Gestión de recursos electrónicos en el Consorcio de Bibliotecas Universitarias Andaluzas. Una experiencia de cooperación bibliotecaria en entornos digitales

En la actualidad es difícil encontrar bibliotecas digitales nacidas bajo este concepto. La denominación representa más bien la evolución de las bibliotecas tradicionales, sobre todo universitarias, hacia un entorno en que la proliferación de recursos electrónicos en lo últimos años ha cambiado no sólo el concepto de biblioteca sino el mismo concepto de investigación, de estudio y por tanto de trabajo. Bajo esta premisa, en que señalamos recursos electrónicos como origen de bibliotecas digitales, son los consorcios bibliotecarios los que han contribuido de forma extraordinaria y definitiva a su desarrollo. La vieja idea de cooperación se ha materializado en ellos no sólo en la disposición de recursos propios sino que ha encontrado su máxima expresión en el entorno consorciado en que la adquisición y gestión compartidas han sido necesarias para dar respuesta a las necesidades que impone la proliferación de recursos electrónicos en las nuevas bibliotecas digitales. Claro ejemplo de esta afirmación, de estas nuevas formas de organización lo constituye el recientemente creado Grupo de Trabajo de Recursos Electrónicos del Consorcio de Bibliotecas Universitarias Andaluzas (CBUA), cuyo proyecto de cooperación y gestión contribuye a facilitar el acceso a la colección digital en el ámbito universitario andaluz. Se presenta el trabajo realizado hasta la fecha por el Grupo, así como las perspectivas de futuro. Se exponen la metodología de trabajo empleada, las líneas de actuación, las acciones realizadas, las herramientas utilizadas para optimizar la calidad en el acceso y difusión de los recursos de los que disponemos. Palabras clave: bibliotecas universitarias, bibliotecas digitales, gestión de recursos electrónicos, consorcios de bibliotecas, cooperación bibliotecaria

Difusión y aprovechamiento de los recursos electrónicos en el Consorcio de Bibliotecas Universitarias de Andalucía: evolución de su utilización y formación de usuarios

El CBUA está constituido por las 10 universidades públicas andaluzas y cuenta con apoyo financiero de la Junta de Andalucía a través de la Consejería de Innovación, Ciencia y Empresa. Con 281551 usuarios (datos REBIUN 2008), el Consorcio atiende los servicios bibliotecarios de la tercera comunidad autónoma universitaria, por detrás de Cataluña y Madrid. Desde su constitución en 2001, la misión del CBUA ha sido potenciar la cooperación entre las bibliotecas universitarias andaluzas, sobre tres ideas básicas: Mejorar el aprovechamiento de los recursos económicos Dar mayor accesibilidad a los recursos compartidos y Facilitar el uso compartido de las tecnologías de la información y las comunicaciones. Dentro del conjunto de objetivos que definen el trabajo del Consorcio, destacamos los relacionados con el tema que nos ocupa: 1.- Incrementar la efectividad de la investigación y de la enseñanza, aumentando los recursos de información disponibles de forma inmediata. 2.- Mejorar el acceso de la comunidad universitaria integrada en el Consorcio y de la sociedad en general a las colecciones documentales existentes. 3.- Promover planes de cooperación, servicios bibliotecarios conjuntos, la adquisición compartida de recursos y la conexión a redes nacionales e internacionales. 4.- Experimentar y fomentar la aplicación de nuevas tecnologías de la información a los servicios bibliotecarios y potenciar la formación del personal que trabaja en las bibliotecas. En el presente trabajo analizamos el grado de cumplimiento de nuestros objetivos, utilizando como base el nivel de uso de nuestras colecciones electrónicas y la política de formación continua de nuestros usuarios en el uso y manejo de los recursos que tienen a su disposición. Esta política nos ha llevado a ser la 2ª comunidad española en el volumen de nuestra colección, (por detrás de Cataluña), la 2ª en la impartición de cursos a nuestros usuarios (de nuevo tras Cataluña), y la 1ª en número de asistentes a dichos cursos (datos REBIUN 2007)

Demostraciones prácticas para la promoción de las titulaciones de Grado en Química y Grado en Ingeniería Química

Memoria ID12-0251. Ayudas de la Universidad de Salamanca para la innovación docente, curso 2012-2013

Inhaled Methoxyflurane Provides Greater Analgesia and Faster Onset of Action Versus Standard Analgesia in Patients With Trauma Pain: InMEDIATE: A Randomized Controlled Trial in Emergency Departments

