencia a la inexactitud y la dificultad para indexar las PUs en los recursos lexicográficos. Aunque algunos investigadores consideran los enfoques onomasiológicos como un interesante punto de partida [e.g., Bosque (2017) y Siepmann (2008)], sigue siendo necesario establecer una metodología sistemática respecto a la fraseología que incluya tanto el análisis semántico de las entradas como su indexación./nNos proponemos abordar esta necesidad analizando 242 modismos (199 en español y 43 en inglés) extraídos de una base de datos con 21.045 modismos que ha sido compilada a partir de dos diccionarios fraseológicos: el Diccionario fraseológico documentado del español actual (en adelante DFDEA) (Seco, Andrés et al., 2004), y el Collins COBUILD Dictionary of Idioms (en adelante CCDOI) (Sinclair y Moon 1997). Los criterios empleados para seleccionar las unidades resultantes con vistas a su análisis han sido: (i) debían incluir al menos un componente léxico relacionado con la religión, y (ii) el modismo tenía que ser nominal o verbal. El componente religioso fue identificado de manera semi-automática utilizando el UCREL's Semantic Analysis System (USAS) (Archer et al., 2002)./nLas aportaciones de este artículo son las siguientes: (i) presenta un análisis lexicográfico de la macroestructura y la microestructura de los dos recursos fraseológicos antes mencionados, (ii) ofrece un modelo de análisis semántico para las PUs con componentes relacionados con la religión, (iii) propone un método de indexación alternativa de las PUs en recursos lexicográficos que implican enfoques semasiológicos y onomasiológicos; y finalmente, (iv) propone una manera sistemática de utilizar la información semántica y pragmática para crear entradas semánticas para las PUs./nEn conclusión, al examinar dicha serie de entradas fraseológicas, este estudio arroja luz sobre la composición semántica de las PUs. También sugiere un enfoque híbrido sistemático para su indexación lexicográfica en inglés y español

Libros, manuscritos y plantas secas de Mariano La Gasca (1776-1839) conservados actualmente en Málaga

Material botánico de Mariano La Gasca (1776-1839) llegado a Málaga en 1834, desde Inglaterra, que acompañaba a su propietario en el exilio y que aún permanece en Málaga –en diferente ubicación–. Consiste en una gran parte de su biblioteca (unos 250 volúmenes), un número considerable de apuntes científicos, correspondencia personal y plantas secas. Podemos describir aquí ese “legado malagueño” gracias al profesor Antonio Acosta (1924−2004), quién nos informó de la catalogación previa del bibliotecario F. Báguena (1958)1 y nos cedió los manuscritos originales y plantas secas de La Gasca que custodiaba

Analysis of the power balance In the cells of a multilevel cascaded H-Bridge converter

Multilevel cascaded H-Bridge converters (CHB) have been presented as a good solution for high power applications. In this way, several control and modulation techniques have been proposed for this power converter topology. In this paper the steady state power balance in the cells of the single phase two cell CHB is studied. The capability to be supplied with active power from the grid or to deliver active power to the grid in each cell is analyzed according to the dc-link voltages and the desired ac output voltage value. Limits of the maximum and minimum input active power for stable operation of the CHB are addressed. Simulation results are shown to validate the presented analysis

Polymorphisms within Autophagy-Related Genes as Susceptibility Biomarkers forMultipleMyeloma: AMeta-Analysis of Three Large Cohorts and Functional Characterization

European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program, N 856620Instituto de Salud Carlos III and FEDER (Madrid, SpainPI17/02256 and PI20/01845), Consejería de Transformación Económica, Industria, Conocimiento y UniversidadesDietmar Hopp Foundation and the German Ministry of Education and Science (BMBF: CLIOMMICS [01ZX1309]National Cancer Institute of the National Institutes of Health under award numbers: R01CA186646, U01CA249955 (EEB)Science and Technology (FCT)—project UIDB/50026/2020UIDP/50026/2020 and by the project NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000055PORTUGAL 2020 Partnership Agreement, through the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF