The improvement of zinc electrodes for electrochemical cells

Zinc electrode improvement for silver-zinc storage batter

The improvement of zinc electrodes for electrochemical cells Quarterly report no. 2, Sep. 4 - Dec. 4, 1965

Growth parameters of mossy and crystalline dendrites applied to manufacture and handling of silver-zinc batterie

Improved alkaline electrochemical cell

Addition of lead ions to electrolyte suppresses zinc dendrite formation during charging cycle. A soluble lead salt can be added directly or metallic lead can be incorporated in the zinc electrode and allowed to dissolve into the electrolyte

The improvement of zinc electrodes for electrochemical cells Quarterly report no. 3, 5 Dec. 1965 - 4 Mar. 1966

Dendrite deposits on zinc electrodes of electrochemical cell and substrate effect

Nonpolar resistance switching of metal/binary-transition-metal oxides/metal sandwiches: homogeneous/inhomogeneous transition of current distribution

Exotic features of a metal/oxide/metal (MOM) sandwich, which will be the basis for a drastically innovative nonvolatile memory device, is brought to light from a physical point of view. Here the insulator is one of the ubiquitous and classic binary-transition-metal oxides (TMO), such as Fe2O3, NiO, and CoO. The sandwich exhibits a resistance that reversibly switches between two states: one is a highly resistive off-state and the other is a conductive on-state. Several distinct features were universally observed in these binary TMO sandwiches: namely, nonpolar switching, non-volatile threshold switching, and current--voltage duality. From the systematic sample-size dependence of the resistance in on- and off-states, we conclude that the resistance switching is due to the homogeneous/inhomogeneous transition of the current distribution at the interface.Comment: 7 pages, 5 figures, REVTeX4, submitted to Phys. Rev. B (Feb. 23, 2007). If you can't download a PDF file of this manscript, an alternative one can be found on the author's website: http://staff.aist.go.jp/i.inoue

Scalings and fractals in information geometry: Ornstein–Uhlenbeck processes

We propose a new methodology to understand a stochastic process from the perspective of information geometry by investigating power-law scaling and fractals in the evolution of information. Specifically, we employ the Ornstein–Uhlenbeck process where an initial probability density function (PDF) with a given width and mean value y 0 relaxes into a stationary PDF with a width epsilon, set by the strength of a stochastic noise. By utilizing the information length which quantifies the accumulative information change, we investigate the scaling of with epsilon. When , the movement of a PDF leads to a robust power-law scaling with the fractal dimension . In general when , is possible in the limit of a large time when the movement of a PDF is a main process for information change (e.g. ). We discuss the physical meaning of different scalings due to PDF movement, diffusion and entropy change as well as implications of our finding for understanding a main process responsible for the evolution of information

Historical wealth accounts for Britain : progress and puzzles in measuring the sustainability of economic growth

We thank the Leverhulme Trust for funding this research under the project ‘History and the Future’.Estimates of Britain's comprehensive wealth are reported for the period 1760-2000. They include measures of produced, natural, and human capital, and illustrate the changing composition of Britain's assets over this time period. We show how genuine savings, GS (a year-on-year measure of the change in total capital and a claimed indicator of sustainable development) has evolved over time. Changes in total wealth are compared to alternative, investment-based measures of GS, including variants augmented with the value of exogenous technology. Additionally, the possible effects of population change on wealth, and the implications of including carbon-dioxide emissions in natural capital are considered.PostprintPeer reviewe

Hamming weights and Betti numbers of Stanley-Reisner rings associated to matroids

To each linear code over a finite field we associate the matroid of its parity check matrix. We show to what extent one can determine the generalized Hamming weights of the code (or defined for a matroid in general) from various sets of Betti numbers of Stanley-Reisner rings of simplicial complexes associated to the matroid

Suppression of Octahedral Tilts and Associated Changes of Electronic Properties at Epitaxial Oxide Heterostructure Interfaces

Epitaxial oxide interfaces with broken translational symmetry have emerged as a central paradigm behind the novel behaviors of oxide superlattices. Here, we use scanning transmission electron microscopy to demonstrate a direct, quantitative unit-cell-by-unit-cell mapping of lattice parameters and oxygen octahedral rotations across the BiFeO3-La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 interface to elucidate how the change of crystal symmetry is accommodated. Combined with low-loss electron energy loss spectroscopy imaging, we demonstrate a mesoscopic antiferrodistortive phase transition and elucidate associated changes in electronic properties in a thin layer directly adjacent to the interface

Self-avoiding walks crossing a square

We study a restricted class of self-avoiding walks (SAW) which start at the origin (0, 0), end at $(L, L)$, and are entirely contained in the square $[0, L] \times [0, L]$ on the square lattice ${\mathbb Z}^2$. The number of distinct walks is known to grow as $\lambda^{L^2+o(L^2)}$. We estimate $\lambda = 1.744550 \pm 0.000005$ as well as obtaining strict upper and lower bounds, $1.628 < \lambda < 1.782.$ We give exact results for the number of SAW of length $2L + 2K$ for $K = 0, 1, 2$ and asymptotic results for $K = o(L^{1/3})$. We also consider the model in which a weight or {\em fugacity} $x$ is associated with each step of the walk. This gives rise to a canonical model of a phase transition. For $x < 1/\mu$ the average length of a SAW grows as $L$, while for $x > 1/\mu$ it grows as $L^2$. Here $\mu$ is the growth constant of unconstrained SAW in ${\mathbb Z}^2$. For $x = 1/\mu$ we provide numerical evidence, but no proof, that the average walk length grows as $L^{4/3}$. We also consider Hamiltonian walks under the same restriction. They are known to grow as $\tau^{L^2+o(L^2)}$ on the same $L \times L$ lattice. We give precise estimates for $\tau$ as well as upper and lower bounds, and prove that $\tau < \lambda.$Comment: 27 pages, 9 figures. Paper updated and reorganised following refereein