Calidad de los ensayos clínicos sobre el glaucoma crónico

Introducción: El glaucoma crónico es el glaucoma más frecuente que se encuentra en la población, se caracteriza por una tensión ocular alta ya que se inicia por lo general con el aumento de la presión interna del ojo debido a un fallo de drenaje del humor acuoso, este aumento causa un daño directo en las fibras del nervio óptico. Según la OMS es una de las principales causas de discapacidad visual en el mundo. Por todo esto, es de suma importancia el empleo de un tratamiento eficaz y seguro. Para ello se ha llevado a cabo en esta revisión un análisis de diferentes ensayos clínicos sobre tratamientos del glaucoma, su eficacia y sus efectos en el paciente. Objetivos: Identificar exhaustivamente los ensayos clínicos publicados sobre el tratamiento del GCAA, y revisar sistemáticamente los tratamientos evaluados en cuanto a las variables estudiadas. Metodología Tras establecer los criterios para incluir y excluir los estudios, diseñé una estrategia de búsqueda estructurada para identificar exhaustivamente los artículos que publicaban resultados sobre ensayos clínicos. La búsqueda se hizo en la base de datos Pubmed, complementada con Google. De las referencias recuperadas, excluí en primer lugar aquellas cuyo título o el contenido del resumen no correspondían a la revisión. De las restantes hice una lectura del texto completo, seleccionando finalmente las que se incluyen en la revisión. Resultados: Todos los artículos revisados comparan tratamientos para analizar el efecto sobre la PIO, el espesor corneal central y la eficacia de los TTOs para la seguridad y tolerabilidad del paciente con GCAA. Los tratamientos analizados son la mayoría análogos de prostaglandinas, además de combinaciones fijas como Briomidina/Timolol o Dorzolamina/Timolol, Beta bloqueantes, comparaciones de estos mimos TTOs con o sin BAK y un ensayo sobre el efecto en el GCAA del extracto de azafrán. De los 215 ensayos clínicos encontrados, tras aplicar los criterios de inclusión y exclusión finalmente fueron revisados 21. Discusión y conclusiones: De todos los ensayos clínicos realizados sobre el tema a tratar en los últimos 5 años, podemos destacar la importancia de los análogos de prostaglandinas, de las diferentes combinaciones fijas, con y sin conservantes y cómo influyen todos estos fármacos sobre la PIO en el tratamiento del GCAA.Universidad de Sevilla. Grado en Óptica y Optometrí

Cross-coupled doa trackers

A new robust, low complexity algorithm for multiuser tracking is proposed, modifying the two-stage parallel architecture of the estimate-maximize (EM) algorithm. The algorithm copes with spatially colored noise, large differences in source powers, multipath, and crossing trajectories. Following a discussion on stability, the simulations demonstrate an asymptotic and tracking behavior that neither the EM nor a nonparallelized tracker can emulate.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

Training for future information and documentation professionals at the Carlos III University of Madrid through internship in libraries, archives and document centres

The overall aim of this study was to determine whether the Carlos III University of Madrid’s Information and Documentation degree programme has delivered training suited to library, archive and information centre needs and to what extent such training should be restructured to rise to the challenges posed by relentless technological change. With those aims in mind, a competence matrix was applied to analyse the department’s historic series of worksite tutors’ assessments of students and the results of surveys conducted among both communities. The results attested to overall student and tutor satisfaction with the programme

Trispyrazolylborate Ligands Supported on Vinyl Addition Polynorbornenes and Their Copper Derivatives as Recyclable Catalysts

