Investigación sobre los motivos por los que los estudiantes universitarios practican deporte. El caso de la Universidad de Granada

A través de este trabajo se pretende conocer cuál es la motivación de los estudiantes de la Universidad de Granada por la actividad física dentro de las actividades deportivas organizadas por dicho organismo. Con este fin, se seleccionó una muestra de 50 jóvenes universitarios que realizan deporte dentro de estasactividades, empleando para ello una escala de opinión tipo Lickert con 6 categorías y 26 motivos hacia los cuales los cuestionados debían mostrar su grado de conformidad. Después del análisis estadístico, secomprobó cómo la categoría mejor puntuada fue la denominada como Forma Física - Salud, restandoimportancia a los aspectos relacionados con las Razones Situacionales y de Autorrealización. A su vez, se determinaron las diferencias en cuanto al sexo por la práctica deportiva en estas actividades organizadas por la Universidad de Granada, comprobando que las chicas valoran más los aspectos socializadores y de práctica en grupo que los chicos.Through this paper, the motivation of Granada University ́s students for the physical activity in the sport program of this organization has tried to be known. With this aim, fifty-five students who are participants in these activities were selected to complete a Lickert ́s Scale with six factors and twenty-six items. Next to statistic analysis, the best factor chosen was "Fitness - Health", taking away importance to the aspects related with "Situacional Reasons" and "Self-realization". At the same time, sexual differences related with physical activity in these activities organized by Granada University were determined, verifying that girls value more the socializators and group practice aspects than boys

Prolactin responses to stress induced by a competitive swimming effort

Purpose:The aim of the present study was to investigate the changes in prolactin (PRL) plasma concentrations induced by competitive swimming practice. Methods:Twenty-three males, 13 trained swimmers (experimental group) and 10 sedentary and healthy students (age-matched control group) took part in this investigation. The swimmers were assessed at three points: basal conditions, pre-and post-swimming competition (100 m freestyle), whereas subjects from the control group only undertook the basal trial. The variables analysed were: several body composition measures, anxiety level (STAI questionnaire), PRL and lactic acid concentrations. Results:No statistical differences were observed in PRL basal levels between groups. An evident PRL response to pre-competition psychological stress was observed in the experimental group, since the PRL plasma concentration rosefrom 4.02±0.53 ng/ml (basal conditions) to 5.52±0.53 ng/ml (p≤0.05). The PRL response to the competitive effort produced an important increase in its plasma concentration (10.07±1.59 ng/ml), showed statistical differences from pre-competition (p≤0.01) and from basal conditions (p≤0.001). A significant rise in plasma lactate levels just at the end of the effort was found, although it did not correlate with PRL levels in the same situation. Conclusion:While we observed a remarkable response of PRL to psychological and physiological stress induced by a short term competitive effort in swimming, no changes in PRL basal levels were exhibitedwith swim training. More research is needed to clarify these findings

Centro de desarrollo vivencial e integrador

Este texto contiene cinco capítulos, en los cuales se analiza los siguientes temas: El paisaje y la arquitectura en beneficio para el usuario, el desarrollo individual y colectivo o para determinar un método, Calderón como el sitio escogido para la implantación del proyecto, programa y concepto, ideas y propuestas para determinar un objeto arquitectónico, y por último Centro de Desarrollo, la materialización de las ideas. En el primer capítulo se estudian referentes que relacionan la actividad diaria productiva, con la actividad de recreación, para determinar el comportamiento del usuario. El capítulo número dos investiga los niveles de educación en el país, datos estadísticos que muestran numéricamente la realidad que se afronta. A partir de los datos se realiza una investigación de pedagogías que determinan el mejor método para aplicarlo en la actualidad, siguiente a esto se propone tres sitios a intervenir donde se muestra que son lugares que carecen de un servicio educacional. En el tercer capítulo se analiza detalladamente el lugar escogido para la implantación del proyecto, se analiza a nivel urbano hasta llegar al punto específico de implantación. En el cuarto capítulo se estudian dos referentes que ayudan a la elaboración de un programa urbano. Así mismo se estudia un programa específico que se desarrolla en este trabajo. Seguido de esto se propone un concepto para determinar el objeto arquitectónico. En el último capítulo, se hará una descripción del espacio, materiales, estructura, teniendo en cuenta todos los datos estudiados y propuestos

