Análisis comparativo y limitaciones de diseño entre terraplenes ejecutados con materiales seleccionados y terraplenes con materiales tolerables

Trabajo de InvestigaciónEl trabajo de investigación contiene el desempeño de dos tipos de materiales de relleno permitidos por el instituto nacional de vías (INVIAS) en su capítulo 2 – Explanaciones, Articulo 220-12. Para lo cual se estudió la caracterización física y el comportamiento mecánico de materiales seleccionados y materiales tolerables, evaluando los resultados de laboratorio obtenidos de la literatura. Con los resultados obtenidos se estableció las condiciones de falla y se realizó un análisis comparativo en cuanto al desempeño que ofrecen los dos tipos de material frente a los requerimientos constructivos de los terraplenes y mediante el uso del método de análisis de equilibrio limite se obtuvo el factor de seguridad y la comparación de las fuerzas o momentos resistentes y actuantes sobre la superficie de falla, para ello se realizó la modelación de los parámetros de diseño previamente establecidos en el software Slide el cual mediante el criterio de equilibrio limite permite validar la condición de estabilidad de las diferentes configuraciones geométricas de los terraplenes1. INTRODUCCIÓN 2. GENERALIDADES 3. PLANTEAMIENTO Y FORMULACIÓN DEL PROBLEMA 4. OBJETIVOS 5. ALCANCES Y LIMITACIONES 6. ESTADO DEL ARTE 7. MARCO DE REFERENCIA 8. METODOLOGÍA 9. RESULTADOS 10. ANÁLISIS Y DISCUSIÓN DE RESULTADOS 11. CONCLUSIONES 12. RECOMENDACIONES 13. BIBLIOGRAFÍAPregradoIngeniero Civi

Long-term effects of coronavirus disease 2019 on the cardiovascular system, CV COVID registry: A structured summary of a study protocol

COVID-19; Cardiologia; PronòsticCOVID-19; Cardiología; PronósticoCOVID 19; Cardiology; PrognosisBackground Patients presenting with the coronavirus-2019 disease (COVID-19) may have a high risk of cardiovascular adverse events, including death from cardiovascular causes. The long-term cardiovascular outcomes of these patients are entirely unknown. We aim to perform a registry of patients who have undergone a diagnostic nasopharyngeal swab for SARS-CoV-2 and to determine their long-term cardiovascular outcomes. Study and design This is a multicenter, observational, retrospective registry to be conducted at 17 centers in Spain and Italy (ClinicalTrials.gov number: NCT04359927). Consecutive patients older than 18 years, who underwent a real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for SARS-CoV2 in the participating institutions, will be included since March 2020, to August 2020. Patients will be classified into two groups, according to the results of the RT-PCR: COVID-19 positive or negative. The primary outcome will be cardiovascular mortality at 1 year. The secondary outcomes will be acute myocardial infarction, stroke, heart failure hospitalization, pulmonary embolism, and serious cardiac arrhythmias, at 1 year. Outcomes will be compared between the two groups. Events will be adjudicated by an independent clinical event committee. Conclusion The results of this registry will contribute to a better understanding of the long-term cardiovascular implications of the COVID19.SB. Research grant (COV20/00040) from the Carlos III Institute, Madrid, Spain

One-year cardiovascular outcomes after coronavirus disease 2019: The cardiovascular COVID-19 registry

