Condicionamento espectral da luz de um Wiggler

Orientador: Antonio Rubens Britto de CastroDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Fisica "Gleb Wataglin"Resumo: Esta tese descreve o projeto de um sistema de filtros de carbono, a ser instalado nas linhas de wiggler do Laboratório Nacional de Luz Sincrotron (LNLS). O sistema compõe-se de seis películas, com uma densidade superficial total x=61627mg/cm2, tendo uma transmissão de 75% em 8 K e V. Analisou-se a influência das impurezas e demostrou-se que seu efeito é desprezível. Foram realizadas simulações com o programa de elementos finitos MODULEF, para predizer o comportamento termo-mecânico das películas, a tensão máxima está perto do limiar de segurança. O sistema de filtros será montado alterando um componente padrão dos "front-ends" nas linhas de luz, a chamada máscara refrigeradaAbstract: This thesis describes a project of carbon filters system, which will be installed in the wiggler ljnes of the National Laboratory of Sinchrotron Light (LNLS). The system consist of six films, with a total surface density of x = 61627 m g / cm2 , possessing a transmition of 75% at 8 K e V. The influence of impurities was analyzed showing that its effect is inmaterial. Simulations were carried out with the program of finit elements MODULEF to predict the thermo-mechanical behaviour of the films the maximum tension lay close to the security threshold. The filters system will be assembled changing one standard compound of the front-ends in the beamlines, a so-called refrigerated maskMestradoFísicaMestre em Físic

¿Cuál es el estilo parental óptimo para adolescentes con baja vs. alta autoeficacia? Autoconcepto, desajuste psicológico y rendimiento académico de los adolescentes en el contexto español

The aim of this paper is to establish which parenting style is associated with optimum outcomes among adolescents of Spanish families considering adolescents with low vs. high self-efficacy. Although classical studies identify the authoritative parenting style (based on warmth and strictness) as the best parental strategy, emerging research seriously questions the benefits of parental strictness. Additionally, the impact of parenting on the adolescent’s psychosocial competence has been studied for years, but less is known about whether it might vary depending on individual characteristics of the adolescent (e.g., self-efficacy). Participants were 1029 Spanish adolescents, 453 males (44%), aged 12-17 years. Families were classified in one of the parenting styles groups (authoritative, authoritarian, indulgent, or neglectful), and adolescents were grouped by low vs. high self-efficacy. Adolescent psychosocial competence was examined through emotional and academic self-concept, psychological maladjustment (hostility/aggression, negative self-esteem, emotional responsivity, instability, and negative view of the world), and academic performance (grade point average and number of failing grades). Main and interaction effects of parenting style and adolescent self-efficacy were tested. Main effect results indicated that adolescents with low self-efficacy were always associated with the worst psychosocial competence. Consistently, the main effect findings indicated that adolescents from indulgent and authoritative families were associated with better results than those from neglectful and authoritarian families. However, the indulgent parenting style yielded the best results. The impact of parenting might not be the same for adolescents in all cultural contexts. Contrary to findings from classical studies, parental strictness seems to be unnecessary or even detrimental for adolescents with low and high self-efficacy.El objetivo de este estudio es identificar qué estilo parental se asocia con resultados óptimos entre los adolescentes de familias españolas considerando aquellos con baja vs. alta autoeficacia. Los participantes fueron 1029 adolescentes españoles, 453 varones (44%), de 12 a 17 años. Aunque los estudios clásicos identifican el estilo autorizativo (basado en el afecto y la severidad) como la mejor estrategia socializadora, las investigaciones emergentes cuestionan seriamente los beneficios de la severidad parental. Además, el impacto de la socialización parental en la competencia psicosocial del adolescente se ha estudiado durante años, pero se sabe menos sobre si podría variar en función de las características individuales del adolescente (e.g., la autoeficacia). Las familias fueron clasificadas por estilo parental (autorizativo, autoritario, indulgente o negligente), y los adolescentes por baja vs. alta autoeficacia. La competencia psicosocial se examinó a través del autoconcepto emocional y académico, el desajuste psicológico (hostilidad/agresión, autoestima negativa, irresponsividad emocional, inestabilidad emocional y visión negativa del mundo) y el rendimiento académico (nota media y número de cursos repetidos). Se comprobaron los efectos principales y de interacción de estilo parental y autoeficacia. Los resultados de los efectos principales indicaron que los adolescentes con baja autoeficacia presentaban siempre la peor competencia psicosocial. También que los adolescentes de familias indulgentes y autorizativas presentaron mejores resultados que los de familias negligentes y autoritarias. Sin embargo, el estilo parental indulgente se asoció a los mejores resultados. El impacto de la socialización parental podría no ser igual en todos los contextos culturales. Frente a los resultados de los estudios clásicos, la severidad parental parece ser innecesaria o incluso perjudicial para los adolescentes con baja y alta autoeficacia

Are we ready for an adipocentric approach in people living with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease?

