The inorganic part of green roof substrates impacts differently on the growth of two Mediterranean plant species

[SPA] Los sustratos para cubiertas verdes deben reunir una serie de propiedades fisicoquímicas y nutricionales para poder ser usados como base para el desarrollo vegetal. El impacto de diversas dosis de materia orgánica así como del espesor del sustrato son factores ampliamente estudiados en este tipo de cubiertas. Sin embargo, el efecto de la parte inorgánica del sustrato sobre el crecimiento vegetal en este tipo de cubiertas no ha sido ampliamente estudiado. Para ello, se diseñaron cuatro sustratos compuestos por un 10% en volumen de compost mezclado con diversos materiales inorgánicos. Estas mezclas se dispusieron en mesas de cultivo con un espesor de 10 cm. En ellos, se sembraron dos especies vegetales típicas de la zona Mediterránea: Lotus creticus L. y Asteriscus maritimus L. Con el fin de estudiar la evolución de cada sustrato, se realizó un estudio de las propiedades fisicoquímicas, y nutricionales de cada sustrato. Se observaron mayores niveles de nutrientes en las mezclas con suelo que en aquellas que no lo presentaban (CB y CsB). Los resultados sugieren que una dosis de compost del 10% es capaz de mantener un aceptable desarrollo de ambas especies, aunque su comportamiento varía en función de la composición del sustrato. [ENG] Extensive green roofs substrates should meet a list of physicochemical and nutritional requirements to be used as a basis for plant growth. In recent years, the impact of different organic matter doses and the substrate depth on plant growth have been studied although little is known about the effect of the inorganic component of these substrates on plant development in Mediterranean green roof systems. Four substrates were made by mixing the same compost, at 10% by volume, with different inorganic materials. These were placed, with a depth of 10 cm on cultivation tables. Two endemic species were sown in each substrate: Lotus creticus L. and Asteriscus maritimus L. Physicochemical and nutritional properties of the substrates as well as the plant development were evaluated. We observed high levels of C and N in the soil-containing substrates than in the soilless ones (CB and CsB mixtures). The results suggest that a compost dose of 10% was able to maintain acceptable plant growth, but a different pattern was observed depending on the inorganic composition of the substrate.We thanks the INNPACTO project (IPT-2011-1017-310000) for the financial support. Authors are grateful to the Department of “Ingeniería Agromótica y del Mar” of the Polytechnic University of Cartagena for their assistance with the RSI ENVI 4.0 software

Una nueva especie de Aphis Linnaeus, 1758 (Hemiptera, Aphididae) recogida sobre Gymnophyton Clos (Apiaceae) en Argentina

Aphis cuyana López Ciruelos & Ortego, sp. n. (Aphididae, Aphidinae) is described from apterous and alate viviparous females collected on Gymnophyton polycephalum (Apiaceae) in localities of the Argentinean provinces of La Rioja, San Juan and Mendoza. A table with differences of the apterous viviparous females of the new species from the species of Aphis and its close genera Andinaphis and Protaphis known in South America is presented. http://urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:4834FEF4-171C-4EBD-BF91-2137B517491ESe describe Aphis cuyana López Ciruelos & Ortego, sp. n. (Aphididae, Aphidinae) a partir de hembras vivíparas ápteras y aladas recogidas sobre Gymnophyton polycephalum (Apiaceae) en localidades de las provincias argentinas de La Rioja, San Juan y Mendoza. Se presenta una tabla con las diferencias de las hembras vivíparas ápteras de la nueva especie con las de Aphis y sus géneros vecinos Andinaphis y Protaphis, conocidas en América del Sur

Remote Interpreting Systems: Is All That Glitters Gold?

Los recientes avances en las tecnologías de la interpretación atraen cada vez más la atención de los investigadores y de los profesionales y el auge se ha producido tras las restricciones derivadas de la COVID-19. Aunque tradicionalmente los intérpretes no se han beneficiado de los avances tecnológicos como sí lo han hecho los traductores (Costa et al., 2018), marzo de 2020 supuso un punto de inflexión y, desde entonces, el mercado de la interpretación remota ha experimentado una gran evolución y transformación. Conscientes de que esta nueva forma de interpretación necesita de sistemas, de plataformas y de software para que los profesionales puedan llevar a cabo la mediación interlingüística, en este trabajo pretendemos obtener una aproximación de los principales sistemas de interpretación remota disponibles en el mercado desde la perspectiva de los intérpretes profesionales. En consecuencia, a partir de una muestra de sistemas de interpretación remota, basándonos para su selección en el criterio del uso, establecemos los parámetros de análisis para comprobar si estos sistemas se adecuan a las necesidades de los intérpretes profesionales. Evaluamos cada sistema de acuerdo a los parámetros establecidos, contrastamos los resultados y extraemos las conclusiones.Recent advances in interpreting technologies are increasingly attracting researchers and practitioners, which has rose after the restrictions from COVID-19. Although interpreters have not traditionally benefited from technological advances compared to translators (Costa et al., 2018), the remote interpreting market had a turning point in March 2020 and since then, has undergone a major evolution and transformation. In this context, this new way of interpreting needs systems, platforms, and software for professionals to carry out interlinguistic mediation. In this paper, we aim to obtain an approximation of the main remote interpreting systems available from the perspective of professional interpreters. Consequently, from a selection of remote interpreting systems based on the criterion of use, we establish the parameters of analysis to check if these systems meet the needs of professional interpreters. We evaluate each system according to the established parameters, compare the results and draw conclusions

Compost, leonardite, and zeolite impacts on soil microbial community under barley crops

There is little information about the potential effects of compost and zeolite or zeolite with leonardite as soil amendments in barley cultivation. Thus in this study, the following objectives were proposed: i) to compare the effects of the addition of compost, alone or simultaneously with zeolite, and of the addition of leonarditeenriched zeolite with those of the conventional NPK fertilization used in barley cultivation, on the soil nutritional status, microbial community structure, and enzyme activity in different stages of barley cultivation; and ii) to establish relationships between the different soil parameter trends, soil microbial community structure, and barley crop yield. In the field experiment carried out with a barley crop, the alternative fertilization treatments tested had an overall positive effect, in comparison with conventional fertilization with a mineral NPK fertilizer, when soil quality parameters, the nutritional level and yield of the barley crop were analyzed. Zeolite with leonardite increased barley yield in comparison with the compost treatments, either with zeolite or without, but had an excessive contribution to the water soluble contents of Na and N in soil. So, using environmental and agronomic criteria, the most rational action would be the use of compost in agriculture.The authors are grateful to National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology (INIA) of Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, and ERANET-ARIMNET programme for funding this study as a work action inside the project ARIDWASTE (Ref. number: 219262 FP7-ERANET ARIMNET) entitled: “Development of Specific Agricultural Practices with the Use of Recycled Wastes Suitable for Intensively Cultivated Mediterranean Areas under Degradation Risk”. The authors also are grateful to Dr David J. Walker from Instituto Murciano de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario, Murcia, Spain for his language edition and writing assistance in this paper

Polymethylferrocene-induced photopolymerization of cyanoacrylates using visible and near-infrared light

Metallocene-induced photopolymerization of cyanoacrylates based on electron transfer processes has been proposed as an alternative to more conventional light-curing strategies relying on photobase generators. However, successful application of this methodology has so far only been achieved for very reactive cyanoacrylates under UV illumination and long irradiation times, which eventually hampers its practical use. To overcome these limitations, we describe in this work the use of electron-rich polymethylferrocenes as photoinitiators, with which fast light-induced polymerization of commercial formulations of less reactive, but more relevant long alkyl chain cyanoacrylates has been accomplished by illumination with visible and even near-infrared light. In addition, generalization of this technology to other electron-deficient, noncyanoacrylate monomers has been demonstrated. The low oxidation potential of polymethylferrocenes accounts for these excellent results, which strongly favors the formation of radical anions by electron transfer that initiate the polymerization reaction. Because of the high molecular weight and superior adhesive behavior of the resulting polymer materials as well as the facile access to polymethylferrocenes, they emerge as very attractive photoinitiators for the light-curing of cyanoacrylate (and other) glues in real applications

Association of HLA-B*41:02 with Henoch-Schönlein Purpura (IgA Vasculitis) in Spanish individuals irrespective of the HLA-DRB1 status

INTRODUCTION: To determine whether the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) B alleles are implicated in the susceptibility to Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP) in the largest series of Caucasian HSP patients ever assessed for genetic studies. METHODS: The study population was composed of 349 Spanish patients diagnosed with HSP fulfilling the American College of Rheumatology and the Michel et al. classification criteria, and 335 sex and ethnically matched controls. HLA-B phenotypes were determined by sequencing-based typing (SBT) and analyzed by chi-square or Fisher exact test. RESULTS: A statistically significant increase of HLA-B*41:02 allele in HSP patients when compared with controls was found (8.3% versus 1.5% respectively; p = 0.0001; OR (odds ratio) =5.76 [2.15-19.3]). These results remained statistically significant after adjusting for Bonferroni correction (p = 0.0028). An internal validation also confirmed the susceptibility effect on HSP associated with HLA-B*41:02 (OR = 5.70 [1.98-16.44]). Since a former study described an association between HLA-DRB1*01:03 and HSP susceptibility, we also evaluated the implication of HLA-B*41:02 independently of HLA-DRB1*01:03. Interestingly, the association remained statistically significant (p = 0.0004, OR = 4.97 [1.8-16.9]). No HLA-B association with specific HSP clinical features was found. CONCLUSIONS: Our study indicates that HLA-B*41:02 is associated with the susceptibility to HSP in Spanish patients irrespective of HLA-DRB1 status

