2,721 research outputs found
Conceptual design of the EU-DEMO dual coolant lithium lead equatorial module
© 20xx IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works.Within the framework of EUROfusion Program, the Dual Coolant Lithium Lead (DCLL) is one of the four EU breeder blanket concepts that are being investigated as candidates for DEMO. DCLL uses PbLi as the main coolant, tritium breeder, tritium carrier, and neutron multiplier. The main structures, including the first wall, are cooled with helium. The EU program proposed for the next years will consider a DCLL version limited to 550 °C in order to allow the use of conventional materials and technologies. During the first year of EUROfusion activities, a draft design of the DCLL has been proposed. The main blanket performances were adapted to the new specifications and the CAD model of DEMO. The breeder zone has been toroidally divided into four parallel PbLi circuits, separated through stiffening grid radial walls. The PbLi flow routing has been designed to maximize the amount of thermal power extracted by flowing PbLi and to avoid the occurrence of reverse flows due to volumetric heating. Thermal hydraulics, magnetohydrodynamic and neutronics calculations have been performed for the first draft design. The new DCLL design employs Eurofer-alumina-Eurofer sandwich as flow channel insert (FCI).Postprint (published version
A ‘threat’ is a ‘Threat’: Incentive effects of firing threats with varying degrees of performance information
We study the incentive effect of firing threats when bosses have limited information about workers. We show that a minimal amount of individual information about workers’ effort such as the time spent at their work station is sufficient to ensure strong incentive effects. This supports the use of firing threats based on rudimentary yet uncontroversial measures of work performance such as absenteeism, in organizational settings in which only limited information about workers is available. Our results help understand the limited link between pay and performance observed in compensation contracts calling for an extension of the principal-agent model to take into account how workers (mis-)perceive the intensity of incentives
Variability in disease phenotypes within a single PRNP genotype suggests the existence of multiple natural sheep scarpie strains within Europe
Variability of pathological phenotypes within classical sheep scrapie cases has been reported for some time, but in many instances it has been attributed to differences in the PRNP genotype of the host. To address this issue we have examined by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and Western blotting (WB) for the disease-associated form of the prion protein (PrPd), the brains of 23 sheep from five European countries, all of which were of the same ARQ/ARQ genotype. As a result of IHC examinations, sheep were distributed into five groups with different phenotypes and the groups were the same regardless of the scoring method used, ‘long’ or ‘short’ PrPd profiling. The groups made did not respond to the geographical origin of the cases and did not correlate with the vacuolar lesion profiles, which showed a high individual variability. Discriminatory IHC and WB methods coincided to detect a ‘CH1641-like’ case but otherwise correlated poorly in the classification of disease phenotypes. No other polymorphisms of the PRNP gene were found that could account for the pathological differences, except perhaps for a sheep from Spain with a mutation at codon 103 and a unique pathological phenotype. Preliminary evidence indicates that those different IHC phenotypes correlate with distinct biological properties on bioassay, suggesting that they are indicative of strain diversity. We therefore conclude that natural scrapie strains exist and that they can be revealed by detailed pathological examinations, which can be harmonized between laboratories to produce comparable results
A New Family of N-fold Supersymmetry: Type B
We construct a new family of N-fold supersymmetric systems which is referred
to as ``type B''. A higher derivative representation of the N-fold supercharge
for this new family is given by a deformation of the type A N-fold supercharge.
By utilizing the same method as in the sl(2) construction of type A N-fold
supersymmetry, we show that this family includes two of the quasi-solvable
models of Post-Turbiner type.Comment: 12 pages, minor types corrected, references updated, DOI adde
Valores sociales en los spots publicitarios de bebidas emitidos en España en el 2006
El objetivo principal de este artÃculo es señalar los valores sociales presentes en los spots de bebidas emitidos por televisión, en España, durante el año 2006. Se estudian los valores sociales que transmiten los anuncios al margen de su función comercial. En total, se han analizado 191 spots; para los que se detallan los valores atribuidos al producto y al consumidor. La salud, la juventud, la importancia de las relaciones sociales o de construirse una personalidad genuina son algunos de los principales valores e ideales transmitidos a través de los spots sometidos a estudio
La piramide del estilo de vida saludable para niños y adolescentes
Introduction: Increasing evidence demonstrates that
risk factors for chronic diseases are established during
childhood and adolescence. Consensus about the need to
increase prevention efforts makes the adoption of a
healthy lifestyle seem desirable from early childhood
onwards. After reviewing educational tools for children
and adolescents aimed at promoting a healthy lifestyle, it
was recognized that there was a need to develop a simple
educational tool specifically designed for these age
groups.