Chronic kidney disease; Dysfunctional adipose tissue; Type 2 diabetesEnfermedad renal crónica; Tejido adiposo disfuncional; Diabetes tipo 2Malaltia renal crònica; Teixit adipós disfuncional; Diabetis tipus 2We are entering a new era in the management of adiposity-based chronic disease (ABCD) with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and related chronic kidney disease (CKD). ABCD, T2D and CKD can affect almost every major organ system and have a particularly strong impact on the incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and heart failure. ABCD and the associated insulin resistance are at the root of many cardiovascular, renal and metabolic (CKM) disorders, thus an integrated therapeutic framework using weight loss (WL) as a disease-modifying intervention could simplify the therapeutic approach at different stages across the lifespan. The breakthrough of highly effective WL drugs makes achieving a WL of >10% possible, which is required for a potential T2D disease remission as well as for prevention of microvascular disease, CKD, CVD events and overall mortality. The aim of this review is to discuss the link between adiposity and CKM conditions as well as placing weight management at the centre of the holistic CKM syndrome approach with a focus on CKD. We propose the clinical translation of the available evidence into a transformative Dysfunctional Adipose Tissue Approach (DATA) for people living with ABCD, T2D and CKD. This model is based on the interplay of four essential elements (i.e. adipocentric approach and target organ protection, dysfunctional adiposity, glucose homeostasis, and lifestyle intervention and de-prescription) together with a multidisciplinary person-centred care. DATA could facilitate decision-making for all clinicians involved in the management of these individuals, and if we do this in a multidisciplinary way, we are prepared to meet the adipocentric challenge

ACTIVATION OF THE HYPOTHALAMIC– PITUITARY–ADRENAL AXIS INDUCES THE DIFFERENTIAL RELEASE OF PRO– INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES IN BALB/C MICE

Physiological processes are associated with interactions between the nervous, endocrine and immune systems, which communicate through neurotransmitters, hormones and cytokines. The key to this communication is the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis which can be activated by stress and pro–inflammatory cytokines. We have investigated the effects of acute and chronic stress on the release of pro–inflammatory cytokines through activation of the HPA axis. Accordingly, BALB/c mice were exposed to acute stress through the single application of bi–frontal electrical stimulation (ESa, 20V/10 mA/0.05s) and the effect produced by a single i.p. dose of Lipopolysacharide (LPS) (250 μg/100g). Chronic stress was (ESc) induced by applying the electrical stimulus to the animals in the same way for 7 consecutive days, as well as the effects of ascending LPS administration over 7 days (35–250 μg/100g i.p./day). Following stimulation, the levels of pro–inflammatory cytokines and corticosterone were quantified by ELISA. Unlike LPS that provoked an increase in TNF–α, IL–1β, IL–6, and corticosterone levels, acute electrical stress did not induce any change in the levels of pro–inflammatory cytokines or corticosterone. In contrast, chronic ESc stress produced an increase in the levels of TNF–α, while in the animals treated with LPS the IL–6 levels increased. These data suggest that the response of the HPA axis to stress depends on the duration, intensity and etiology of the stress agent, also suggest a suitable model for the evaluation of drugs with potential effect on inflammatory stress

ACTIVATION OF THE HYPOTHALAMIC– PITUITARY–ADRENAL AXIS INDUCES THE DIFFERENTIAL RELEASE OF PRO– INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES IN BALB/C MICE

Physiological processes are associated with interactions between the nervous, endocrine and immune systems, which communicate through neurotransmitters, hormones and cytokines. The key to this communication is the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis which can be activated by stress and pro–inflammatory cytokines. We have investigated the effects of acute and chronic stress on the release of pro–inflammatory cytokines through activation of the HPA axis. Accordingly, BALB/c mice were exposed to acute stress through the single application of bi–frontal electrical stimulation (ESa, 20V/10 mA/0.05s) and the effect produced by a single i.p. dose of Lipopolysacharide (LPS) (250 μg/100g). Chronic stress was (ESc) induced by applying the electrical stimulus to the animals in the same way for 7 consecutive days, as well as the effects of ascending LPS administration over 7 days (35–250 μg/100g i.p./day). Following stimulation, the levels of pro–inflammatory cytokines and corticosterone were quantified by ELISA. Unlike LPS that provoked an increase in TNF–α, IL–1β, IL–6, and corticosterone levels, acute electrical stress did not induce any change in the levels of pro–inflammatory cytokines or corticosterone. In contrast, chronic ESc stress produced an increase in the levels of TNF–α, while in the animals treated with LPS the IL–6 levels increased. These data suggest that the response of the HPA axis to stress depends on the duration, intensity and etiology of the stress agent, also suggest a suitable model for the evaluation of drugs with potential effect on inflammatory stress