Polynorbornenes prepared by vinyl addition poly- merization and bearing pendant alkenyl groups serve as skeletons to support trispyrazolylborate ligands (Tpx) built at those alkenyl sites. Reaction with CuI in acetonitrile led to VA-PNB–TpxCu(NCMe) (VA-PBN = vinyl addition polynorbor- nene) with a 0.8–1.4 mmol incorporation of Cu per gram of polymer. The presence of tetracoordinated copper(I) ions was been assessed by FTIR studies on the corresponding VA-PNB-TpxCu(CO) adducts, in agreement with those on discrete TpxCu(CO). The new materials were employed as heteroge- neous catalysts in several carbene- and nitrene-transfer reac- tions, showing a behavior similar to that of the homogene- ous counterparts but also being recycled several times main- taining a high degree of activity and selectivity. This is the first example of supported Tpx ligands onto polymeric sup- ports with catalytic applications.MINECO (CTQ2017-82893-C2-1-R, CTQ2016-80913-P and Red Intecat CTQ2016-81923-REDC)Junta de Castilla y León (VA051P17, VA062G18)European Union (CHAOS COST ACTION CA-15106)

Software Radio para antenas inteligentes en comunicaciones personales multistandard

Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

Single-Trial Recognition of Video Gamer’s Expertise from Brain Haemodynamic and Facial Emotion Responses

With an increase in consumer demand of video gaming entertainment, the game industry is exploring novel ways of game interaction such as providing direct interfaces between the game and the gamers’ cognitive or affective responses. In this work, gamer’s brain activity has been imaged using functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) whilst they watch video of a video game (League of Legends) they play. A video of the face of the participants is also recorded for each of a total of 15 trials where a trial is defined as watching a gameplay video. From the data collected, i.e., gamer’s fNIRS data in combination with emotional state estimation from gamer’s facial expressions, the expertise level of the gamers has been decoded per trial in a multi-modal framework comprising of unsupervised deep feature learning and classification by state-of-the-art models. The best tri-class classification accuracy is obtained using a cascade of random convolutional kernel transform (ROCKET) feature extraction method and deep classifier at 91.44%. This is the first work that aims at decoding expertise level of gamers using non-restrictive and portable technologies for brain imaging, and emotional state recognition derived from gamers’ facial expressions. This work has profound implications for novel designs of future human interactions with video games and brain-controlled games

La formación en España de médicos especialistas en Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública

Producción CientíficaEl modelo moderno de formación médica especializada en España se definió en 19841 y se basa en el programa de Médicos Internos Residentes (MIR). En 1999 se produjo el acceso al título de especialista de buena parte de la gran bolsa de médicos que trabajaban en el sector sin tener título oficial de especialista (denominados médicos especialistas sin título oficial (MESTOS) mediante una convocatoria excepcional del Consejo Nacional de Especialidades Médicas2. Desde entonces, la oferta de formación mediante la convocatoria MIR es el esquema predominante, aunque persiste la vía excepcional y sea factible la homologación de títulos de especialista obtenidos en el extranjero. Este modelo se ha perfeccionado en los últimos tiempos3, destacando la aprobación en 2005 del programa de la especialidad de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública(MPySP)4,5, y avanzando en una mayor definición del funcionamiento de las unidades docentes, de las comisiones de docencia, y de los tutores6,7. Al redactar este documento nos proponemos proporcionar algunos elementos de información sobre la oferta de formación médica especializada en MPySP. La información descriptiva se ha extraído de las últimas convocatorias publicadas en el Boletín Oficial del Estado (BOE), correspondientes al periodo 2007-10. El esbozo de elementos para la evaluación procede de reflexiones compartidas por los miembros de la Comisión Nacional de la Especialidad (CNE) a lo largo del período 2010-11, los cuales son especialistas. Independientemente de que puedan darse progresos en la sistematización de la formación especializada de otras profesiones implicadas en la salud pública, algo muy deseable8, nos concentramos aquí en la situación de esta especialidad médic

Chromosome-level genome of the venomous snail Kalloconus canariensis: a valuable model for venomics and comparative genomics

