The fossil crown wasp Electrostephanus petiolatus Brues in Baltic Amber (Hymenoptera, Stephanidae): designation of a neotype, revised classification,and a key to amber Stephanidae.

The fossil crown wasp Electrostephanus petiolatus Brues comb. rev.(Stephanidae, Electrostephaninae) is re-described from a single male preserved in middle Eocene Baltic Amber. The holotype was lost or destroyed around the time of World War II and subsequent interpretations of its identity have been based solely on the brief descriptive comments provided by Brues in his original account. The new specimen matches the original description and illustration provided by Brues in every detail and we hereby consider them to be conspecific, selecting the specimen as a neotype for the purpose of stabilizing the nomenclature for this fossil species. This neotype exhibits a free first metasomal tergum and sternum, contrary to the assertion of previous workers who indicated these to be fused. Accordingly, this species does indeed belong to the genus Electrostephanus Brues rather than to Denaeostephanus Engel & Grimaldi (Stephaninae). Electrostephanus petiolatus is transferred to a new subgenus, Electrostephanodes n. subgen. , based on its elongate pseudo- petiole and slender gaster, but may eventually warrant generic status as the phylogenetic placement of these fossil lineages continues to be clarifi ed. A revised key to the Baltic amber crown wasps is provided

The earliest earwigs in amber (Dermaptera): A new genus and species from the Early Cretaceous of Lebanon

This is the publisher's version, also available electronically from http://booksandjournals.brillonline.com/.Rhadinolabis phoenicica Engel, Ortega-Blanco & Azar gen. et sp.n. is described and figured from two female earwigs preserved in Early Cretaceous amber from Lebanon, representing the oldest Dermaptera in amber. In addition a partial nymph is recorded from the same deposits. The placement of the genus among Neodermaptera is briefly discussed

A Remarkable Tiphiiform Wasp in Mid-Cretaceous Amber from Myanmar (Hymenoptera: Tiphiidae)

The first tiphiid wasp (Aculeata: Euaculeata: Vespoidea: Tiphiiformes) in Cretaceous amber is described and figured. Thanatotiphia nyx, new genus and species, is represented by a male entombed in mid-Cretaceous (latest Albian) amber from Myanmar. Thanatotiphia possesses remarkable apomorphies in wing venation, lacks key traits of modern subfamilies, and is thus classified in a new subfamily, Thanatotiphiinae. The fossil is further shown to be nested well within the family, indicating that major lineages of Tiphiidae diverged by the mid-Cretaceous. The new taxon is compared with modern tiphiid subfamilies and the sparse fossil history of the family briefly overviewed

Serphitid wasps in Cretaceous amber from New Jersey (Hymenoptera: Serphitidae)

This is the publisher's version, also available electronically from http://booksandjournals.brillonline.com/.Species of the extinct, parasitoid wasp family Serphitidae (Proctotrupomorpha: Bipetiolarida: Serphitoidea), occurring in Cretaceous (Turonian) amber from New Jersey, are reviewed. Two species, both new, are described and figured as Serphites raritanensis Engel & Grimaldi sp.n. and S. navesinkae Engel & Grimaldi sp.n

Zoropelecinus zigrasi, a pelecinid wasp in mid-Cretaceous amber from Myanmar (Hymenoptera: Pelecinidae)

This is the publisher's version, also available electronically from https://journals.ku.edu/index.php/paleoent/indexThe proctotrupoid wasp family Pelecinidae (Proctotrupomorpha: Proctotrupoidea) is recorded in Early Cretaceous amber for the first time, previous amber inclusions being from the Late Cretaceous or Tertiary. Zoropelecinus zigrasi Engel & Grimaldi, new genus and species, is described and figured from an exquisitely preserved female in Albian-Cenomanian amber from Myanmar. The genus is similar to other fossil pelecinids of the genera Pelecinopteron Brues (Paleogene ambers of the Baltic and Siberia) and Henopelecinus Engel & Grimaldi (Turonian amber, New Jersey). Although two subfamilies have at times been recognized (or even as two families) the Iscopininae are clearly paraphyletic with respect to Pelecininae and therefore of no classificatory value and accordingly synonymized herein (new synonymy)

Introducing Novitates Paleoentomologicae: An outlet for occasional fossil insect research at the University of Kansas

This is the publisher's version, also available electronically from https://journals.ku.edu/index.php/paleoent/indexA new journal is introduced which disseminates the results of research conducted at or in association with the University of Kansas on fossil insects and their relatives. The journal spans all aspects of paleoentomological research, extending beyond systematic studies to include works on insect-bearing deposits, and their taphonomy and ecology

A Primitive Aphidiine Wasp in Albian Amber from Spain and a Northern Hemisphere Origin for the Subfamily (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Aphidiinae)

A description of a new genus and species of braconid, Archephedrus stolamissus, from Early Cretaceous (Albian) amber from Moraza-Peñacerrada I (Spain) is here provided. This is the first fossil Aphidiinae described in Cretaceous amber. The fossil has some typical characters of the subfamily but possesses a unique assemblage of characters among aphidiines, such as a fairly robust abdomen, with a more pronounced articulation between the first and second, instead of the second and third, metasomal segments, as well as several wing venational traits. The distribution of this and other aphidiine fossils, as well as their putative phylogenetic placement as basal among Aphidiinae, is discussed, supporting a Northern rather than Southern Hemisphere origin for the lineage

New and revised maimetshid wasps from cretaceous ambers (Hymenoptera, Maimetshidae)

New material of the wasp family Maimetshidae (Apocrita) is presented from four Cretaceous amber de- posits- the Neocomian of Lebanon, the Early Albian of Spain, the latest Albian/earliest Cenomanian of France, and the Campanian of Canada. The new record from Canadian Cretaceous amber extends the temporal and paleogeographical range of the family. New material from France is assignable to Guyote- maimetsha enigmatica Perrichot et al. including the first females for the species, while a series of males and females from Spain are described and figured as Iberomaimetsha Ortega-Blanco, Perrichot & Engel, gen. n., with the two new species Iberomaimetsha rasnitsyni Ortega-Blanco, Perrichot & Engel, sp. n. and I. nihtmara Ortega-Blanco, Delclòs & Engel, sp. n.; a single female from Lebanon is described and figured as Ahiromaimetsha najlae Perrichot, Azar, Nel & Engel, gen. et sp. n., and a single male from Canada is described and figured as Ahstemiam cellula McKellar & Engel, gen. et sp. n. The taxa are compared with other maimetshids, a key to genera and species is given, and brief comments made on the family

Introducción

En cada una de las esferas de la estructura social en Colombia se encuentran particularmente ciertos grupos con poder, lo cuales son capaces de coordinar, establecer y modificar políticas públicas según su interés. La influencia que tienen, ya sea en el Gobierno o en alguna otra área, es gracias al poder político, económico o social que han tenido por décadas (tradición familiar) o que han logrado construir al ingresar en cierto grupo social. Según Puello (2010), “élite” se puede definir como una minoría selecta dominante con la capacidad de influir sobre una mayoría dominada; esta minoría selecta se manifiesta en muchos campos más allá del político, como el cultural o el intelectual

Élites, negocios y estructuras del poder en Colombia

En los medios masivos de comunicación y en los discursos populistas de distinto espectro ideológico, se menciona de manera constante a las “élites” como responsables de los problemas sociales, políticos y económicos. Con esto se impulsa un debate entre dos grupos minoritarios: élites, que se niegan a ceder sus privilegios, y movimientos sociales, que buscan reivindicaciones, basados en discursos de justicia social