COVID 19; Arrhythmia; Ischemic strokeCOVID 19; Arrítmia; Ictus isquèmicCOVID-19; Arritmia; Ictus isquémicoBackground: The long-term cardiovascular (CV) outcomes of COVID-19 have not been fully explored. Methods: This was an international, multicenter, retrospective cohort study conducted between February and December 2020. Consecutive patients ≥18 years who underwent a real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for SARS-CoV2 were included. Patients were classified into two cohorts depending on the nasopharyngeal swab result and clinical status: confirmed COVID-19 (positive RT-PCR) and control (without suggestive symptoms and negative RT-PCR). Data were obtained from electronic records, and clinical follow-up was performed at 1-year. The primary outcome was CV death at 1-year. Secondary outcomes included arterial thrombotic events (ATE), venous thromboembolism (VTE), and serious cardiac arrhythmias. An independent clinical event committee adjudicated events. A Cox proportional hazards model adjusted for all baseline characteristics was used for comparing outcomes between groups. A prespecified landmark analysis was performed to assess events during the post-acute phase (31-365 days). Results: A total of 4,427 patients were included: 3,578 (80.8%) in the COVID-19 and 849 (19.2%) control cohorts. At one year, there were no significant differences in the primary endpoint of CV death between the COVID-19 and control cohorts (1.4% vs. 0.8%; HRadj 1.28 [0.56-2.91]; p = 0.555), but there was a higher risk of all-cause death (17.8% vs. 4.0%; HRadj 2.82 [1.99-4.0]; p = 0.001). COVID-19 cohort had higher rates of ATE (2.5% vs. 0.8%, HRadj 2.26 [1.02-4.99]; p = 0.044), VTE (3.7% vs. 0.4%, HRadj 9.33 [2.93-29.70]; p = 0.001), and serious cardiac arrhythmias (2.5% vs. 0.6%, HRadj 3.37 [1.35-8.46]; p = 0.010). During the post-acute phase, there were no significant differences in CV death (0.6% vs. 0.7%; HRadj 0.67 [0.25-1.80]; p = 0.425), but there was a higher risk of deep vein thrombosis (0.6% vs. 0.0%; p = 0.028). Re-hospitalization rate was lower in the COVID-19 cohort compared to the control cohort (13.9% vs. 20.6%; p = 0.001). Conclusions: At 1-year, patients with COVID-19 experienced an increased risk of all-cause death and adverse CV events, including ATE, VTE, and serious cardiac arrhythmias, but not CV death.This research was funded by Carlos III Health Institute (Madrid, Spain) and co-funded by the European Union, grant number COV20/00040. Dr. Bikdeli is supported by the Scott Schoen and Nancy Adams IGNITE Award from the Mary Horrigan Connors Center for Women’s Health and Gender Biology at Brigham and Women’s Hospital and a Career Development Award from the American Heart Association (#938814)

Albayzín-2014 evaluation: audio segmentation and classification in broadcast news domains

The electronic version of this article is the complete one and can be found online at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13636-015-0076-3Audio segmentation is important as a pre-processing task to improve the performance of many speech technology tasks and, therefore, it has an undoubted research interest. This paper describes the database, the metric, the systems and the results for the Albayzín-2014 audio segmentation campaign. In contrast to previous evaluations where the task was the segmentation of non-overlapping classes, Albayzín-2014 evaluation proposes the delimitation of the presence of speech, music and/or noise that can be found simultaneously. The database used in the evaluation was created by fusing different media and noises in order to increase the difficulty of the task. Seven segmentation systems from four different research groups were evaluated and combined. Their experimental results were analyzed and compared with the aim of providing a benchmark and showing up the promising directions in this field.This work has been partially funded by the Spanish Government and the European Union (FEDER) under the project TIN2011-28169-C05-02 and supported by the European Regional Development Fund and the Spanish Government (‘SpeechTech4All Project’ TEC2012-38939-C03

Tertulias literarias en UNIMINUTO: Experiencia pedagógica del goce de la lectura en voz alta y la escritura creativa con estudiantes universitarios