Microconformado de Materiales Metálicos mediante Pulsos Láser en el Dominio de ns

La demanda de miniaturización introducida, entre otros, por la industria de fabricación de MEMS (Micro Electro Mechanical Systems), hace necesario caracterizar y validar los procesos que emplean el láser en el microconformado de materiales metálicos a escala submilimétrica. Como alternativa al microconformado térmico, que hace uso de las deformaciones de origen térmico inducidas por la radiación láser, el microconformado mediante pulsos láser en el dominio de ns hace posible el conformado de materiales metálicos manteniendo, o incluso mejorando, las propiedades mecánicas de los mismos debido a la inducción de tensiones residuales de compresión en la superficie de la pieza tratada. Se presenta en este trabajo el estudio teórico y experimental del microconformado láser mediante la caracterización de diversas pruebas elementales. Miniaturization of components demanded by MEMS (Micro Electro Mechanical Systems) industry, makes necessary the validation of the manufacturing processes applied to submillimetric metallic materials in which laser is used. As an alternative to thermal microforming in which laser induced thermal fields are responsible for the forming phenomena, the use of ns laser pulses makes possible microforming of metallic materials preserving, or even improving, their mechanical properties, due to the induction of residual stresses in the surface. In the present paper experimental tests and FEM simulation results on nanosecond time scale laser microforming are presented

Final version of the software running operationally for the demonstration

This report includes the description and the manuals (both at User and Administrator level) for the OSPAC service and its application

Clinical Effects of Liraglutide in a Real-World Setting in Spain: eDiabetes-Monitor SEEN Diabetes Mellitus Working Group Study

Introduction: A limitation with randomized controlled trials is that, while they provide unbiased evidence of the efficacy of interventions, they do so under unreal conditions and in a very limited and highly selected patient population. Our aim was to provide data about the effectiveness of liraglutide treatment in a real-world and clinical practice setting. Methods: In a retrospective and observational study, data from 753 patients with type 2 diabetes were recorded through an online tool (eDiabetes-Monitor). Results: Mean baseline glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) was 8.4 ± 1.4% and mean body mass index (BMI) was 38.6 ± 5.4 kg/m2. After 3–6 months of treatment with liraglutide, we observed a change in HbA1c of -1.1 ± 1.2%, -4.6 ± 5.3 kg in weight and -1.7 ± 2.0 kg/m

HIMMO - A lightweight collusion-resistant key predistribution scheme

In this paper we introduce HIMMO as a truly practical and lightweight collusion-resistant key predistribution scheme. The scheme is reminiscent ofBlundo et al\u27s elegant key predistribution scheme, in which the master key is a symmetric bivariate polynomial over a finite field, and a unique common key is defined for every pair of nodes as the evaluation of the polynomial at the finite field elements associated with the nodes. Unlike Blundo et al\u27s scheme, however, which completely breaks down once the number of colluding nodes exceeds the degree of the polynomial, the new scheme is designed to tolerateany number of colluding nodes. Key establishment in HIMMO amounts to the evaluation of a single low-degree univariate polynomial involving reasonably sized numbers, thus exhibiting excellent performance even for constrained devices such as 8-bit CPUs, as we demonstrate. On top of this, the scheme is very versatile, as it not only supports implicit authentication of the nodes like any key predistribution scheme, but also supports identity-based key predistribution in a natural and efficient way. The latter property derives from the fact that HIMMO supports long node identifiers at a reasonable cost, allowing outputs of a collision-resistant hash function to be used as node identifiers. Moreover, HIMMO allows for a transparent way to split the master key between multiple parties. The new scheme is superior to any of the existing alternatives due to the intricate way it combines the use of multiple symmetric bivariate polynomials evaluated over ``different\u27\u27 finite rings. We have extensively analyzed the security of HIMMO against two attacks. For these attacks, we have identified the Hiding Information (HI) problem and the Mixing Modular Operations (MMO) problem as the underlying problems. These problems are closely related to some well-defined lattice problems, and therefore the best attacks on HIMMO are dependent on lattice-basis reduction. Based on these connections, we propose concrete values for all relevant parameters, for which we conjecture that the scheme is secure