PUBLIC SPENDING AND REAL EXCHANGE RATE INSTABILITIES AND GROWTH IN AFRICA: EVIDENCE FROM PANEL DATA

The paper investigates the causes of Africa¡¯s poor growth performance. It therefore focuses on the strand of literature that highlights the role of policy instability and uses the dependent economy model as the main theoretical framework. Results from the empirical work indicate that public spending instability increases real exchange rate instability, which in turn exerts a negative impact on both investment and total factor productivity. Further, the empirical investigation suggests partially that real exchange rate appreciation contributes to the decline of sectors with important positive externalities, thereby leading to persistent productivity losses and weak economic growth.Africa, Economic Growth, Macroeconomic Policy, Panel Data

Buoyant Capital Spending and Worries over Real Appreciation: Cold Facts from Algeria

The Government of Algeria has pursed a relatively expansionary fiscal policy in recent years, thanks to rising oil prices and revenues. The paper explores the potential effects of such a stance on real exchange rate and uncovers a relatively small appreciating effect of increased government capital expenditure. This is explained by the fact that a significant share of capital spending falls into tradable imported goods. However, the envisaged increase in capital spending, if well designed and implemented, might in the long-run translate into rising operations and maintenance expenditure—mostly nontradable goods—thereby causing a higher real appreciation. This implies that Algeria should carefully consider the implications of its public investment program on recurrent expenditure.Government capital expenditure;real exchange rate;oil

An insight of combustibility induced safety issues pertaining to ionic liquids

International audienceThis study is a consolidated overview on explosion and fire safety issues pertaining to ionic liquids. Indeed safety performance of ionic liquids relating to physico-chemical hazards is very rarely investigated as it is often perceived as a non-existing issue due to the lack of traditional flashpoint for these liquids. It focuses on the experimental evaluation of the fire hazard of imidazolium, phosphonium and pyrrolidinium-based ionic liquids by use of the Fire Propagation Apparatus. It provides experimental data that can quantify the flammability of ionic liquids in all its aspects (ease of ignition, mass burning rate, heat release rate, fire-induced toxicity data...). A case study featuring a major failure in a process unit leading to a given fire scenario is also illustrated. This case study is examined in terms of fire induced toxicity by use of CFD modeling of fire product releases dispersion and using the concept of fractional effective concentration

Capture of Tacit Knowledge through Storytelling

This project introduces storytelling as a mechanism to capture tacit knowledge believed to be an experience- based knowledge. Storytelling is a mechanism through which tacit knowledge is captured. This project provides a bridge and a platform that will allow the capture of tacit knowledge in a structured method. The objective of this project is to develop a knowledge management system that captures tacit knowledge using storytelling. Throughout this project we will attempts to capture, store, retrieve, and transfer and / or share knowledge within an entity

Targeting adequate thermal stability and fire safety in selecting ionic liquid-based electrolytes for energy storage

CAPLUS AN 2014:16740(Journal; Online Computer File)International audienceThe energy storage market relating to lithium based systems regularly grows in size and expands in terms of a portfolio of energy and power demanding applications. Thus safety focused research must more than ever accompany related technological breakthroughs regarding performance of cells, resulting in intensive research on the chemistry and materials science to design more reliable batteries. Formulating electrolyte solutions with nonvolatile and hardly flammable ionic liquids instead of actual carbonate mixtures could be safer. However, few definitions of thermal stability of electrolytes based on ionic liquids have been reported in the case of abuse conditions (fire, shortcut, overcharge or overdischarge). This work investigates thermal stability up to combustion of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide ([C1C4Im][NTf2]) and 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide ([PYR14][NTf2]) ionic liquids, and their corresponding electrolytes containing lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide LiNTf2. Their possible routes of degradation during thermal abuse testings were investigated by thermodynamic studies under several experimental conditions. Their behaviours under fire were also tested, including the analysis of emitted compounds

Argemone mexicana decoction versus artesunate-amodiaquine for the management of malaria in Mali: Policy and public-health implications

