1,562 research outputs found

    La mirada profesional sobre la argumentación científica escolar en la formación inicial

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    La investigación tiene como objetivo caracterizar la mirada profesional de la argumentación en ciencias, en futuros docentes de la licenciatura en Biología y Química de la Universidad de Caldas-Colombia, utilizando el video clip como estrategia de reflexión de sus prácticas de aula. La conclusión fundamental ratifica, en primer lugar, el carácter gradual de apropiación de la competencia y, en segundo lugar, que los futuros docentes disminuyen el nivel de desempeño de las destrezas que componen la competencia a medida que se aumenta el nivel de complejidad de la misma, situación que exige mayor desarrollo y continuidad en los procesos de formación de docentes para lograr mejores comprensiones de cómo promover la argumentación en ciencias

    Sexual harassment among peers and adolescent dating violence

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    El presente estudio ha analizado la presencia de violencia sexual entre compañeros y en las parejas adolescentes y jóvenes. Específicamente se han estudiado las diferencias por sexo, edad y estadio de la relación sentimental tanto en violencia sexual entre iguales como en las parejas, en una muestra de 490 adolescentes (55,7% chicos, 44,3% chicas, edad media 16.08 años). Los resultados descriptivos mostraron la misma incidencia de violencia sexual entre iguales y en las parejas. Respecto al sexo, los chicos presentaron mayor implicación como agresores de sus iguales y de sus parejas, pero no se encontraron diferencias con relación a los índices de victimización. Se encontró un efecto importante del estadio de la relación: la violencia sexual entre iguales fue más frecuente entre los que se encontraban en “relaciones casuales” y “grupos mixtos” mientras que la violencia sexual entre parejas fue más frecuente entre los que se encontraban en “relaciones serias”. Para la edad, solo se encontraron diferencias en la violencia sexual entre parejas, siendo que los chicos y chicas más mayores resultaron más implicados que los más pequeños.This paper presents a study about peer and dating sexual harassment among adolescents. Specifically, differences by sex, age and the developmental stage of the romantic relationships were analyzed in both, peer and dating sexual harassment in a sample of 490 adolescents (55,7% boys and 44,3% girls, mean age 16.08). Descriptive data showed that the presence of peer and dating sexual harassment was similar. Boys were more perpetrators in both, peer and dating contexts but no differences by sex were found for victimization indexes. An important effect of the developmental-stage of the relationships was found: peer sexual harassment were more frequent in “casual” and “mixed gender” stage whereas dating sexual harassment was more frequent in “serious relationship”. For age, just differences in dating sexual harassment were found: older adolescents were more involved than younger ones

    Effects of exercise in addition to a family-based lifestyle intervention program on hepatic fat in children with overweight

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    ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT02258126Background: Paediatric hepatic steatosis is highly prevalent and closely related to type 2 diabetes. Aims: To determine whether the addition of supervised exercise to a family-based lifestyle- and psycho-educational intervention results in greater reduction of percentage hepatic fat (HF), adiposity, and cardiometabolic risk factors in children with overweight/obesity. Methods: The study subjects of this non-randomized, two-arm, parallel design, clinical trial were 116 overweight/obese children (10.6±1.1 years, 53.4% girls) living in Vitoria-Gasteiz (Spain). For 22 weeks they followed either a lifestyle- and psycho-education program (control intervention [CI], N=57), consisting of two family-based education sessions/month, or the same plus supervised exercise (intensive intervention [II], N=59) focused mainly on high-intensity aerobic workouts (3 sessions/week, 90 min/session). The primary outcome was the change in percentage HF (as measured by MRI) between baseline and the end of the intervention period. Secondary outcomes included changes in body mass index (BMI), fat mass index (FMI), abdominal fat (measured by dual-X-ray-absorptiometry), blood pressure, triglycerides, high density lipoprotein, low density lipoprotein, gamma-glutammyl-transferase, glucose and insulin concentrations. Results: A total of 102 children completed the trial (N=53 and N=49 in the CI and II groups, respectively). Percentage HF decreased only in the II group (-1.20±0.31% vs. 0.04±0.30%, II and CI, respectively), regardless of baseline value and any change in adiposity (P<0.01). BMI, FMI, abdominal fat (P≤0.001) and insulin (P<0.05) were reduced in both groups. Conclusions: Multicomponent intervention programs that include exercise training may help reduce, adiposity, insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis in overweight/obese children.Spanish Ministry of Health "Fondos de Investigation Sanitaria del Institute de Salud Carlos III" PI13/01335Spanish Ministry of Industry and Competitiveness DEP2016-78377-REU Fondos Estructurales de la Union Europea (FEDER) funds ("Una manera de hacer Europa")Spanish Ministry of Education, Culture and Sports FPU14/03329Education Department of the Government of the Basque Country PRE_2016_1_0057 PRE_2017_2_0224 PRE_2018_2_0057University of Granada Plan Propio de Investigacion 2016-Excellence actions: Unit of Excellence on Exercise and Health (UCEES)Junta de Andalucia, Consejeria de Conocimiento, Investigacion y Universidades (FEDER) SOMM17/6107/UG

    A comparison between maximum likelihood and Bayesian estimation of stochastic frontier production models

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    In this paper, the finite sample properties of the maximum likelihood and Bayesian estimators of the half-normal stochastic frontier production function are analyzed and compared through a Monte Carlo study. The results show that the Bayesian estimator should be used in preference to the maximum likelihood owing to the fact that the mean square error performance is substantially better in the Bayesian framewor

