Use of Pleurotus pulmonarius to change the nutritional quality of wheat straw. I. effect on chemical composition

The effect of Pleurotus pulmonarius on the chemical composition of wheat straw was evaluated. Wheat straw, treated and untreated with P. pulmonarius, was obtained from a commercial facility. Ten samples plastic bags of wheat straw used previously as substrate to culture edible fungus were collected at random. The negative control group consisted of the pasteurized wheat straw untreated with P. pulmonarius. All samples were analyzed to determine dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, cellulose and hemicellulose of each wheat straw. Data were analyzed by mean comparison using a t-Student test. No differences (P>0.05) between treatments were found for dry matter, crude protein and hemicellulose; however, straw treated with P. pulmonarius showed higher percentages (P<0.05) of organic matter, neutral and acid detergent fiber. It is concluded that growing P. pulmonarius in wheat straw improves the chemical composition of the straw by increasing its organic matter content and modifies the fiber structure, which increases the soluble carbohydrates content

Non-ionizing radiofrequency electromagnetic waves traversing the head can be used to detect cerebrovascular autoregulation responses

Monitoring changes in non-ionizing radiofrequency electromagnetic waves as they traverse the brain can detect the effects of stimuli employed in cerebrovascular autoregulation (CVA) tests on the brain, without contact and in real time. CVA is a physiological phenomenon of importance to health, used for diagnosis of a number of diseases of the brain with a vascular component. The technology described here is being developed for use in diagnosis of injuries and diseases of the brain in rural and economically underdeveloped parts of the world. A group of nine subjects participated in this pilot clinical evaluation of the technology. Substantial research remains to be done on correlating the measurements with physiology and anatomy

Determinants of regurgitant volume in mitral regurgitation: contrasting effect of similar effective regurgitant orifice area in functional and organic mitral regurgitation

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Utilization of the male toad and ovarian hyperemia tests in the diagnosis of pregnancy in the female asses and mares bred to a jack

O artigo apresenta resumo em inglês.The results with the utilization of the male toad and ovarian hyperemia tests for the diagnosis of pregnancy in she-asses and mares bred to a jack were described. In the studies with she-asses, 96 male toad tests, performed on Bufo marinus L., and 100 ovarian hyperemia tests in the immature rat, with blood drawn from 34 females 38 to 107 day following the date of the last breeding, were carried out simultaneously. With the male toad test only negative results could be obtained. So, of 96 tests, 44 were in agreement (not pregnant) and 52 not in agreement (false-negative reactions). These results proved the inefficiency of the test as a mean for the detection of pregnancy in she-asses. However, the accuracy was better with the ovarian hyperemia test; of 100 reactions, 85 were in agreement (41 positive and 44 negative) and 15 were not in agreement (10 false positive and 5 false negative). In the work with mares bred to a jack, 34 male toad tests and 34 ovarian hyperemia tests, with blood drawn from 16 females 39 to 97 day following the date of the last breeding, were also carried out simultaneously. The results proved the inefficiency of both tests. Of the 34 male toad reactions, 19 were negative and in agreement and 15 were false-negative; no positive result could also be shown. Of the 34 ovarian hyperemia tests, 22 were in agreement (3 positive and 19 negative) and 12 not in agreement (all false negative). These results appear to indicate that gonadotrophin is secreted at a reduced level, not only in pregnant she-asses but also in mares bred to a jack, as has been reported by other authors. The male toad test appeared to be less sensible to gonadotrophin than the ovarian hyperemia test in immature rat

Prevalence of productive impact diseases in cattle in Gomez Farias County, Jalisco, Mexico

Andrés Ixtlán, Gómez Farías county, Jalisco, México; through the monthly collection from clinical cases data, attended from January 2019 to January 2020, in seven smallholders dairy farms. Design/Methodology/Approach: Seven different smallholder livestock production units, mainly semi-stalled dairy cows, were monitored from January 2019 to January 2020, To calculate the frequency of the disease, the prevalence rate (PR) and the cumulative incidence rate (CIR) were determined, through the following equations: PR = (Total cases in a population at a given place and time / Total population at that place and given time

Controle interno como ferramenta de gestão na prevenção e redução de fraudes e erros nas organizações empresariais / Internal control as a management tool in the prevention and reduction of fraud and errors in business organizations