Study objective: The objective of the InMEDIATE study was to evaluate the change in intensity of traumatic pain over the first 20 min in adult patients treated with methoxyflurane versus standard analgesic treatment in Spain. This the first randomized, active-controlled, multicenter trial of methoxyflurane in the emergency setting in Europe. Methods: This was a randomized, controlled study that enrolled adult patients with acute moderate to severe (score >= 4 on the 11-point Numeric Rating Scale) trauma-associated pain in 14 Spanish emergency departments. Patients were randomized 1:1 to methoxyflurane (up to 2x3 mL) or standard analgesic treatment. Coprimary endpoints were the change from baseline in Numeric Rating Scale pain intensity score during the first 20 minutes of treatment and time to first pain relief. Results: Three hundred five patients were randomized (methoxyflurane 156; standard analgesic treatment 149). Most patients in the standard analgesic treatment group (70%) received intravenous first-step analgesics and 9.4% of patients were treated with opioids. Mean decrease from baseline in Numeric Rating Scale pain intensity score was greater for methoxyflurane than standard analgesic treatment at all points, with a significant treatment difference overall up to 20 minutes (repeated-measures model 2.47 versus 1.39; treatment difference 1.00; 95% confidence interval 0.84 to 1.32). Median time to first pain relief was significantly shorter for methoxyflurane than standard analgesic treatment (3 versus 10 minutes). Methoxyflurane achieved better patient and clinician ratings for pain control and comfort of treatment than standard analgesic treatment and exceeded patient and clinician expectations of treatment in, respectively, 77% and 72% of cases compared with 38% and 19% for standard analgesic treatment. Conclusion: These results support consideration of methoxyflurane as a nonnarcotic, easy-to-administer, rapid-acting, first-line alternative to currently available analgesic treatments for trauma pain

Colaboración universidad/empresa para la promoción de las titulaciones de grado en química y grado en ingeniería química

Memoria ID-0018. Ayudas de la Universidad de Salamanca para la innovación docente, curso 2013-2014

Revisiting the epidemiology of bloodstream infections and healthcare-associated episodes: results from a multicentre prospective cohort in Spain (PRO-BAC Study)

PROBAC REIPI/GEIH-SEIMC/SAEI Group.The epidemiology of bloodstream infections (BSIs) is dynamic as it depends on microbiological, host and healthcare system factors. The aim of this study was to update the information regarding the epidemiology of BSIs in Spain considering the type of acquisition. An observational, prospective cohort study in 26 Spanish hospitals from October 2016 through March 2017 including all episodes of BSI in adults was performed. Bivariate analyses stratified by type of acquisition were performed. Multivariate analyses were performed by logistic regression. Overall, 6345 BSI episodes were included; 2510 (39.8%) were community-acquired (CA), 1661 (26.3%) were healthcare-associated (HCA) and 2056 (32.6%) hospital-acquired (HA). The 30-day mortality rates were 11.6%, 19.5% and 22.0%, respectively. The median age of patients was 71 years (interquartile range 60–81 years) and 3656 (58.3%; 95% confidence interval 57.1–59.6%) occurred in males. The proportions according to patient sex varied according to age strata. Escherichia coli (43.8%), Klebsiella spp. (8.9%), Staphylococcus aureus (8.9%) and coagulase-negative staphylococci (7.4%) were the most frequent pathogens. Multivariate analyses confirmed important differences between CA and HCA episodes, but also between HCA and HA episodes, in demographics, underlying conditions and aetiology. In conclusion, we have updated the epidemiological information regarding patients’ profiles, underlying conditions, frequency of acquisition types and aetiological agents of BSI in Spain. HCA is confirmed as a distinct type of acquisition.This work was financed by grants from Plan Nacional de I+D+i 2013–2016, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Subdirección General de Redes y Centros de Investigación Cooperativa, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades [PI16/01432] and the Spanish Network for Research in Infectious Diseases (REIPI) [RD16/0016/0001; RD16/0016/0008], co‐financed by the European Development Regional Fund ‘A way to achieve Europe’, Operative program Intelligent Growth 2014–2020

Risk Factors and Predictive Score for Bacteremic Biliary Tract Infections Due to Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium: a Multicenter Cohort Study from the PROBAC Project

