Between historic sites and new tourist destinations: the development of the first periphery in medium-sized andalusian coastal cities (1950-1980)

This study aims to analyze the urbangrowth experienced in the third quarter of the 20th century in medium-sized cities (1950-1980). These cities can be considered as relevant referents in their countries, although their population is lower than in regional centres (over 10,000 to 100,000 inhabitants). Furthermore, they have been recently recognized as an opportunity to promote more sustainable territorial strategies. Nevertheless, there are still gaps in many fields. The so-called first urban periphery was built in response to urging quantitative needs of the European existing housing. This was at the end of the mid-century wars, due to massive migration from the countryside to the cities in the whole continent. Sharing many of the morphological and pathological features with their equivalents, Spanish cities would have introduced certain peculiarities in their development because of the socio-political context marked by strong state control. This general framework of housing was completed with the implementation of some policies developed in the 1960s. Tourism was used as one of the growth engines of Spain’s economy. Within this context, this research takes the Andalusian coast as a geographical framework and it intends to identify two different processes that have determined the urban development of these cities. On one hand, there are urban areas that have experienced a progressive demographic growth and have remained within the population range that defines a medium-sized city during this time. On the other hand, many towns have undergone anexponential evolution, moving from the features assimilated to rural settlements, to qualities of a medium-size city. In the final analysis, the purpose of this paper is to examine how historic sites have responded to this duality, as well as to determineif their protection has been decisive in the type of development that they have experienced.Research Plan of the University of Sevill

Mass housing neighbourhoods in medium sized andalusian cities: between historic city centres and new peripheral developments

This paper aims to analyse the evolution experienced by the neighbourhoods that comprise the so-called first periphery. Most of them have been thoroughly studied, has led to recognize theirs values and to be included in the catalogues of heritage protection of their respective cities. However, this research shows that is pending an in-depth analysis in cities of intermediate scale. Its significance lies not only in the fact that they are the most significant operations of architecture of the modern movement in their respective cities, but are especially noteworthy the values derived from its strategic location within the urban structure of these intermediate scale cities. Being near to city centre, they have been constituted as transition pieces between historic sites, new peripheral developments, and even, their nearest territory. As method, this research proposes a comparative analysis of traceability among different study cases, from medium-sized cities of the Andalusian Coast (Spain). In this context, it means recording the evolution that these promotions have been experienced since their first designs until their current situation. It attempts to find the characteristics that have resulted in the urban configuration of this periphery and to recognize the sum of all the cultural, economic, social and technological aspects that conditions the ways of life that today are detected in them. Definitely, the knowledge generated by this research allows extracting architectural and urban values of these examples, which justify its necessary dissemination as part of our legacy

Effectiveness of an Eye-Cervical Re-Education Program in Chronic Neck Pain: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Objectives. Proprioceptive training is popularly applied as a therapeutic exercise method in physiotherapy. Its effects on pain and range of motion are only poorly evaluated. Therefore, this study assesses the effectiveness of proprioceptive training with an Eye-Cervical Re-education Program to decrease pain and increase the joint range in chronic neck pain patients. Material and Methods. Design. A randomized, no-blinded, controlled clinical trial. Setting. Physiotherapy consultation. Participants. 44 people were divided into two groups. Interventions. All patients were treated with a multimodal physiotherapy intervention. The experimental group was supplemented with an exercise program that included eye-cervical proprioception. Outcomes. The primary outcomes included pain pressure thresholds (upper trapezius, levator scapulae, and splenius capitis) and cervical range of motion. The secondary outcomes included pain measured by the Visual Analogical Scale and the McGillSpv Questionnaire. Results. The proprioception treatment was effective in reducing the pain pressure threshold in the right upper trapezius (p=0.001), left upper trapezius (p=0.014), right levator scapula (p=0.040), and left splenius capitis (p=0.021). The increase in the joint range was statistically significant (p<0.05) in favor of the Eye-Cervical Re-education Program for all movements assessed. Conclusions. The Eye-Cervical Re-education Program is effective at relieving pain pressure thresholds in the upper trapezius, right levator scapula, and left splenius capitis and especially effective for increasing the cervical range of motion. This trial is registered with (retrospective registration)

Age-dependent changes of nuclear morphology are uncoupled from longevity in Caenorhabditis elegans IGF/insulin receptor daf-2 mutants

Nuclear envelope (NE) architecture and aging have been associated since the discovery that certain human progeria diseases are due to perturbations in processing of lamin A protein, generating alterations in NE morphology. However, whether changes in the NE are a causal effect of normal and premature aging is still controversial. Caenorhabditis elegans is a model organism where observations supporting both, dependent and independent roles of nuclear architecture in the aging process, have been reported. We found that the long-lived glp-1 mutant and dietary restriction delayed age-associated nuclear morphology changes. In addition, we observed that the long-lived mutant of the insulin/IGF receptor daf-2 delayed the age-dependent changes of nuclear architecture at 25 °C, as previously described. However, when daf-2 animals were incubated at 20 °C they remained long-lived, but nuclear appearance changed at similar rate as in the wild type. This supports the idea that both phenotypes, longevity and maintenance of nuclear architecture are tightly associated but can be separated and argues that nuclear morphology deterioration is not a cause of the natural aging process.This work was funded by the Autonomous Government of Andalusia (P07-CVI- 02697). In addition, we wish to acknowledge Fundación Ramón Areces for a fellowship to ER. Some nematode strains used in this work were provided by the ‘‘Caenorhabditis Genetic Center’’, which is funded by the NIH National Center for Research Resources (NCRR).Peer Reviewe