BACKGROUND: Genomes are powerful resources to understand the evolutionary mechanisms underpinning the origin and diversification of the venoms of cone snails (Conidae: Caenogastropoda) and could aid in the development of novel drugs. FINDINGS: Here, we used PacBio continuous long reads and Omni-C data to assemble the chromosome-level genome of Kalloconus canariensis, a vermivorous cone endemic to the Canary Islands. The final genome size was 2.87 Gb, with a N50 of 79.75 Mb and 91% of the reads located into the 35 largest scaffolds. Up to 55.80% of the genome was annotated as repetitive regions, being class I of transposable elements (16.65%) predominant. The annotation estimated 34,287 gene models. Comparative analysis of this genome with the 2 cone snail genomes released to date (Dendroconus betulinus and Lautoconus ventricosus) revealed similar genome sizes and organization, although chromosome sizes tended to be shorter in K. canariensis. Phylogenetic relationships within subclass Caenogastropoda were recovered with strong statistical support. The family Conidae was recovered as a clade, with K. canariensis plus L. ventricosus sister to D. betulinus. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the great diversity of cone snails (>900 species) and their venoms (hundreds of peptides per species), only 2 recently reported genomes are available for the group. The high-quality chromosome-level assembly of K. canariensis will be a valuable reference for studying the origin and evolution of conotoxin genes as well as whole-genome duplication events during gastropod evolution

Multiple Independent Retroelement Insertions in the Promoter of a Stress Response Gene Have Variable Molecular and Functional Effects in Drosophila

[Abstract] Promoters are structurally and functionally diverse gene regulatory regions. The presence or absence of sequence motifs and the spacing between the motifs defines the properties of promoters. Recent alternative promoter usage analyses in Drosophila melanogaster revealed that transposable elements significantly contribute to promote diversity. In this work, we analyzed in detail one of the transposable element insertions, named FBti0019985, that has been co-opted to drive expression of CG18446, a candidate stress response gene. We analyzed strains from different natural populations and we found that besides FBti0019985, there are another eight independent transposable elements inserted in the proximal promoter region of CG18446. All nine insertions are solo-LTRs that belong to the roo family. We analyzed the sequence of the nine roo insertions and we investigated whether the different insertions were functionally equivalent by performing 5’-RACE, gene expression, and cold-stress survival experiments. We found that different insertions have different molecular and functional consequences. The exact position where the transposable elements are inserted matters, as they all showed highly conserved sequences but only two of the analyzed insertions provided alternative transcription start sites, and only the FBti0019985 insertion consistently affects CG18446 expression. The phenotypic consequences of the different insertions also vary: only FBti0019985 was associated with cold-stress tolerance. Interestingly, the only previous report of transposable elements inserting repeatedly and independently in a promoter region in D. melanogaster, were also located upstream of a stress response gene. Our results suggest that functional validation of individual structural variants is needed to resolve the complexity of insertion clusters.[Author Summary] The presence of several transposable element insertions in the promoter region of a Drosophila melanogaster gene has only been described in heat shock protein genes. In this work, we have discovered and characterized in detail several naturally occurring independent transposable element insertions in the promoter region of a cold-stress response gene in the fruitfly Drosophila melanogaster. The nine transposable element insertions described are clustered in a small 368 bp region and all belong to the same family of transposable elements: the roo family. Each individual insertion is present at relatively low population frequencies, ranging from 1% to 17%. However, the majority of strains analyzed contain one of these nine roo insertions suggesting that this region might be evolving under positive selection. Although the sequence of these insertions is highly similar, their molecular and functional consequences are different. Only one of them, FBti0019985, is associated with increased viability in nonstress and in cold-stress conditions.This work was supported by the Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO: http://www.idi.mineco.gob.es) BFU-2011-24397 and RYC-2010-07306 to JG, and BES-2012-052999 to AU, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad and Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (MINECO/FEDER:http://www.idi.mineco.gob.es) BFU2014-57779-P, the European Commission (https://ec.europa.eu) FP7-PEOPLE-2011-CIG-293860, the Secretaria d’Universitats i Recerca del Departament d’Economia i Coneixement de la Generalitat de Catalunya (http://agaur.gencat.cat) 2014-SGR-201 to JG, and by the Agence Nationale de la Recherche (http://www.agence-nationale-recherche.fr) ANR-14-CE02-0003 to MARdC.USD 2250 APC fee funded by the EC FP7 Post-Grant Open Access PilotPeer reviewe