La literatura, la filosofía y la lectura en voz alta se amalgaman en el espacio de tertulia literaria del programa de la Licenciatura en Humanidades y Lengua Castellana de la Corporación Universitaria Minuto de Dios – UNIMINUTO, implementado desde el primer semestre de 2022, en la sede de Bogotá. Las tertulias nacen de una preocupación latente por la creciente apatía en el ejercicio del aprendizaje; en particular, hacia el desarrollo de habilidades de escritura, lectura y conocimiento literario. En este artículo nos proponemos relatar la experiencia de implementación de esta estrategia pedagógica, con el fin de reflexionar sobre cómo ha permitido fomentar el placer por la lectura y la escritura en los estudiantes de Letras y otros asistentes a los encuentros. Se pretende realizar una profundización teórica de la pedagogía extracurricular, del rol del trabajo académico fuera de las aulas para dar paso a una reflexión sobre la práctica pedagógica, con un enfoque praxeológico que permite la generación y desarrollo del pensamiento crítico. Se pudo concluir que este espacio ha generado un sentido de pertenencia en sus asistentes y la motivación para ser parte activa del proceso a partir de la creación literaria. Los participantes han puesto en evidencia sus competencias discursivas en escena a través de la lectura en voz alta de sus propias producciones literarias.

Correlation between cholangiopancreatography by magnetic resonance and the endoscopic retrograde colangio pancreatography in hospitalized by biliary lithiasis in the University Hospital San Ignacio (Bogota-Colombia) between 2005 to 2011

Objetivo: Determinar el grado de acuerdo entre la colangiopancreatografía por resonancia magnética (CPRM) y los hallazgos por colangiopancreatografía endoscópica retrograda (CPRE) en pacientes hospitalizados por enfermedad biliar litiásica en un periodo de tiempo en un hospital de referencia. Material y métodos: Tipo de estudio evaluación de prueba diagnóstica retrospectivo, tipo de muestra no probabilístico por conveniencia, el cálculo de tamaño de muestra fue calculado a partir de los datos obtenidos de la prueba piloto y fue de 320 pacientes. Se recolectaron 354 pacientes los cuales se sometieron a ambos estudios (CPRM y CPRE), para evaluar la correlación entre estas 2 pruebas se realizó mediante la variante nominal Kappa. Resultados: cumplieron con criterios de inclusión 354 pacientes, 226 mujeres (63,8%), hombres 128 (36,2%), edad mediana 48 años. Se observó dilatación del colédoco por CRMN en el 60%, sensibilidad del 96,7%, especificidad del 40%, índice de Kappa 0,406 (IC 95%: 0,32-0,50) que indica una concordancia moderada. Para la presencia de cálculo coledociano en CPRM fue 54%, con Sensibilidad del 72,6%, especificidad del 68,3%, índice de Kappa 0,409 (IC 95%: 0,31-0,51) concordancia moderada. Para cálculos en vesícula índice Kappa 0,246 débil. Se identificó 27% de falsos negativos de CRMN para detección de cálculo coledociano. Conclusiones: La CPRM y la CPRE tuvieron una correlación moderada según índice Kappa en la detección de dilatación y cálculos coledocianos en nuestra cohorte de pacientes con probabilidad intermedia. El número de pacientes falsos negativos para coledolitiasis mediante CPRM, plantea la necesidad de búsqueda de otros estudios prospectivos aleatorizados como la ultrasonografía endoscópica biliopancreática que comparen características operativas con CPRM en pacientes de probabilidad intermedia para coledocolitiasis.Q4Artículo original226-230Objetive: Determine the grade of agreement between the colangiopancreatography by magnetic resonance (CPRM) and the endoscopic retrograde colangio pancreatography (ERCP) in hospitalized patients by biliary lithiasis in a period of time in a ref-erence hospital. Material and methods: Type of study, retrospective evaluation of diagnostic tool, the size of the sample was calculated from the pilot simple and was 320 patients. We recolected 354 patients that urderwent both studies (CPRM and ERCP), to evaluate the correlation between both procedures we used Kappa variation. Results: 354 pacients were included, 226 women (63.8%), men 128 (36.2%), with mean age of 48 years. There was dilatation of the choledocus by CRMN in 60%, sensibility of 96, 7%, especificity of 40%, Kappa index 0,406 (IC 95%: 0, 32-0, 50) that indicates a moderate agreement. For the presence of choledocus calculi with CPRM was 54%, with sensibility of 72.6%, specificity of 68.3%, Kappa index 0.409 (IC 95%: 0.31-0.51), moderate agreement. For caculi in the gallbladder the kappa index was 0.246 weak. We identify 27% de false negatives for CRMN in detecting choledocusd lithiasis. Conclusions: The CPRM and ERCP had a moderate correlation according to the Kappa index detecting dilatation and choledocus calculi in our patients. The number of false negatives for cho-ledocolithiasis by CPRM leads us to seek in other prospective aleatory studies like endoscopic biliiopancreatic ultrasonopgraphy to compare the CPRM in patients with intermediate probability for choledoco-lithiasis