O presente artigo trata-se de uma revisão bibliográfica, que aborda sobre o controle interno. Que são os sistemas usados por uma organização para gerenciar riscos e diminuir as fraudes. A estrutura desse mecanismo é composta pelos fatores de controle, pelas ferramentas da contabilidade e por procedimentos denominados atividades de controle. Um sistema de controle interno devidamente projetado e funcionando não eliminará o risco de perda, mas o reduzirá. A presente pesquisa tem como objetivo principal descrever e relacionar a importância do controle interno como mecanismo essencial para o controle de fraudes em empresa. Já os objetivos específicos são: apresentar as ferramentas e estratégias utilizadas para o segmento do controle interno organizacional; descrever o papel da contabilidade na gestão do controle interno de uma empresa e relacionar o controle de fraudes em empresas com a eficácia do controle interno. O presente artigo tem intuito de responder a seguinte pergunta problema: de que forma uma organização pode estabelecer a necessidade da implantação de sistemas para o controle interno e qual a segurança que essa implantação possa garantir a redução de riscos e ocorrência de fraudes? Portanto, o presente artigo trata-se de uma revisão de literatura que utiliza os fins exploratórios, com a utilização e análise de artigos científicos e livros que abordam a temática escolhida nessa pesquisa. Sendo esperado com o desenvolvimento da pesquisa que as informações selecionadas possam alcançar os objetivos estabelecidos e responder à pergunta problema escolhida. Além de servir como material de apoio para acadêmicos e recém-formados e profissionais da área

Performance of the ROX index to predict intubation in immunocompromised patients receiving high-flow nasal cannula for acute respiratory failure

Background Delayed intubation is associated with high mortality. There is a lack of objective criteria to decide the time of intubation. We assessed a recently described combined oxygenation index (ROX index) to predict intubation in immunocompromised patients. The study is a secondary analysis of randomized trials in immunocompromised patients, including all patients who received high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC). The first objective was to evaluate the accuracy of the ROX index to predict intubation for patients with acute respiratory failure. Results In the study, 302 patients received HFNC. Acute respiratory failure was mostly related to pneumonia (n = 150, 49.7%). Within 2 (1-3) days, 115 (38.1%) patients were intubated. The ICU mortality rate was 27.4% (n = 83). At 6 h, the ROX index was lower for patients who needed intubation compared with those who did not [4.79 (3.69-7.01) vs. 6.10 (4.48-8.68), p < 0.001]. The accuracy of the ROX index to predict intubation was poor [AUC = 0.623 (0.557-0.689)], with low performance using the threshold previously found (4.88). In multivariate analysis, a higher ROX index was still independently associated with a lower intubation rate (OR = 0.89 [0.82-0.96], p = 0.04). Conclusion A ROX index greater than 4.88 appears to have a poor ability to predict intubation in immunocompromised patients with acute respiratory failure, although it remains highly associated with the risk of intubation and may be useful to stratify such risk in future studies

Detection and verification of malting quality QTLs using wild barley introgression lines

A malting quality quantitative trait locus (QTL) study was conducted using a set of 39 wild barley introgression lines (hereafter abbreviated with S42ILs). Each S42IL harbors a single marker-defined chromosomal segment from the wild barley accession ‘ISR 42-8’ (Hordeum vulgare ssp. spontaneum) within the genetic background of the elite spring barley cultivar ‘Scarlett’ (Hordeum vulgare ssp. vulgare). The aim of the study was (1) to verify genetic effects previously identified in the advanced backcross population S42, (2) to detect new QTLs, and (3) to identify S42ILs exhibiting multiple QTL effects. For this, grain samples from field tests in three different environments were subjected to micro malting. Subsequently, a line × phenotype association study was performed with the S42ILs in order to localize putative QTL effects. A QTL was accepted if the trait value of a particular S42IL was significantly (P < 0.05) different from the recurrent parent as a control, either across all tested environments or in a particular environment. For eight malting quality traits, altogether 40 QTLs were localized, among which 35 QTLs (87.5%) were stable across all environments. Six QTLs (15.0%) revealed a trait improving wild barley effect. Out of 36 QTLs detected in a previous advanced backcross QTL study with the parent BC2DH population S42, 18 QTLs (50.0%) could be verified with the S42IL set. For the quality parameters α-amylase activity and Hartong 45°C, all QTLs assessed in population S42 were verified by S42ILs. In addition, eight new QTL effects and 17 QTLs affecting two newly investigated traits were localized. Two QTL clusters harboring simultaneous effects on eight and six traits, respectively, were mapped to chromosomes 1H and 4H. In future, fine-mapping of these QTL regions will be conducted in order to shed further light on the genetic basis of the most interesting QTLs

