PREDICTION OF PUBLIC BUS TRANSPORT DEMAND AND BUS FARE ANALYSES IN URBAN AREAS: AS A DENIZLI CASE STUDY

Kentiçi ulaşım sistemlerindeki türel ayrım oranlarının ve özel araçlara olan talebin hızla değişmesinden dolayı gelişmiş ve gelişmekte olan ülkelerdeki orta ve büyük ölçekli şehirlerde trafik sıkışıklığı ve tıkanıklarını hızla artmaktadır. Ayrıca, konfor ve erişebilirlik beklentilerinin de yükselmesi, özel araç kullanımını artırmakta ve toplu taşım kullanım oranının azalmasına neden olmaktadır. Toplu taşım sistemleri, arzu edilen servis kalitesini sağlayabilmek için arz ve talep arasındaki dengeyi sağlamalıdır. Bu nedenle, bir toplu taşım sistemi tasarlanırken diğer tüm sistemlere olan talep belirlenmeli ve bu talepler tasarımda hesaba katılmalıdır. Ayrıca, hızlı nüfus artışı ve köyden kente göçün artması nedeniyle artan toplu taşım talebinin yönetilmesi gerekliliği açıktır. Bu sebeple değinilen konuların önemi doğrultusunda, toplu taşım talebinin belirlenmesi, tahmin edilmesi ve geleceğe yönelik olarak toplu taşım yönetim şekillerinin oluşturulması bu çalışmanın önemini açıkça ortaya koymaktadır. Çalışma kapsamında, Denizli kentinde kentiçi otobüsle toplu taşıma sisteminin değerlendirilmesi yapılmış ve geleceğe yönelik talep tahmini ile birlikte işletme maliyetlerini de dikkate alarak bilet fiyat analizleri yapılmıştır. Yapılan analizlerde otobüsle toplu taşım talebi, talebe dayalı yıllık ortalama artış oranı, Kraft Talep Modeli, sabit mobilite faktörü kullanılmıştır. Tahminlere bağlı olarak geliştirilen farklı senaryolar altında arz-talep analizi yapılmıştır. Sonuçlar, Kraft Talep modelinin kentiçi otobüs taşımacılığına olan talebin belirlenerek bilet ücretlerinin bugün ve gelecekte kolaylıkla planlanabileceğini göstermiştir. Traffic congestions have increased in large and medium size cities in developed and developing countries because of changes in mode choices and increase on demand for private vehicles. In addition, increase on expectations for comfort and access has led to frequent use of private vehicles and caused decrease on the use of urban mass transportation. Mass transportation systems should ensure equilibrium of demand and supply to provide desired level of service. Therefore, while mass transportation systems are being planned, demand for other systems should be determined and taken into consideration in planning. Furthermore, public transport demand should be managed because of rapid population growth and migration. The purpose of this study is to determine the current use of mass transportation and estimate the future demand for mass transportation accordingly and compose mass transportation management patterns for future. In this study, urban public bus transport system in Denizli has been evaluated and the bus fare analyses are carried out taking into account future demand with the operating costs. The demand analyses including the Kraft Demand Model, fixed mobility factor and average annual growth rate are performed. Under different scenarios supply demand analyses were conducted. Results showed that bus fare in current and future cases can be easily determined. It also showed that Kraft Demand Model may be used for demand and bus fare analyses

Effects of the surface form and aging to impact performance of the composite plates

Bu çalışmada tuzlu suda 50 santigrat derece sıcaklıkta bir hafta boyunca bekletilerek yaşlandırılmış E-glass/epoksi tabakalı kompozitlerin düşük hızlı darbe altındaki dinamik cevabı deneysel olarak araştırılmıştır. Tek yönlü takviyelendirilmiş tabakalar [55/55/90]s şeklinde düzenlenerek 4 tabakalı numuneler elde edilmiştir ve bu numunelere hızlandırılmış yaşlandırma işlemi uygulanmıştır. Darbe testleri düşey ağırlık düşürme test cihazı ile yapılmıştır. Darbe testlerinde kullanılan vurucu 24 mm çapında, yarı küresel uçlu bir geometriye sahiptir. Vurucu kütlesi 4,926 kg' dır. Testler 4,58 m/s' lik çarpma hızı ve 20 J enerji seviyesinde yapılmıştır. Çalışmalarda 100 mm x 100 mm ebatlarındaki 4 farklı yüzey formuna sahip numuneler, özel imal edilen aparatlar yardımıyla darbe testlerine tabi tutulmuşlardır. Testlerin sonunda numuneler tarafından yutulan enerji değerleri, hasar modları, temas kuvvetleri birbirleriyle karşılaştırılmıştır. In this study, it has been investigated that dynamic response of the aged composite of E-glass/epoxy layers under low-velocity impact with experimental. Single direction reinforced layers were put in order like to [55/55/0]s and 4 layers samples were obtained. Four different surface form samples were produced. The impact tests were conducted with a vertical drop weight testing machine. The impactor has 24 mm in diameter and its mass is 4.926 kg, and it has a geometric figure of a semi globe point. The impact speeds that tests were done with 4.58 m/s velocity and 20 j energy. In the studies, the samples that 100 mm x 100 mm dimensions and four different surface form had been tied to mould which have 100 mm diameters and were applied the impact tests. End of the experiments, It has been investigated absorbed energy, quantity of damage, power of contact and deformations