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Programa de cumplimiento normativo penal: La acreditación de su eficacia en el proceso judicial: Comentario al Auto núm. 179/2022 de 14 de marzo, Audiencia Nacional (Sala de lo Penal, Sección 4ª)

The aim of this commentary, based on the problems raised in Order no. 179/2022 of 14 March, Audiencia Nacional (Criminal Division, 4th Section), is to analyse the procedural moment at which the existence of the criminal compliance programme must be accredited and what requirements it must meet in order to be useful, valid and effective, so that a hypothetical evaluation in a judicial proceeding would be positive and would be a cause for criminal exoneration of the legal entity. The Order, which clarifies the matter, highlights the existing shortcomings and disparate criteria in the area of criminal compliance, both substantive and procedural.Este comentario tiene como objetivo, partiendo de la problemática planteada en el Auto núm. 179/2022 de 14 de marzo, Audiencia Nacional (Sala de lo Penal, Sección 4ª), analizar el momento procesal en el que se debe acreditar la existencia del programa de cumplimiento normativo penal y cuáles son los requisitos que debe reunir este para que sea útil, válido y eficaz de tal forma que una hipotética evaluación en un procedimiento judicial resulte positiva y sea causa suficiente de exoneración penal de la persona jurídica. El Auto, clarificador en la materia, pone de manifiesto las carencias y criterios dispares existentes en materia de compliance penal, tanto de carácter sustantivo como procesal

Prolactin responses to stress induced by a competitive swimming effort

Purpose: The aim of the present study was to investigate the changes in prolactin (PRL) plasma concentrations induced by competitive swimming practice. Methods: Twenty-three males, 13 trained swimmers (experimental group) and 10 sedentary and healthy students (age-matched control group) took part in this investigation. The swimmers were assessed at three points: basal conditions, pre- and post-swimming competition (100 m freestyle), whereas subjects from the control group only undertook the basal trial. The variables analysed were: several body composition measures, anxiety level (STAI questionnaire), PRL and lactic acid concentrations. Results: No statistical differences were observed in PRL basal levels between groups. An evident PRL response to pre-competition psychological stress was observed in the experimental group, since the PRL plasma concentration rose from 4.02±0.53 ng/ml (basal conditions) to 5.52±0.53 ng/ml (p≤0.05). The PRL response to the competitive effort produced an important increase in its plasma concentration (10.07±1.59 ng/ml), showed statistical differences from pre-competition (p≤0.01) and from basal conditions (p≤0.001). A significant rise in plasma lactate levels just at the end of the effort was found, although it did not correlate with PRL levels in the same situation. Conclusion: While we observed a remarkable response of PRL to psychological and physiological stress induced by a short term competitive effort in swimming, no changes in PRL basal levels were exhibited with swim training. More research is needed to clarify these findings

Robust signatures in the current-voltage characteristics of DNA molecules oriented between two graphene nanoribbon electrodes

In this work we numerically calculate the electric current through three kinds of DNA sequences (telomeric, \lambda-DNA, and p53-DNA) described by different heuristic models. A bias voltage is applied between two zig-zag edged graphene contacts attached to the DNA segments, while a gate terminal modulates the conductance of the molecule. The calculation of current is performed by integrating the transmission function (calculated using the lattice Green's function) over the range of energies allowed by the chemical potentials. We show that a telomeric DNA sequence, when treated as a quantum wire in the fully coherent low-temperature regime, works as an excellent semiconductor. Clear steps are apparent in the current-voltage curves of telomeric sequences and are present independent of lengths and sequence initialisation at the contacts. The current-voltage curves suggest the existence of stepped structures independent of length and sequencing initialisation at the contacts. We also find that the molecule-electrode coupling can drastically influence the magnitude of the current. The difference between telomeric DNA and other DNA, such as \lambda-DNA and DNA for the tumour suppressor p53, is particularly visible in the length dependence of the current