Nunataryuk field campaigns: understanding the origin and fate of terrestrial organic matter in the coastal waters of the Mackenzie Delta region

Climate warming and related drivers of soil thermal change in the Arctic are expected to modify the distribution and dynamics of carbon contained in perennially frozen grounds. Thawing of permafrost in the Mackenzie River watershed of northwestern Canada, coupled with increases in river discharge and coastal erosion, triggers the release of terrestrial organic matter (OMt) from the largest Arctic drainage basin in North America into the Arctic Ocean. While this process is ongoing and its rate is accelerating, the fate of the newly mobilized organic matter as it transits from the watershed through the delta and into the marine system remains poorly understood. In the framework of the European Horizon 2020 Nunataryuk programme, and as part of the Work Package 4 (WP4) Coastal Waters theme, four field expeditions were conducted in the Mackenzie Delta region and southern Beaufort Sea from April to September 2019. The temporal sampling design allowed the survey of ambient conditions in the coastal waters under full ice cover prior to the spring freshet, during ice breakup in summer, and anterior to the freeze-up period in fall. To capture the fluvial–marine transition zone, and with distinct challenges related to shallow waters and changing seasonal and meteorological conditions, the field sampling was conducted in close partnership with members of the communities of Aklavik, Inuvik and Tuktoyaktuk, using several platforms, namely helicopters, snowmobiles, and small boats. Water column profiles of physical and optical variables were measured in situ, while surface water, groundwater, and sediment samples were collected and preserved for the determination of the composition and sources of OMt, including particulate and dissolved organic carbon (POC and DOC), and colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM), as well as a suite of physical, chemical, and biological variables. Here we present an overview of the standardized datasets, including hydrographic profiles, remote sensing reflectance, temperature and salinity, particle absorption, nutrients, dissolved organic carbon, particulate organic carbon, particulate organic nitrogen, CDOM absorption, fluorescent dissolved organic matter intensity, suspended particulate matter, total particulate carbon, total particulate nitrogen, stable water isotopes, radon in water, bacterial abundance, and a string of phytoplankton pigments including total chlorophyll. Datasets and related metadata can be found in Juhls et al. (2021) (https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.937587).</p

Increased 30-Day Mortality in Very Old ICU Patients with COVID-19 Compared to Patients with Respiratory Failure without COVID-19

Purpose: The number of patients ≥ 80 years admitted into critical care is increasing. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) added another challenge for clinical decisions for both admission and limitation of life-sustaining treatments (LLST). We aimed to compare the characteristics and mortality of very old critically ill patients with or without COVID-19 with a focus on LLST. Methods: Patients 80 years or older with acute respiratory failure were recruited from the VIP2 and COVIP studies. Baseline patient characteristics, interventions in intensive care unit (ICU) and outcomes (30-day survival) were recorded. COVID patients were matched to non-COVID patients based on the following factors: age (± 2 years), Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score (± 2 points), clinical frailty scale (± 1 point), gender and region on a 1:2 ratio. Specific ICU procedures and LLST were compared between the cohorts by means of cumulative incidence curves taking into account the competing risk of discharge and death. Results: 693 COVID patients were compared to 1393 non-COVID patients. COVID patients were younger, less frail, less severely ill with lower SOFA score, but were treated more often with invasive mechanical ventilation (MV) and had a lower 30-day survival. 404 COVID patients could be matched to 666 non-COVID patients. For COVID patients, withholding and withdrawing of LST were more frequent than for non-COVID and the 30-day survival was almost half compared to non-COVID patients. Conclusion: Very old COVID patients have a different trajectory than non-COVID patients. Whether this finding is due to a decision policy with more active treatment limitation or to an inherent higher risk of death due to COVID-19 is unclear.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio