BIRD COMMUNITIES ALONG A POST-DISTURBANCE SUCCESSIONAL GRADIENT IN ANDEAN FORESTS OF BOSQUE PEHUÉN PARK, ARAUCANÍA REGION, SOUTHERN CHILE

Abstract ∙ In southern Chile, the most diverse forest ecosystems are located between 36° and 40° S, in the same areas where agriculture and industrial forestry are concentrated. We studied bird assemblages in Bosque Pehuén Park (39°25’S), along a human disturbance gradient from early successional forest mixed with grasslands to barely disturbed old-growth forest. We surveyed birds across all of the disturbance gradients at 18 points from 860 to 1260 m a.s.l. using point-count methods. Each point was surveyed five times per year, during the Austral summer of 2015 and 2016. Our results confirmed that there is a group of forest birds strongly related to old-growth forest, while others were characteristic of open areas. Secondary forests shared bird species with both old-growth forests and disturbed areas, and presented lower abundance of forest bird specialists. The old-growth forest bird community proved to be small and was dominated by Thorn-tailed Rayadito (Aphrastura spinicauda, Furnariidae) and White-crested Elaenia (Elaenia albiceps, Tyrannidae). Most studies in this region have taken place in secondary forests, which are characterized by a lower presence of specialists and the inclusion of birds from open areas. Here, we provide a reference bird community for Andean forests, and we argue that bird communities in secondary forests are not a good control to analyze the effects of human disturbances. We emphasize the need to conserve the last remnants of the old-growth forest found in these regions. Resumen ∙ Comunidades de aves a lo largo de un gradiente de sucesión post-perturbación en los bosques andinos del parque Bosque Pehuén, región de la Araucanía, sur de Chile En Chile, los bosques templados con mayor biodiversidad se encuentran entre 36° y 40°S, en las mismas áreas donde se concentran la actividad agrícola y las plantaciones forestales de árboles exóticos. Estudiamos los ensambles de aves en el parque Bosque Pehuén (39°25’S), a lo largo de un gradiente de perturbación humana desde bosques sucesionales tempranos mezclados con pastizales hasta bosques antiguos mínimamente perturbados. Usando puntos de escucha, registramos las aves presentes en 18 puntos distribuidos entre los 860 y los 1260 m s.n.m. cubriendo todo el gradiente de perturbación. Cada punto fue muestreado 5 veces por año, durante el verano austral de 2015 y 2016. Nuestros resultados confirmaron que hay un grupo de aves fuertemente relacionadas con bosques antiguos, mientras que otras fueron características de áreas abiertas. Los bosques secundarios compartieron especies de aves con bosques antiguos y zonas alteradas, y presentaron una menor abundancia de especialistas en aves de bosque. Se encontró que la comunidad de aves del bosque antiguo era pequeña, dominada por Rayadito Común (Aphrastura spinicauda, Furnariidae) y Fiofío Crestiblanco (Elaenia albiceps, Tyrannidae). La mayoría de los estudios en esta región se han llevado a cabo en bosques secundarios, que se caracterizan por una menor presencia de especialistas y la inclusión de aves de áreas abiertas. Aquí proporcionamos una comunidad de aves de referencia de los bosques andinos, y afirmamos que las comunidades de aves en los bosques secundarios no son un buen control para analizar los efectos de las perturbaciones humanas. Hacemos hincapié en la necesidad de conservar los últimos remanentes de bosques antiguos de estas regiones

Antitumor and immunostimulatory activities of a genotype V recombinantattenuated veterinary Newcastle disease virus vaccine

"Antitumor conventional treatments including chemo/radiotherapy result in several side effects and non-specificity. Therapies including the use of oncolytic viruses, particularly the Newcastle disease virus (NDV), have emerged as an attractive alternative due to their capacity to kill cancer cells directly or through stimulation of the immune system. In the present study, a commercial vaccine composed of a recombinant attenuated NDV strain P05 (rNDV-P05) was assessed for antitumor and immunostimulatory activity. Firstly, hemagglutination activity was evaluated at different pH and temperature conditions. Then, cancer cell lines and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were co-cultured with or without rNDV-P05 and cytoplasmic nucleosomes were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) as an apoptosis indicator. Antitumor cytokines produced by PBMC in response to the virus were analyzed by ELISA and reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Characterization ofrNDV-P05 indicates that the virus is slightly sensible to acid and basic pH, and stable at temperatures no greater than 42 degrees C. The majority of cell lines developed apoptosis in co-culture with rNDV-P05 in a dose-time dependent manner. The highest level of HeLa, HCC1954 and HepG2 cell apoptosis was at 48 h/50 hemagglutination units (HU), and HL-60 was 24 h/50 HU.A549 cell line and PBMC did not show sensitivity to apoptosis by the virus. PBMC from healthy donors stimulated with the rNDV-P05 increased significantly the levels of interferon (IFN)-alpha, IFN-gamma, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and soluble TNF-related apoptosis-inducing I igand in culture supernatants, as well as their mRNA expression. These results demonstrate that the pro-apoptotic effect ofrNDV-P05 and its magnitude is specific to particular tumor cell lines and is not induced on PBMC; and the virusstimulates the expression of several key antitumor cytokines. This study promotes the use of rNDV-P05 in an alternate application of different viral strains during virotherapy with NDV.

ARIA Mexico 2014 Adaptation of the Clinical Practice Guide ARIA 2010 for Mexico. Methodology ADAPTE

Background: The global prevalence of allergic rhinitis is high. International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) Phase III reports a total estimated prevalence of 4.6% in Mexico. There is evidence based on allergic rhinitis Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPG), but its promotion, acceptance and application is not optimal or adequate in Mexico. Objective: To generate a guideline for the treatment of allergic rhinitis and its impact on asthma by adaptating the 2010 ARIA Guideline to Mexican reality, through a transculturation process applying the ADAPTE methodology. Material and method: Using the ADAPTE Methodology, the original 2010 ARIA CPG recommendations were evaluated by the guideline development group (GDG) into which multiple medical specialities managing patients with allergic rhinitis were incoorporated. The GDG valorated the quality of 2010 ARIA, checked and translated key clinical questions. Moreover, the GDG adjusted recommendations, patient preferences and included comments in the context of the Mexican reality (safety, costs and cultural issues). To accomplish this, we ran Delphi panels with as many rounds as necessary to reach agreement. One extra question, not included in the original 2010 ARIA, on the use of Nasal Lavages for AR was created sustained by a systematic literature review. Results: A total of 45 questions from the original 2010 ARIA were included and divided into six groups covering prevention, medical treatment, immunotherapy and alternative medicine to treat patients with allergic rhinitis with or without asthma. Most of the questions reached agreement in one or two rounds; one question required three rounds. Conclusions: An easy-to-use, adaptated, up-to-date and applicable allergic rhinitis guideline for Mexico is now available

The immunogenetic diversity of the HLA system in Mexico correlates with underlying population genetic structure

International audienc

3er. Coloquio: Fortalecimiento de los Colectivos de Docencia

Las memorias del 3er. Coloquio de Fortalecimiento de Colectivos de Docencia deben ser entendidas como un esfuerzo colectivo de la comunidad de académicos de la División de Ciencias y Artes para el Diseño, en medio de la pandemia COVID-19, con el fin de: • Analizar y proponer acciones concretas que promuevan el mejoramiento de la calidad docente en la División. • Proponer acciones que permitan continuar fortaleciendo los cursos con modalidad a distancia (remotos). • Ante un escenario que probablemente demandará en el mediano plazo, transitar del modelo remoto a un modelo híbrido, proponer acciones a considerar para la transición de los cursos. • Planear y preparar cursos de nivelación de conocimientos, para cuando se transite a la impartición de la docencia de manera mixta o presencial, dirigidos a los alumnos que no hayan tenido oportunidad de desarrollar actividades relevantes para su formación, como prácticas de talleres y laboratorios, visitas, o alguna otra actividad relevante

The immunogenetic diversity of the HLA system in Mexico correlates with underlying population genetic structure

International audienc

ENGIU: Encuentro Nacional de Grupos de Investigación de UNIMINUTO.

El desarrollo del prototipo para el sistema de detección de Mina Antipersona (MAP), inicia desde el semillero ADSSOF perteneciente al programa de Administración en Seguridad y Salud en el trabajo de la UNIMINUTO, se realiza a partir de un detector de metales que emite una señal audible, que el usuario puede interpretar como aviso de presencia de un objeto metálico, en este caso una MAP. La señal audible se interpreta como un dato, como ese dato no es perceptible a 5 metros de distancia, se implementa el transmisor de Frecuencia Modulada FM por la facilidad de modulación y la escogencia de frecuencia de transmisión de acuerdo con las normas y resolución del Ministerio de Comunicaciones; de manera que esta sea la plataforma base para enviar los datos obtenidos a una frecuencia establecida. La idea es que el ser humano no explore zonas peligrosas y buscar la forma de crear un sistema que permita eliminar ese riesgo, por otro lado, buscar la facilidad de uso de elementos ya disponibles en el mercado