Original Research Association between serum vitamin D levels and acquired premature ejaculation

Background and objective: Premature ejaculation is one of the most common and complex sexual diseases among men. Although there are four defined subtypes of premature ejaculation, the most common subtype is acquired premature ejaculation. This study investigated the association between serum vitamin D levels and acquired premature ejaculation. Material and methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study included 94 patients with a complaint of acquired premature ejaculation (the study group) and 92 patients without a complaint of premature ejaculation (the control group) between June 2018 and March 2020. Patients' demographic characteristics, laboratory results, intravaginal ejaculatory latency time, Turkish validated premature ejaculation diagnostic tool (PEDT), International Index of Erectile Function-5 (IIEF-5) and Beck Depression scores were statistically compared between groups. Results: The patients' mean age was 49.10 +/- 14.85 years. There were differences between the two groups regarding serum vitamin D levels, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, total testosterone, and follicle-stimulating hormone levels. Upon comparing the questionnaire scores, the PEDT, intravaginal ejaculatory latency time, and Beck depression scores were clinically significant between groups. The cut-off value for serum vitamin D levels was 8.37 ng/mL, with a sensitivity of 93% and specificity of 92%. Conclusion: We revealed that serum vitamin D and follicle-stimulating hormone levels were independent risk factors according to the multivariate analysis. Measurement of serum vitamin D levels in patients with acquired premature ejaculation may be useful for treatment

Asirų kalbos vartojimo Stambule tyrimas

Being one of the oldest Christian communities in the Middle East, Assyrians have continued to live in various parts of Turkey for thousands of years. Today, the estimates related to the number of Assyrians living in Turkey vary between 4,000–25,000 while they cannot benefit from the rights put forward by the Lausanne Treaty among which schooling is the most important. Assyrian community can be said to be deteriorating in number. This decline in the number of Assyrians living in Turkey raises the question of whether they could maintain their ethnic identity while maintaining their language (Syriac). No studies so far have been carried out to find out the linguistic practices of Assyrian community living in Turkey, as well as their attitudes toward the languages they use. This study aims at shedding light on the present situation of Syriac used among the Assyrian community living in Turkey. The participants are limited to those living in Istanbul due to practical reasons. In this study, language attitudes and language use practices of Assyrian community living in Istanbul are found out through a language attitudes questionnaire. It is hoped that the results of the study will provide the current situation of the Syriac language in terms of its ethnolinguistic vitality as spoken among the community. It is also hoped that the results of the study will provide useful data for those who would like to help protect the ethnolinguistic identities of Assyrian minority in Turkey, as well as all those dispersed around the world, which seems to have become increasingly important for such a country at the gates of the European Union as Turkey.Viena iš seniausių krikščioniškų bendruomenių pasaulyje, asirai, jau tūkstančius metų gyvena įvairiose Turkijos vietose. Skaičiuojama, kad šiuo metu Turkijoje gyvena apie 4000–25000 asirų, nors jie ir negali pasinaudoti Lozanos sutarties teikiamomis teisėmis, tarp kurių svarbiausia yra teisė į mokslą. Galima teigti, kad asirų bendruomenė vis menksta, o gyvenančių Turkijoje skaičiaus nuosmukis kelia klausimą, ar Turkijos asirai gali išsaugoti savo etninę tapatybę, išsaugodami savo (sirų) kalbą. Iki šiol nėra jokių tyrimų, siekiančių išsiaiskinti asirų bendruomenės Turkijoje lingvistines praktikas ir jų požiūrį į vartojamas kalbas. Šio tyrimo tikslas – išsiaiškinti dabartinę sirų kalbos situaciją asirų bendruomenėje Turkijoje. Dėl praktinių priežasčių, tyrimas apsiriboja tik Stambule gyvenančiais tyrimo dalyviais. Šiame tyrime taikytas požiūrio į kalbą klausimynas siekiant nustatyti asirų bendruomenės Stambule požiūrį į kalbą ir praktinį kalbos vartojimą. Tikimasi, kad šio darbo rezultatai atskleis dabartinę sirų kalbos padėtį, kalbant apie etnolingvistinį kalbos gyvybingumą šioje bendruomenėje. Taip pat tikimasi, kad šio tyrimo rezultatai suteiks naudingos informacijos tiems, kurie nori išsaugoti etnolingvistinę asirų mažumos tapatybę Turkijoje, ir tiems, kurie yra pasklidę po visą pasaulį, tačiau domisi šia problema. Tai yra ypač svarbu tokiai valstybei kaip Turkija, esančiai prie Europos sąjungos vartų

