Whole Grain Products, Fish and Bilberries Alter Glucose and Lipid Metabolism in a Randomized, Controlled Trial: The Sysdimet Study

Due to the growing prevalence of type 2 diabetes, new dietary solutions are needed to help improve glucose and lipid metabolism in persons at high risk of developing the disease. Herein we investigated the effects of low-insulin-response grain products, fatty fish, and berries on glucose metabolism and plasma lipidomic profiles in persons with impaired glucose metabolism.Altogether 106 men and women with impaired glucose metabolism and with at least two other features of the metabolic syndrome were included in a 12-week parallel dietary intervention. The participants were randomized into three diet intervention groups: (1) whole grain and low postprandial insulin response grain products, fatty fish three times a week, and bilberries three portions per day (HealthyDiet group), (2) Whole grain enriched diet (WGED) group, which includes principally the same grain products as group (1), but with no change in fish or berry consumption, and (3) refined wheat breads (Control). Oral glucose tolerance, plasma fatty acids and lipidomic profiles were measured before and after the intervention. Self-reported compliance with the diets was good and the body weight remained constant. Within the HealthyDiet group two hour glucose concentration and area-under-the-curve for glucose decreased and plasma proportion of (n-3) long-chain PUFAs increased (False Discovery Rate p-values <0.05). Increases in eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid associated curvilinearly with the improved insulin secretion and glucose disposal. Among the 364 characterized lipids, 25 changed significantly in the HealthyDiet group, including multiple triglycerides incorporating the long chain (n-3) PUFA.The results suggest that the diet rich in whole grain and low insulin response grain products, bilberries, and fatty fish improve glucose metabolism and alter the lipidomic profile. Therefore, such a diet may have a beneficial effect in the efforts to prevent type 2 diabetes in high risk persons.ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00573781

Biogenic amine production and nucleotide ratios in gutted wild sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) stored in ice, wrapped in aluminium foil and wrapped in cling film at 4 degrees C

WOS: 000236539600011Biogenic amine profiles and nucleotide ratios for wild sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) stored in ice, in boxes without ice, wrapped in aluminium foil (WAF) and wrapped in cling film (WCF) at 4 degrees C were studied. Ten biogenic amines (histamine putrescine, cadaverine, spermidine, spermine, tryptamine, tyramine, 2-phenylethylamine, agmatine and serotonin) and nucleotide ratios (K-value, Ki-value, H-value and G-value) were determined. The mean value of K, Ki, H and G was 66%, 72%, 13% and 81%, respectively, when the fish reached the limit of acceptability to the panellists. Linearity (r(2)) of K, Ki, H and G values for all storage conditions was 0.94-0.96, 0.94-0.96, 0.88-094 and 0.94-0.98, respectively. The mean values of K, Ki and G were higher in WCF than WAF and fish stored in ice except on day 8. The highest K, Ki and G values were obtained from fish wrapped in cling film, followed by fish in aluminium foil and fish stored in ice. Histamine was detected only towards the end of the storage time for WAF and WCF. As storage time progressed, cadaverine, spermidine and spermine became the dominant amines reaching 11, 8.9 and 10 mg/kg, respectively, at days 12 of storage in ice. Putrescine and tryptamine contents also rose steadily to reach 5.8 and 2.1 mg/ kg, respectively. The levels of biogenic amines were significantly higher in sea bass stored in WCF and WAF as compared with the iced storage conditions. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

Seasonal effects in the nutritional quality of the body structural tissue of cephalopods

The most commonly-consumed cephalopods around the world (the common cuttlefish, Sepia officinalis, European squid, Loligo vulgaris, common octopus, Octopus vulgaris and musky octopus, Eledone moschata) were evaluated in terms of seasonal variations in proximate and fatty acid compositions. The arms of the octopuses were used for this study, whereas the mantle of the other species (squids and cuttlefish) were used for the analyses. The lipid contents of species were found to be very low and considered as lean. The lowest lipid content was obtained from E. moschata (0.60-0.68%), whereas L. vulgaris gave the highest level of lipid (1.34-1.92%) throughout all seasons. Unlike lipid content, protein contents of cephalopods did not change across the seasons. The fatty acid compositions of each species ranged from 28.18% to 35.28% saturated (SFA), 4.36-9.47% monounsaturated (MUFAs) and 43.58-56.55% polyunsaturated acids (PUFAs). The highest proportions of fatty acids in cephalopods were myristic acid (C14:0, 0.96-2.96%), palmitic acid (C16:0, 15.53-25.20%), heptadecanoic acid (C17:0, 1.05-2.56%), stearic acid (C18:0, 4.32-9.96%), oleic acid (cis18:1 n-9, 1.80-4.29%), cis-11-eicosenoic acid (C20:1, 2.07-4.69%), linoleic acid (C18:2 n-6, 0.17-1.95%), arachidonic acid (C20:4 n-6, 1.48-11.65%), cis-5,8,11,14,17-eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, C20:5 n-3, 7.86-16.97%) and cis-4,7,10,13,16,19-docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22:6 n-3, 20.99-39.00%). The results indicated that these cephalopod species are excellent protein sources and very rich in n-3 fatty acids. © 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

The impact of applying natural clinoptilolite (zeolite) on the chemical, sensory and microbiological changes of vacuum packed sardine fillets

