Feasibility of community-based control of tsetse: A pilot project using Tiny Targets in the Democratic Republic of Congo

Gambianse Human African Trypanosomiasis (g-HAT) is a neglected tropical disease caused by trypanosomes transmitted by tsetse flies. 70%Most (>80%) of the cases in 2019 (604/863) occur in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). and Thea national programme for g-HAT to eliminatione HAT in DRC includes athe large-scale deployment of Tiny Targets which attract and kill tsetse. This intervention is directed by vector-control specialists with small teams, moving in canoes, deploying Tiny Targets along riverbanks where tsetse concentrate. While the targets are deployed in communal areas, and the method is cheap and easy-to-use, local people have little involvement. This study aimed to evaluate if a community-led vector control programme was feasible in the context of DRC’s g-HAT elimination programme

Reparación de las fracturas de huesos largos en traumatismos craneoencefálicos: estudio experimental en la rata

Los pacientes con traumatismo craneoencefálico presentan una respuesta osteogénica alterada. Para estudiar si existe o no un callo de fractura más voluminoso o más prematuro en las fracturas de hueso largo se ha buscado un modelo experimental en rata Wistar con y sin lesión encefálica. El estudio no demuestra diferencias significativas. Se discute la importancia de factores terapéuticos más que el hecho del traumatismo creaneoencefálico.Osteogenic response deviates significantly in patients with traumatic brain injury. In this study, we analyze if there is an increased volume or earlier callus formation in long bones fractures in Wistar rats with and without brain injury. The results show no significant difference. The importance of some therapeutical aspects other than head injury are discussed

“Estudio de las resistencias a Aminoglicósidos en enterobacterias de origen hospitalario”

The aminoglycoside antibiotics modifying enzymes and their genetic properties from 97 entero bacteria strains resistant to several aminoglycoside antibiotics isolated at the Universitary Hospital of Granada were studied. These enzymes were detected in 82 strains (84,5 %) and their genetics determinants were localized in 74 strains (90,2 %) on conjugative plasmids. 8 strains (9,8 %) had their genetics determinant on plasmid transferred only by transformation. Four types of enzymes were found, APH(3'), AAC(3), AAC(6') and ANT(2") in this strains. Our results show a situation of endemic resistance towards those antibiotics without control in this hospital.Se estudia la presencia de enzimas modificantes de antibióticos aminoglicósidos y su origen genético en 97 cepas de enterobacterias resistentes a diversos aminoglicósidos y aisladas en el Hospital Universitario de Granada. La presencia de tales enzimas se detectó en 82 cepas (84,50/0) cuyos determinantes génicos se localizaron en 74 casos (90,2 %) sobre plásmidos conjugativos, y en 8 (9,8 %) en plásmidos que únicamente se pudieron transferir mediante transformación. Se identificaron 4 tipos de enzimas, APH(3'), AAC(3), AAC(6') Y ANT(2") respectivamente según su frecuencia de aparición. Los resultados obtenidos indican la existencia de un estado de resistencia endémica, acentuado en el caso de aquellos antibióticos cuyo uso prácticamente no se controla, y aportan la base de conocimientos necesaria para la determinación de la evolución de las mismas en nuestro hospital con fines epidemiológicos

Estudio de las resistencias a Aminoglicósidos en enterobacterias de origen hospitalario