A classic way of delaying drug resistance is to use an alternative when possible. We tested the malaria treatment Argemone mexicana decoction (AM), a validated self-prepared traditional medicine made with one widely available plant and safe across wide dose variations. In an attempt to reflect the real situation in the home-based management of malaria in a remote Malian village, 301 patients with presumed uncomplicated malaria (median age 5 years) were randomly assigned to receive AM or artesunate-amodiaquine [artemisinin combination therapy (ACT)] as first-line treatment. Both treatments were well tolerated. Over 28 days, second-line treatment was not required for 89% (95% CI 84.1-93.2) of patients on AM, versus 95% (95% CI 88.8-98.3) on ACT. Deterioration to severe malaria was 1.9% in both groups in children aged ≤5 years (there were no cases in patients aged >5 years) and 0% had coma/convulsions. AM, now government-approved in Mali, could be tested as a first-line complement to standard modern drugs in high-transmission areas, in order to reduce the drug pressure for development of resistance to ACT, in the management of malaria. In view of the low rate of severe malaria and good tolerability, AM may also constitute a first-aid treatment when access to other antimalarials is delaye

Analyse thermodynamique avancée appliquée au design d'un procédé de fabrication de benzène

Description et spécifications du procédé de fabrication de benzène -- Approches utilisées pour la synthèse des procédés, description de l'approche proposée -- Analyse exergétique par la méthode de redistribution des charges -- Présentation de la superstructure de base, détermination des débits de matières premières et des paramètres de fonctionnement des procédés -- Construction et simulation de la superstructure à procédés concurrents -- Réduction de la superstructure par la méthode de redistribution des charges, détermination des utilités chaudes et froides pour le réseau d'échangeurs de chaleur -- Évaluation de l'approche par rapport à l'approche hiérarchique et l'approche mathématique

La inseguridad terrorista en Mali

Since 2008, the Republic of Mali has been suffering from insecurity due to risksposed by radical Islamic terrorists. Initially, the threat was concentrated in the northern territories by terrorist groups from the Magreb that were associated with insurgent Tuareg groups. Military combat operations succeeded in preventing the terrorists from advancing towards the south in 2013. In recent years, however,Islamic terroristshavebeen experimenting with new tactics to infiltrate the communities of central Mali;these threats have been more difficult to combat by military means alone. This article explores and characterizes terrorist insecurity in Mali and the actions taken between 2007 and 2019to reduce it. The methodology consists of the bibliographic, documentary and statistical analyses of published information sources. The conclusions highlight the international nature of the terrorist risk and the need to add, intensive policies to develop rural Mali areas and strengthen its Welfare State, to the military fight against terrorism.La República de Mali viene sufriendo inseguridad por riesgo terrorista de islamistas radicales desde 2008.  Inicialmente la amenaza se concentró en los territorios del Norte, por grupos terroristas procedentes del Magreb que se asociaron con grupos Tuareg insurgentes. Operaciones de combate militar consiguieron impedir que los terroristas avanzasen hacia el Sur en 2013. No obstante, en los últimos años el terrorismo yihadista ensaya nuevas tácticas para infiltrarse en las comunidades del centro de Mali que resultan más difíciles de combatir únicamente por medios militares. Este artículo explora y caracteriza la inseguridad terrorista en Mali y de las actuaciones para reducirla entre 2007 y 2019. La metodología consiste en el análisis bibliográfico, documental y estadístico de fuentes de información publicadas.  Las conclusiones destacan el carácter internacional del riesgo terrorista y la necesidad de sumar, políticas intensivas para desarrollar el Mali rural y fortalecer su Estado del Bienestar, al combate militar del terrorismo

A migração senegalesa para o Brasil

International migrations, which are already part of globalization, affect all regions of the world and all social categories, reshaping contemporary societies, increasingly pluralistic, with important socialization processes. They are manifested in all directions: South-North, North-South and South-South. Senegal has a very particular relationship with migration, as it is a country of emigration and immigration. The country is on the world stage because of illegal immigration from Senegal in boats without the slightest security to reach Europe. The migration of Senegalese to Brazil is a recent phenomenon, having intensified since 2013.As migrações internacionais, que fazem já parte da globalização, afetam todas as regiões do mundo e todas as categorias sociais, remodelando as sociedades contemporâneas, cada vez mais pluralistas, com importantes processos de socialização. Manifestam-se em todos os sentidos: Sul-Norte, Norte-Sul e Sul-Sul. O Senegal tem uma relação muito particular com a migração, pois é um país de emigração e de imigração. O país está no cenário mundial por causa das imigrações clandestinas que partem do Senegal em barcos sem a mínima segurança para alcançar a Europa. A migração de senegaleses para o Brasil constitui fenômeno recente, tendo-se intensificado a partir de 2013