Coordination of LiH Molecules to Mo≣Mo Bonds: Experimental and Computational Studies on Mo2LiH2, Mo2Li2H4, and Mo6Li9H18 Clusters

The reactions of LiAlH4 as the source of LiH with complexes that contain (H)Mo≣Mo and (H)Mo≣Mo(H) cores stabilized by the coordination of bulky AdDipp2 ligands result in the respective coordination of one and two molecules of (thf)LiH, with the generation of complexes exhibiting one and two HLi(thf)H ligands extending across the Mo≣Mo bond (AdDipp2 = HC(NDipp)2; Dipp = 2,6-iPr2C6H3; thf = tetrahydrofuran, C4H8O). A theoretical study reveals the formation of Mo–H–Li three-center–two-electron bonds, supplemented by the coordination of the Mo≣Mo bond to the Li ion. Attempts to construct a [Mo2{HLi(thf)H}3(AdDipp2)] molecular architecture led to spontaneous trimerization and the formation of a chiral, hydride-rich Mo6Li9H18 supramolecular organization that is robust enough to withstand the substitution of lithium-solvating molecules of tetrahydrofuran by pyridine or 4-dimethylaminopyridine.España Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (PID2019-110856GA-I00 and PGC2018-093863-B-C21)Generalitat de Catalunya - AGAUR (grant 2017-SGR1289

Spatiotemporal genetic structure in the Daphnia pulex complex from Sierra Nevada lakes (Spain): reproductive mode and first record of North American D. cf. pulex in European alpine lakes

Daphnia is a good model organism for studying factors affecting dispersal and patterns of genetic diversity. Within this genus, the Daphnia pulex species complex includes lineages from North America and Europe, with some considered invaders in various continents, although their colonization history is poorly known. We used mitochondrial DNA and microsatellite markers to identify the D. pulex complex lineages in Sierra Nevada, determine their reproductive mode and reconstruct their genetic history (over the past ∼25 to 65 years). We present the first recording of North American (NA) D. cf. pulex in a European high-mountain lake, showing its arrival ∼65 years ago in lake Borreguil without temporal changes in its genetic structure. European (Eu) D. cf. pulicaria is the only lineage present in other Sierra Nevada lakes and also showed no genetic change over time. The results for both species are congruent with obligate parthenogenetic reproduction mode. Moreover, water mineralization may influence the clonal distribution of the D. pulex complex in Sierra Nevada, without ruling out dispersal limitation and/or founder effects. Although NA D. cf. pulex had not spread to other Sierra Nevada lakes, it could threaten Eu D. cf. pulicaria in Sierra Nevada and other European alpine lakes

Bridge Deformation Analysis Using Time-Differenced Carrier-Phase Technique

[EN] Historically, monitoring possible deformations in suspension bridges has been a crucial issue for structural engineers. Therefore, to understand and calibrate models of the "load-structureresponse", it is essential to implement suspension bridge monitoring programs. In this work, due to increasing GNSS technology development, we study the movement of a long-span bridge structure using differenced carrier phases in adjacent epochs. Many measurement errors can be decreased by a single difference between consecutive epochs, especially from receivers operating at 10 Hz.Another advantage is not requiring two receivers to observe simultaneously. In assessing the results obtained, to avoid unexpected large errors, the outlier and cycle-slip exclusion are indispensable. The final goal of this paper is to obtain the relative positioning and associated standard deviations of a stand-alone geodetic receiver. Short-term movements generated by traffic, tidal current, wind, or earthquakes must be recoverable deformations, as evidenced by the vertical displacement graphs obtained through this approach. For comparison studies, three geodetic receivers were positioned on the Assut de l'Or Bridge in València, Spain. The associated standard deviation for the north, east, and vertical positioning values was approximately 0.01 m.This research was funded by Generalitat Valenciana, grant number GV/2021/156.Jiménez-Martínez, MJ.; Quesada-Olmo, MN.; Zancajo-Jimeno, JJ.; Mostaza-Pérez, T. (2023). Bridge Deformation Analysis Using Time-Differenced Carrier-Phase Technique. Remote Sensing. 15(5). https://doi.org/10.3390/rs1505145815

Trispyrazolylborate Ligands Supported on Vinyl Addition Polynorbornenes and Their Copper Derivatives as Recyclable Catalysts

Polynorbornenes prepared by vinyl addition poly- merization and bearing pendant alkenyl groups serve as skeletons to support trispyrazolylborate ligands (Tpx) built at those alkenyl sites. Reaction with CuI in acetonitrile led to VA-PNB–TpxCu(NCMe) (VA-PBN = vinyl addition polynorbor- nene) with a 0.8–1.4 mmol incorporation of Cu per gram of polymer. The presence of tetracoordinated copper(I) ions was been assessed by FTIR studies on the corresponding VA-PNB-TpxCu(CO) adducts, in agreement with those on discrete TpxCu(CO). The new materials were employed as heteroge- neous catalysts in several carbene- and nitrene-transfer reac- tions, showing a behavior similar to that of the homogene- ous counterparts but also being recycled several times main- taining a high degree of activity and selectivity. This is the first example of supported Tpx ligands onto polymeric sup- ports with catalytic applications.MINECO (CTQ2017-82893-C2-1-R, CTQ2016-80913-P and Red Intecat CTQ2016-81923-REDC)Junta de Castilla y León (VA051P17, VA062G18)European Union (CHAOS COST ACTION CA-15106)