    Sobre la capacidad de separar los dos errores en el modelo de frontera estocástica normal/half-normal

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    In this paper, a simulation experiment is carried out in the framework of the normal/half -normal stochastic frontier model in order to analyse its ability to disentangle the two types of errors that form the composite error. According to the results obtained through the mean bias and the mean squared error of the parameters and efficiencies, and via Spearman rank correlation between actual and estimated efficiencies, a good performance of the model is only obtained when considering medium -sized or large samples and the variance of the inefficiencies highly contributes to that of the composite error. The problems of wrong skewness and absence of random error are also addressed. The influence on the results of selecting a wrong distribution for the inefficienc y term is also analysedEn este artículo, se lleva a cabo un experimento de simulación en el contexto del modelo con frontera estocástica normal/half -normal para analizar su capacidad de separar los dos tipos de error que forman el error compuesto. Según los resultados obtenidos a través del sesgo medio y el error cuadrático medio de los parámetros y las eficiencias, y mediante el coeficiente de correlación por rangos de Spearman entre las eficiencias reales y las estimadas, se obtiene un buen comportamiento del modelo solo cuando se consideran muestras de tamaño me diano o grande y la varianza de las ineficiencias contribuye de forma muy importante a la del error compuesto. Los problemas de la asimetría errónea y de la ausencia de errores aleatorios también son abordados. La influencia en los resultados de selecciona r una distribución errónea para el término de ineficiencia también se analiz

    Bayesian estimation of the half-normal regression model with deterministic frontier

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    A regression model with deterministic frontier is considered. This type of model has hardly been studied, partly owing to the difficulty in the application of maximum likelihood estimation since this is a non-regular model. As an alternative, the Bayesian methodology is proposed and analysed. Through the Gibbs algorithm, the inference of the parameters of the model and of the individual efficiencies are relatively straightforward. The results of the simulations indicate that the utilized method performs reasonably wel

    Estimating non-stationary common factors : Implications for risk sharing

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    In this paper, we analyze and compare the finite sample properties of alternative factor extraction procedures in the context of non-stationary Dynamic Factor Models (DFMs). On top of considering procedures already available in the literature, we extend the hybrid method based on the combination of principal components and Kalman filter and smoothing algorithms to non-stationary models. We show that, unless the idiosyncratic noise is non-stationary, procedures based on extracting the factors using the nonstationary original series work better than those based on differenced variables. The results are illustrated in an empirical application fitting non-stationary DFM to aggregate GDP and consumption of the set of 21 OECD industrialized countries. The goal is to check international risk sharing is a short or long-run issue.Financial support is acknowledged from Projects ECO2015-70331-C2-1-R and ECO2015-70331-C2-2-R(MINECO/FEDER) by the Spanish Government

    Validez y fiabilidad del test de correr-caminar 1/4 de milla en niños y adolescentes físicamente activos

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    We investigated the criterion-related validity and the reliability of the 1/4 mile run-walk test (MRWT) in children and adolescents. A total of 86 children (n=42 girls) completed a maximal graded treadmill test using a gas analyzer and the 1/4MRW test. We investigated the test-retest reliability of the 1/4MRWT in a different group of children and adolescents (n=995, n=418 girls). The 1/4MRWT time, sex, and BMI significantly contributed to predict measured VO2peak (R2= 0.32). There was no systematic bias in the cross-validation group (P>0.1). The root mean sum of squared errors (RMSE) and the percentage error were 6.9 ml/kg/min and 17.7%, respectively, and the accurate prediction (i.e. the percentage of estimations within ±4.5 ml/kg/min of VO2peak) was 48.8%. The reliability analysis showed that the mean inter-trial difference ranged from 0.6 seconds in children aged 6-11 years to 1.3 seconds in adolescents aged 12-17 years (all P<0.001). In conclusion, the present study shows that the criterion-related validity of the 1/4MRW test is relatively low in the sample of children and adolescents studied. Beside the statistical significance, the reliability of the 1/4MRWT was considered acceptable, i.e. mean difference between tests ranged from half second to one second.El objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar la validez de criterio y la fiabilidad del test de correr-caminar 1/4 de milla en jóvenes. Participaron un total de 86 jóvenes (42 niñas). Los participantes realizaron un test máximo en tapiz rodante para determinar el consumo de oxígeno pico (VO2pico), así como el test de correr-caminar 1/4 de milla. La fiabilidad test-retest se estudió en un grupo distinto de jóvenes (n=995, n=418 niñas). El tiemplo empleado en realizar el test de correr-caminar 1/4 de milla, el sexo, y el índice de masa corporal contribuyeron de forma significativa a predecir el VO2pico (R2= 0.32). No se observó diferencia sistemática en el grupo de cross-validación (P>0.1). La suma de los errores al cuadrado fue de 6.9 ml/kg/min y el porcentaje de error fue del 17.7%. El porcentaje de estimaciones entre un ±4.5 ml/kg/min del VO2pico fue del 58.8%. El análisis de fiabilidad mostró que la diferencia entre test osciló entre 0.6 segundos en niños de 6-11 años a 1.3 segundo en adolescentes de 12-17 años (todos P<0.001). En conclusión, el presente estudio muestra que la validez de criterio del test de correr-caminar 1/4 de milla es baja en los jóvenes estudiados. La fiabilidad fue sin embargo aceptable.The study was funded by Centro Andaluz de Medicina del Deporte, Junta de Andalucía, Orden 4/02/05, BOJA nº 37 (Ref. JA-CTD2005-01) and the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (RYC-2010-05957, RYC-2011-09011)
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