Biliary-tract bloodstream infections (BT-BSI) caused by Enterococcus faecalis and E. faecium are associated with inappropriate empirical treatment and worse outcomes compared to other etiologies. The objective of this study was to investigate the risk factors for enterococcal BT-BSI. Patients with BT-BSI from the PROBAC cohort, including consecutive patients with BSI in 26 Spanish hospitals between October 2016 and March 2017, were selected; episodes caused by E. faecalis or E. faecium and other causes were compared. Independent predictors for enterococci were identified by logistic regression, and a predictive score was developed. Eight hundred fifty episodes of BT-BSI were included; 73 (8.5%) were due to target Enterococcus spp. (48 [66%] were E. faecium and 25 [34%] E. faecalis). By multivariate analysis, the variables independently associated with Enterococcus spp. were (OR; 95% confidence interval): cholangiocarcinoma (4.48;1.32 to 15.25), hospital acquisition (3.58;2.11 to 6.07), use of carbapenems in the previous month (3.35;1.45 to 7.78), biliary prosthesis (2.19;1.24 to 3.90), and moderate or severe chronic kidney disease (1.55;1.07 to 2.26). The AUC of the model was 0.74 [95% CI0.67 to 0.80]. A score was developed, with 7, 6, 5, 4, and 2 points for these variables, respectively, with a negative predictive value of 95% for a score # 6. A model, including cholangiocarcinoma, biliary prosthesis, hospital acquisition, previous carbapenems, and chronic kidney disease showed moderate prediction ability for enterococcal BT-BSI. Although the score will need to be validated, this information may be useful for deciding empirical therapy in biliary tract infections when bacteremia is suspected. IMPORTANCE Biliary tract infections are frequent, and a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. Bacteremia is common in these infections, particularly in the elderly and patients with cancer. Inappropriate empirical treatment has been associated with increased risk of mortality in bacteremic cholangitis, and the probability of receiving inactive empirical treatment is higher in episodes caused by enterococci. This is because many of the antimicrobial agents recommended in guidelines for biliary tract infections lack activity against these organisms. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study analyzing the predictive factors for enterococcal BT-BSI and deriving a predictive score.8 página

Spatiotemporal Characteristics of the Largest HIV-1 CRF02_AG Outbreak in Spain: Evidence for Onward Transmissions

Background and Aim: The circulating recombinant form 02_AG (CRF02_AG) is the predominant clade among the human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) non-Bs with a prevalence of 5.97% (95% Confidence Interval-CI: 5.41–6.57%) across Spain. Our aim was to estimate the levels of regional clustering for CRF02_AG and the spatiotemporal characteristics of the largest CRF02_AG subepidemic in Spain.Methods: We studied 396 CRF02_AG sequences obtained from HIV-1 diagnosed patients during 2000–2014 from 10 autonomous communities of Spain. Phylogenetic analysis was performed on the 391 CRF02_AG sequences along with all globally sampled CRF02_AG sequences (N = 3,302) as references. Phylodynamic and phylogeographic analysis was performed to the largest CRF02_AG monophyletic cluster by a Bayesian method in BEAST v1.8.0 and by reconstructing ancestral states using the criterion of parsimony in Mesquite v3.4, respectively.Results: The HIV-1 CRF02_AG prevalence differed across Spanish autonomous communities we sampled from (p < 0.001). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that 52.7% of the CRF02_AG sequences formed 56 monophyletic clusters, with a range of 2–79 sequences. The CRF02_AG regional dispersal differed across Spain (p = 0.003), as suggested by monophyletic clustering. For the largest monophyletic cluster (subepidemic) (N = 79), 49.4% of the clustered sequences originated from Madrid, while most sequences (51.9%) had been obtained from men having sex with men (MSM). Molecular clock analysis suggested that the origin (tMRCA) of the CRF02_AG subepidemic was in 2002 (median estimate; 95% Highest Posterior Density-HPD interval: 1999–2004). Additionally, we found significant clustering within the CRF02_AG subepidemic according to the ethnic origin.Conclusion: CRF02_AG has been introduced as a result of multiple introductions in Spain, following regional dispersal in several cases. We showed that CRF02_AG transmissions were mostly due to regional dispersal in Spain. The hot-spot for the largest CRF02_AG regional subepidemic in Spain was in Madrid associated with MSM transmission risk group. The existence of subepidemics suggest that several spillovers occurred from Madrid to other areas. CRF02_AG sequences from Hispanics were clustered in a separate subclade suggesting no linkage between the local and Hispanic subepidemics

Corporate philanthropy and employee engagement

The firm develops its identity through actions that reflect its business strategy. Some of those actions are social and show the social commitment of the company. Hence, philanthropic actions could be incorporated into the core business, through the implementation of a specific corporate philanthropy strategy. The company would then need to measure its financial and non-financial effects to evaluate the effectiveness of this strategy. Philanthropic actions impact not only on the community but also on other stakeholders, for example employees, and it would be useful to identify and measure these effects. This paper describes an empirical study of 232 European companies. The findings show that a company’s philanthropy strategies and the presence of women on the board impact on the attitude of its employees. Firms that have a corporate philanthropic strategy tend to have lower levels of labour controversies and incidents, with respect to those which apply discretional or sporadic philanthropic practices. The types of philanthropic practices adopted highlight and define the firm’s corporate identity and foster trust among its employees. The results of this study have implications for the design and management of corporate philanthropy strategies