Different doses (1% and 5%) of natural zeolite were applied to determine quality changes in vacuum packaged sardine fillets during 19days at 4±1°C. Zeolite had an effect to improve sensory quality of sardine especially for removing off-odour. The acceptable shelf life of vacuum packaged sardine was 8days for control and 12days for groups treated with 1% and 5% zeolite. The zeolite application resulted in significant reduction in total volatile basic nitrogen values, except for group treated with 5% zeolite at 15days. Although the effect of zeolite depended on dose and specific storage days, application of zeolite had no effect on free fatty acid analysis. The use of zeolite significantly reduced ammonia and biogenic amine accumulation, especially for histamine and tyramine. The result of the study showed that the efficacy of zeolite as natural antimicrobials was high and lower dose of zeolite has to be applied to get maximum preservation effect. © 2012 Institute of Food Science and Technology

Histological and ultrastructural changes in rabbit's nasal turbinate after use of radiofrequency thermal ablation

Morphological and Ultrastructural properties of changes caused by use of radiofrequency wave energy - RFTA (500 J, 70°C) in rabbit's lower nasal turbinate mucous membrane was studied. It proved that 7 days later this influence causes morphological and ultrastructural changes in the mucous membrane of the turbinate such as disorders of the epithelium, shortening of cilia and decrease in their number or disappearance, degeneration of microtubular pairs, dinein arms, thickening in basal membrane, irregularity, and subepithelial fibrosis. 8 weeks after influence of radiofrequency wave disorders in epithelium, cilia and basal membrane are diminished, at the same time subepithelial fibrosis remains at the level of the 7th day of the influence. By the time, these changes may be evaluated as indices of continuation of regenerative process in turbinates, decrease in their volume and nasal obstruction

Ultrastructural damage in vascular endothelium in rats treated with paclitaxel and doxorubicin

Meeting of the Society-for-Ultrastructural-Pathology/Annual Session of the United-States-and-Canadian-Academy-of-Pathology -- FEB, 2005 -- San Antonio, TXWOS: 000238155000012PubMed: 16517476Endothelium is the first physiological barrier between blood and tissues and can be injured by physical or chemical stress, particularly by the drugs used in the cancer therapy. Paclitaxel and doxorubicin are frequently used anticancer drugs and their cardiac side effects are well observed in clinical setting. Their side effects on the endothelium are still not clear enough. There are few investigations assessing the damages elicited by the combination use of chemotherapy agents in animal experimental models. The purpose of this study was to examine and compare the side effects of doxorubicin and paclitaxel on endothelium in vivo. The drugs were administered weekly to rats via intraperitoneal injections singly or in combinations. Lastly, aorta endothelium was examined. The most familiar parts of the aorta endothelium are the nucleus, free ribosomes, Weibel-Palada granules, plasmalemmal vesicles, and clear basement membrane. Examination of the endothelium and the related structures revealed some clear degenerative findings. Notably, administration of a paclitaxel and doxorubicin combinations caused the most dramatic change in ultrastructure, which may disrupt many functions of the endothelium.Soc Ultrastructural Pathol, US Canadian Acad Patho

Immunohistochemical localization of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF-r) and transforming growth factor alpha (TGF-α) in developing human ovarian follicles

In this study, we aimed to detect the distribution of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF-r) and transforming growth factor alpha in ovarian follicles at different stages. Indirect immunohistochemical methods and EGF-r polyclonal and TGF-α monoclonal antibodies were used; tissues were examined with light microscope. While dense collection of both growth factors were observed in primordial follicles, there was a strong reaction especially for EGF-r in follicles. Strong reactivity for EGF-r and moderate reactivity for TGF- α were observed in the nearby connective tissue. In examinations of primary follicles for EGF-r presence only, dye uptake was moderate in oocytes and dense in apical and basal cytoplasm of follicle cells. Reactivity was moderate in the nearby connective tissue. In the corpus luteum, there was weak reaction for both growth factors. But in stromal cells, reaction was strong. In degenerated follicle cells and in stroma of atretic follicles, reaction was positive for both growth factors; but EGF-r reactivity was more obvious. While strong staining was observed for both factors especially in granulosa cells surrounding the oocyte in Graafian follicle, moderate TGF-a reactivity was determined in oocyte cytoplasm. In conclusion, it is possible that EGF-r and TGF- α have ortocrine and paracrine effects on development and regression of human ovarian follicles

Immunohistochemical localization of beta1 and beta4 integrins in mouse endometrium during implantation and early pregnancy.

Implantation presents the remarkable synchronisation between the development of embryo and differentiation of endometrium. Cell-cell adhesion is an important phenomenon taking place during blastocyst implantation in uterine membrane. We think that the investigation of existence and the level of integrins in women can be a guide for treatment of infertility. Our purpose in this study was to show expression beta1 and beta4 integrins on gestational days 4, 6, 12 by immunohistochemical methods and to investigate whether beta4 integrin is a useful marker for receptivity. beta1 and beta4 integrin were exhibited on surface epithelium on gestational day 4. On the other hand, strong beta4 immunoreactivity was detected on surface epithelium and glandular cells on gestational day 12 but no beta1 reactivity was present in the surface epithelium and glandular cells on day 12. In conclusion, both beta1 and beta4 integrins may have a role in implantation process because positive immunoreactivity was seen on apical membrane of surface epithelium on day 4 when implantation occurred. The localization to apical pole of surface epithelium suggest a role for beta1, beta4 integrins in initial embryo and endometrium interaction. It does not seem that beta1 integrin has a role supporting pregnancy since expression of beta4 on surface epithelium and glandular epithelium disappeared on day 12. beta4 integrin expression increasing on day 12 of pregnancy leads us to think a possible functional role supporting pregnancy