Methods: Development of the healthy lifestyle pyramid
for children and adolescents.
Results: We propose a three-dimensional, truncated
and staggered pyramid with 4 faces and a base, which
introduces a completely new concept that goes beyond
other published pyramids. Each of the faces is oriented
towards achieving a different goal. Two faces (faces 1 and
2) are formulated around achieving a goal on a daily basis
(daily food intake, face 1, and daily activities, face 2). Face
3 is an adaptation of the traditional food guide pyramid,
adapted to children’s energy, nutritional and hydration
needs. Face 4 deals with both daily and life-long habits.
On the base of the pyramid, there is advice about adequate
nutrition alternating with advice about physical
activity and sports.
Conclusion: The Healthy Lifestyle Pyramid© is specifically
developed for children and adolescents according to
current scientific knowledge and evidence-based data
and includes easy-to-follow advice and full colour pictures.
Following these guidelines should improve health and
reduce risk factors, promoting enjoyable and appropriate
development towards adulthood.Introducción: En la actualidad, existe evidencia cientÃfica
de que los factores de riesgo de enfermedades crónicas
se establecen durante la infancia y la adolescencia. La
adopción de un estilo de vida saludable parece deseable
desde edades tempranas existiendo un consenso cada vez
mayor hacia la prevención. Al revisar las herramientas
educativas existentes para niños y adolescentes dirigidas
a la mejora de la adquisición de un estilo de vida saludable,
se advirtió de la necesidad de desarrollar un instrumento
educativo desarrollado especÃficamente para estos
grupos de edad.
Métodos: Desarrollo de la pirámide de estilo de vida
saludable para los niños y adolescentes.
Resultados: Nuestra propuesta trata de una pirámide
tridimensional con 4 caras y una base, truncada y escalonada,
introduciendo un nuevo concepto que va más allá
de lo publicado en otras pirámides. Cada una de las caras
se orienta hacia la consecución de un objetivo. Las dos
primeras caras (caras 1 y 2) se han formulado con el fin de
lograr un objetivo sobre una base diaria (alimentación
diaria, la cara 1, frente a las actividades diarias la cara 2).
La Cara 3 es una adaptación de la tradicional pirámide de
alimentos, adecuada a las necesidades de energÃa,
nutrientes e hidratación de los niños. La Cara 4 muestra
los hábitos de higiene y salud que se deben mantener
durante toda la vida. En la base de la pirámide, se alternan
mensajes sobre la nutrición adecuada con mensajes
relacionados con la actividad fÃsica y el deporte.
Conclusión: La Pirámide del Estilo de Vida Saludable©
se ha desarrollado especÃficamente para niños y adolescentes,
teniendo en cuenta los actuales conocimientos
cientÃficos. Incluye mensajes fáciles de entender e imágenes
a todo color. El seguimiento de estas directrices deberÃa
contribuir a mejorar la salud y a la reducción de los
factores de riesgo en la edad adulta, al tiempo que se
divierten y crecen de una manera aconsejable.The pyramid has
been edited with the support of Coca-Cola España. The
pyramid can be downloaded at EXERNET (www.spanishexernet.com), supported by the Spanish Ministry
of Education. Reproduction permitted with the citation
of this article
Mapping participatory planning in Havana: patchwork legacies for a strengthened local governance
In 2019, Cuba approved a new political constitution that calls for deepening citizen participation to strengthen local governance. The emerging decentralization processes and the role of new actors in urban development open new possibilities for inclusive planning. While citizen participation is widely documented in the global South and under Western liberal democracy regimes, participatory urban planning in the context of Southern socialist cities such as Havana has been less scrutinized. This paper aims at mapping the framings, trajectories and legacies of such participatory planning initiatives. Based on mapping workshops and desktop research, we find that participatory initiatives within Havana are spatially dispersed, sporadic, lacking at the city level, and occurring in isolation at the neighbourhood level. We argue that establishing sustained participatory urban planning practices in Havana requires decision makers to scale outwards and upwards the lessons learned from existing initiatives to foster a city-wide participatory planning strategy
December 13, 1474. Epidemic of blindness on the day of the proclamation of Queen Isabella I of Castile: A tourist license.
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