Evaluación in vitro de Dos Fármacos de Uso Veterinario frente a Patógenos Causantes de Otitis Externa en Perros

The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro effect of two drugs of frequent use in veterinary practice against microorganisms isolated after treatment in 27 dogs with otitis externa. Various isolates were obtained from five dogs: two Pseudomonas aeruginosa, three Staphylococcus intermedius, and three yeasts of the genus Malassezia. The level of effectiveness of the antimicrobial drugs was determined by the method of Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC). Gentamicin (3 mg/ml) and clotrimazole (10 mg/ml) solutions were prepared. Bacteria and yeast were brought to a concentration of 1x106 microorganism/ml. In ELISA plates, 150 μl of each bacteria or yeast and 150 μl of gentamicin or clotrimazole was added. Two repetitions and three replicates of each microorganism were considered in the study. As controls, drugs plus water and microorganisms plus water were used, and the volume adjusted to 300 μl each. Growth conditions in the spectrophotometer were 35 °C/10 rpm/24 h, where the growth kinetics of the microorganisms were measured at 660 OD. Results showed that gentamicin at a dose of 3 mg/ml causes an adequate growth inhibition of the bacteria, whereas clotrimazole can be used in the case of otitis caused by yeasts (M. pachidermatis), but at concentrations above 14 mg/ml.El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar el efecto in vitro de dos fármacos de uso veterinario frente a microorganismos aislados post-tratamiento en 27 perros con otitis externa. Se aislaron dos cepas de Pseudomonas aeruginosa, tres de Staphylococcus intermedius y tres levaduras del género Malassezia de cinco perros. El nivel de efectividad de los antimicrobianos se determinó por el método de Concentración Inhibitoria Mínima (CIM). Se prepararon soluciones de gentamicina (3 mg/ml) y de clotrimazol (10 mg/ml). Las bacterias y levaduras se llevaron a una concentración de 1x106 microorganismos/ml. En las placas de ELISA se colocó 150 µl de cada bacteria o levadura y 150 µl de gentamicina o clotrimazol. Se hicieron dos repeticiones y tres réplicas de cada microorganismo. Para los controles, se utilizaron los fármacos más agua y microorganismos más agua, ajustados a 300 µl c/u. Las condiciones de crecimiento en el espectrofotómetro fueron de 35 ºC /10 rpm/24 h, donde cada 2 h se midió la cinética de crecimiento del microorganismo a 660 de densidad óptica (DO). Se encontró que la gentamicina en una dosis de 3 mg/ml, produce una inhibición del crecimiento adecuado de las bacterias, en tanto que el clotrimazol podría emplearse en el caso de otitis causadas por levaduras (M. pachidermatis), pero en concentraciones superiores a 14 mg/ml

Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

Funder: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013347Funder: Flemish Society for Critical Care NursesAbstract: Purpose: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly susceptible to developing pressure injuries. Epidemiologic data is however unavailable. We aimed to provide an international picture of the extent of pressure injuries and factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries in adult ICU patients. Methods: International 1-day point-prevalence study; follow-up for outcome assessment until hospital discharge (maximum 12 weeks). Factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injury and hospital mortality were assessed by generalised linear mixed-effects regression analysis. Results: Data from 13,254 patients in 1117 ICUs (90 countries) revealed 6747 pressure injuries; 3997 (59.2%) were ICU-acquired. Overall prevalence was 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.9–27.3). ICU-acquired prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI 15.6–16.8). Sacrum (37%) and heels (19.5%) were most affected. Factors independently associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries were older age, male sex, being underweight, emergency surgery, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Braden score 3 days, comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunodeficiency), organ support (renal replacement, mechanical ventilation on ICU admission), and being in a low or lower-middle income-economy. Gradually increasing associations with mortality were identified for increasing severity of pressure injury: stage I (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.8), stage II (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.4–1.9), and stage III or worse (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3–3.3). Conclusion: Pressure injuries are common in adult ICU patients. ICU-acquired pressure injuries are associated with mainly intrinsic factors and mortality. Optimal care standards, increased awareness, appropriate resource allocation, and further research into optimal prevention are pivotal to tackle this important patient safety threat

Correction to: Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake

Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

Funder: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013347Funder: Flemish Society for Critical Care NursesAbstract: Purpose: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly susceptible to developing pressure injuries. Epidemiologic data is however unavailable. We aimed to provide an international picture of the extent of pressure injuries and factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries in adult ICU patients. Methods: International 1-day point-prevalence study; follow-up for outcome assessment until hospital discharge (maximum 12 weeks). Factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injury and hospital mortality were assessed by generalised linear mixed-effects regression analysis. Results: Data from 13,254 patients in 1117 ICUs (90 countries) revealed 6747 pressure injuries; 3997 (59.2%) were ICU-acquired. Overall prevalence was 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.9–27.3). ICU-acquired prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI 15.6–16.8). Sacrum (37%) and heels (19.5%) were most affected. Factors independently associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries were older age, male sex, being underweight, emergency surgery, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Braden score 3 days, comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunodeficiency), organ support (renal replacement, mechanical ventilation on ICU admission), and being in a low or lower-middle income-economy. Gradually increasing associations with mortality were identified for increasing severity of pressure injury: stage I (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.8), stage II (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.4–1.9), and stage III or worse (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3–3.3). Conclusion: Pressure injuries are common in adult ICU patients. ICU-acquired pressure injuries are associated with mainly intrinsic factors and mortality. Optimal care standards, increased awareness, appropriate resource allocation, and further research into optimal prevention are pivotal to tackle this important patient safety threat

Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

Funder: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013347Funder: Flemish Society for Critical Care NursesAbstract: Purpose: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly susceptible to developing pressure injuries. Epidemiologic data is however unavailable. We aimed to provide an international picture of the extent of pressure injuries and factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries in adult ICU patients. Methods: International 1-day point-prevalence study; follow-up for outcome assessment until hospital discharge (maximum 12 weeks). Factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injury and hospital mortality were assessed by generalised linear mixed-effects regression analysis. Results: Data from 13,254 patients in 1117 ICUs (90 countries) revealed 6747 pressure injuries; 3997 (59.2%) were ICU-acquired. Overall prevalence was 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.9–27.3). ICU-acquired prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI 15.6–16.8). Sacrum (37%) and heels (19.5%) were most affected. Factors independently associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries were older age, male sex, being underweight, emergency surgery, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Braden score 3 days, comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunodeficiency), organ support (renal replacement, mechanical ventilation on ICU admission), and being in a low or lower-middle income-economy. Gradually increasing associations with mortality were identified for increasing severity of pressure injury: stage I (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.8), stage II (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.4–1.9), and stage III or worse (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3–3.3). Conclusion: Pressure injuries are common in adult ICU patients. ICU-acquired pressure injuries are associated with mainly intrinsic factors and mortality. Optimal care standards, increased awareness, appropriate resource allocation, and further research into optimal prevention are pivotal to tackle this important patient safety threat