Cranial and extracranial giant cell arteritis do not exhibit differences in the IL6 -174 G/C gene polymorphism

Since interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a pivotal proinflammatory cytokine implicated in the pathogenesis of giant cell arteritis (GCA), we aimed to determine the potential association of the functional IL6 -174 G/C polymorphism with GCA as well as if the single base change variation at the promoter region in the human IL-6 gene may account for differences in the clinical spectrum of GCA between cranial and extracranial large vessel vasculitis (LVV)-GCA

The presence of both HLA-DRB1[*]04:01 and HLA-B[*]15:01 increases the susceptibility to cranial and extracranial giant cell arteritis.

Objectives: To determine if patients with the predominant extracranial large-vessel-vasculitis (LVV) pattern of giant cell arteritis (GCA) have a distinctive HLA-B association, different from that reported in biopsy-proven cranial GCA patients. In a further step we assessed if the combination of HLA-B and HLA-DRB1 alleles confers an increased risk for GCA susceptibility, either for the cranial and extracranial LVV phenotypes. Methods: A total of 184 patients with biopsy-proven cranial GCA, 105 with LVV-GCA and 486 healthy controls were included in our study. We compared HLA-B phenotype frequencies between the three groups. Results: HLA-B*15 phenotype was significantly increased in patients with classic cranial GCA compared to controls (14.7% versus 5.8%, respectively; p<0.01; OR [95% CI] =2.81 [1.54-5.11]). It was mainly due to the HLA-B*15:01 allele (12.5% versus 4.0%, respectively; p<0.01; OR [95% CI] =3.51 [1.77-6.99]) and remained statistically significant after Bonferroni correction. Similar HLA-B*15 association was observed in patients with the LVV-GCA (11.4% versus 5.8%, p=0.04, OR [95% CI] =2.11 [1.04-4.30]). This association was also mainly due to the HLA-B*15:01 allele (10.5% versus 4.0%, respectively; p=0.0054; OR [95% CI] =2.88 [1.19-6.59]). Noteworthy, the presence of HLA-B*15:01 together with HLA-DRB1*04:01 led to an increased risk of developing both cranial and extracranial LVV-GCA. Conclusions: Susceptibility to GCA is strongly related to the HLA region, regardless of the clinical phenotype of expression of the disease.This work was partially supported by RETICS Programs, RD08/0075 (RIER), RD12/0009/0013 and RD16/0012 from ‘‘Instituto de Salud Carlos III’’ (ISCIII) (Spain). However, this research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the commercial or not-for-profit sectors

HLA association with the susceptibility to anti-synthetase syndrome

Objective To investigate the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) association with anti-synthetase syndrome (ASSD). Methods We conducted the largest immunogenetic HLA-DRB1 and HLA-B study to date in a homogeneous cohort of 168 Caucasian patients with ASSD and 486 ethnically matched healthy controls by sequencing-based-typing. Results A statistically significant increase of HLA-DRB1*03:01 and HLA-B*08:01 alleles in patients with ASSD compared to healthy controls was disclosed (26.2% versus 12.2%, P = 1.56E?09, odds ratio?OR [95% confidence interval?CI] = 2.54 [1.84?3.50] and 21.4% versus 5.5%, P = 18.95E?18, OR [95% CI] = 4.73 [3.18?7.05]; respectively). Additionally, HLA-DRB1*07:01 allele was significantly decreased in patients with ASSD compared to controls (9.2% versus 17.5%, P = 0.0003, OR [95% CI] = 0.48 [0.31?0.72]). Moreover, a statistically significant increase of HLA-DRB1*03:01 allele in anti-Jo-1 positive compared to anti-Jo-1 negative patients with ASSD was observed (31.8% versus 15.5%, P = 0.001, OR [95% CI] = 2.54 [1.39?4.81]). Similar findings were observed when HLA carrier frequencies were assessed. The HLA-DRB1*03:01 association with anti-Jo-1 was unrelated to smoking history. No HLA differences in patients with ASSD stratified according to the presence/absence of the most representative non-anti-Jo-1 anti-synthetase autoantibodies (anti-PL-12 and anti-PL-7), arthritis, myositis or interstitial lung disease were observed. Conclusions Our results support the association of the HLA complex with the susceptibility to ASS