Se estudia la presencia de enzimas modificantes de antibióticos aminoglicósidos y su origen genético en 97 cepas de enterobacterias resistentes a diversos aminoglicósidos y aisladas en el Hospital Universitario de Granada. La presencia de tales enzimas se detectó en 82 cepas (84,50/0) cuyos determinantes génicos se localizaron en 74 casos (90,2 %) sobre plásmidos conjugativos, y en 8 (9,8 %) en plásmidos que únicamente se pudieron transferir mediante transformación. Se identificaron 4 tipos de enzimas, APH(3'), AAC(3), AAC(6') Y ANT(2") respectivamente según su frecuencia de aparición. Los resultados obtenidos indican la existencia de un estado de resistencia endémica, acentuado en el caso de aquellos antibióticos cuyo uso prácticamente no se controla, y aportan la base de conocimientos necesaria para la determinación de la evolución de las mismas en nuestro hospital con fines epidemiológicos.The aminoglycoside antibiotics modifying enzymes and their genetic properties from 97 entero bacteria strains resistant to several aminoglycoside antibiotics isolated at the Universitary Hospital of Granada were studied. These enzymes were detected in 82 strains (84,5 %) and their genetics determinants were localized in 74 strains (90,2 %) on conjugative plasmids. 8 strains (9,8 %) had their genetics determinant on plasmid transferred only by transformation. Four types of enzymes were found, APH(3'), AAC(3), AAC(6') and ANT(2") in this strains. Our results show a situation of endemic resistance towards those antibiotics without control in this hospital

Homozygous variants in the HEXB and MBOAT7 genes underlie neurological diseases in consanguineous families

Neurological disorders are a common cause of morbidity and mortality within Pakistani populations. It is one of the most important challenges in healthcare, with significant life-long socio-economic burden.This article is freely available via Open Access. Click on the Publisher URL to access the full-text

The Lipopolysaccharide Core of Brucella abortus Acts as a Shield Against Innate Immunity Recognition

Innate immunity recognizes bacterial molecules bearing pathogen-associated molecular patterns to launch inflammatory responses leading to the activation of adaptive immunity. However, the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of the gram-negative bacterium Brucella lacks a marked pathogen-associated molecular pattern, and it has been postulated that this delays the development of immunity, creating a gap that is critical for the bacterium to reach the intracellular replicative niche. We found that a B. abortus mutant in the wadC gene displayed a disrupted LPS core while keeping both the LPS O-polysaccharide and lipid A. In mice, the wadC mutant induced proinflammatory responses and was attenuated. In addition, it was sensitive to killing by non-immune serum and bactericidal peptides and did not multiply in dendritic cells being targeted to lysosomal compartments. In contrast to wild type B. abortus, the wadC mutant induced dendritic cell maturation and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. All these properties were reproduced by the wadC mutant purified LPS in a TLR4-dependent manner. Moreover, the core-mutated LPS displayed an increased binding to MD-2, the TLR4 co-receptor leading to subsequent increase in intracellular signaling. Here we show that Brucella escapes recognition in early stages of infection by expressing a shield against recognition by innate immunity in its LPS core and identify a novel virulence mechanism in intracellular pathogenic gram-negative bacteria. These results also encourage for an improvement in the generation of novel bacterial vaccines

Are anthropogenic factors affecting nesting habitat of sea turtles? The case of Kanzul beach, Riviera Maya-Tulum (Mexico)

Marine coast modification and human pressure affects many species, including sea turtles. In order to study nine anthropogenic impacts that might affect nesting selection of females, incubation and hatching survival of loggerhead (Caretta caretta) and green turtle (Chelonia mydas), building structures were identified along a 5.2 km beach in Kanzul (Mexico). A high number of hotels and houses (88; 818 rooms), with an average density of 16.6 buildings per kilometer were found. These buildings form a barrier which prevents reaching the beach from inland, resulting in habitat fragmentation. Main pressures were detected during nesting selection (14.19% of turtle nesting attempts interrupted), and low impact were found during incubation (0.77%) and hatching (4.7%). There were three impacts defined as high: beach furniture that blocks out the movement of hatchlings or females, direct pressure by tourists, and artificial beachfront lighting that can potentially mislead hatchlings or females. High impacted areas showed lowest values in nesting selection and hatching success. Based on our results, we suggest management strategies to need to be implemented to reduce human pressure and to avoid nesting habitat loss of loggerhead and green turtle in Kanzul, Mexico