BXCOM: A software for computation of radiation sensing

WOS: 000469740700001The main objective of this work is to develop user-friendly software, called BXCOM, for computation of the exposure build-up factor (EBF) and the energy absorption build-up factor (EABF), using geometric progression (G-P) fitting method for element, compound or mixture in the energy region 0.015-15 MeV, and for penetration depths up to 40 mean free path (mfp). Furthermore, BXCOM can generate the equivalent atomic number and five fitting parameters used in the G-P method for mixtures and compounds over an interval of photon energies extended from 0.015 to 15 MeV. In addition, the program is designed to calculate the effective atomic number and effective electron number via the direct method. BXCOM program has been verified by comparing its results with approved data by American National Standards Institute. BXCOM runs under MS Windows (R) operating system. It has an improved user interface that provides examination of material's radiation interaction parameters. Finally, BXCOM allows rapid and reliable calculation of many gamma-ray interaction parameters such as , , , G-P fitting parameters and build-up factors that are essential in a wide range of applications such as radiation shielding, radiotherapy, technology and so on.Turkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu [2015-115F311]This work was supported by Turkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu [Grant Number 2015-115F311]

Is serum vitamin D level a risk factor for idiopathic male fertility?

Background: Idiopathic male infertility is a health problem that is increasingly common worldwide. Aetiology of idiopathic male infertility is still controversial. In this cross-sectional retrospective study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between serum vitamin D level and sperm quality in patients with idiopathic male infertility. Methods: Between June 2018 and June 2020, 297 patients including 147 men with idiopathic infertility (as a study group) and 150 fertile men (as a control group) were retrospectively enrolled into the study. Blood samples were collected, and these samples included serum sex steroids, serum vitamin D levels, glucose tests, lipid profiles, liver function tests and kidney function tests. At least two sperm analyses, scrotal doppler ultrasonography and karyotype analysis were performed on each of the patients. Demographic, laboratory and radiological features were also recorded. The Mann Whitney-U test was used to compare groups and quantitative independent data. The Chi-square test was used for qualitative independent data. Spearman's correlation analysis was applied for correlation. Significant results were investigated and analysed further using the logistic regression test. Results: The mean age of the patients was 31.98 +/- 6.97 years. The mean serum vitamin D level of the patients was 23.16 +/- 10.40 ng/dL and the mean infertility duration of patients with idiopathic infertility was 29.88 +/- 28.86 months. We observed statistical significance in terms of serum vitamin D levels, impaired total sperm motility, progressive sperm motility and sperm morphology in idiopathic infertile men when compared to fertile men. There were no statistically significant between idiopathic infertile men and fertile men in terms of serum testosterone levels. Conclusions: We observed a positive correlation between serum vitamin D levels and impaired sperm parameters, specifically in terms of sperm morphology, total sperm motility and progressive sperm motility. Vitamin D supplementation may be a beneficial contribution to achieving high paternity rates in men with idiopathic male infertility

Sacroiliac Joint Hydatidosis Mimicking Ankylosing Spondylitis: A Case Report

Hydatid cyst disease caused by Echinococcus granulosus is common in Mediterranean sheep-raising countries. Spinal involvement in hydatid cyst cases is very rare. The disease mainly affects the lungs and liver and, to a lesser extent, the brain and bones. Depending on location, the disease may mimic soft tissue and bone tumors. Osteolytic and inflammatory changes may imitate osteomyelitis and malignancies or rheumatologic diseases of the affected area. In this article, we report an unusual case of hydatid disease of the sacroiliac joint who was misdiagnosed with ankylosing spondilitis and under follow-up for two years. We also discuss the differential diagnosis of mass lesions of the sacroiliac joint. Hydatid cysts should be considered in the differential diagnosis in patients living in endemic countries