Control de la fisuración de traviesas de hormigón sometidas a fatiga

El control del comportamiento mecánico de las traviesas de hormigón en Europa se realiza por medio de ensayos de caracterización recogidos en las normativas EN 13230-1/2 que describen los requisitos que han de satisfacer y la metodología de ensayo, respectivamente. El caso dinámico contempla la aplicación de esfuerzos oscilantes por flexión en el asiento del carril, que provocan la aparición de una fisura pasante en la fibra más traccionada. La longitud y apertura de la fisura aumenta con el nivel de los esfuerzos aplicados. Los requisitos exigidos se verifican en función de la progresión de la anchura de la fisura con la traviesa completamente descargada. Esta caracterización, factible desde el punto de vista de laboratorio, se torna inviable cuando la traviesa se encuentra instalada en vía, siendo imposible establecer su grado de fisuración en condiciones de tráfico. Se propone una metodología alternativa para definir el deterioro de traviesas (con distribución de armaduras y geometrías variables) debido a su fisuración mediante el control de la flecha de las mismas por flexión durante la aplicación de cargas dinámicas. Este parámetro, fácil de controlar en condiciones de servicio, se correlaciona tanto con la apertura de la fisura como con la retracción de las armaduras durante el proceso dinámico.Control of the mechanical behavior of concrete sleepers in Europe is carried out by means of characterization tests according to EN 13230-1/2 which describe the requirements to be met and the test methodology, respectively. The dynamic case involves the application of sinusoidal three point bending flexural stresses in the rail seat, which causes a cracking in the tensile face concrete surface. The length and width of the crack increases with the level of the applied forces. The required requirements are verified as a function of the progression of the width of the crack with the completely unloaded sleeper. This characterization, feasible from the laboratory point of view, becomes unfeasible when the sleeper is installed in the track, being impossible to establish its degree of cracking in traffic conditions. An alternative methodology to define the deterioration of the sleepers has been proposed, (with variable distribution of reinforcements and geometries) due to their cracking by the control of the maximum flexural deflection of the sleeper during the application of dynamic flexural loads. This parameter, which is easy to control under service conditions, correlates with the width crack and the retraction of the reinforcement during the dynamic process

Sticholysin I–II oligomerization in the absence of membranes

Sticholysins are pore-forming toxins produced by the sea anemone Stichodactyla helianthus. When they encounter a sphingomyelin-containing membrane, these proteins bind to it and oligomerize, a process that ends in pore formation. Mounting evidence indicates that StnII can favour the activity of StnI. Previous results have shown that these two isotoxins can oligomerize together. Furthermore, StnII appeared to potentiate the activity of StnI through the membrane-binding step of the process. Hence, isotoxin interaction should occur prior to membrane encounter. Here, we have used analytical ultracentrifugation to investigate the oligomerization of Stns in solution, both separately and together. Our results indicate that while StnI seems to be more prone to oligomerize in water solution than StnII, a small percentage of StnII in StnI–StnII mixtures promotes oligomerization

INTENSIDAD EN COMPETENCIA DE JUGADORES JÓVENES DE FÚTBOL

El presente trabajo tiene por objetivo caracterizar la intensidad exigida en competición a jugadores jóvenes de fútbol de la posición Volante Central pertenecientes a la categoría Sub-17 de cuatro equipos de fútbol de Bogotá, D.C (Colombia). La muestra estuvo conformada por 8 futbolistas, dos jugadores que ocupaban la posición anteriormente enunciada por cada equipo. Se les realizaron mediciones de lactato y percepción subjetiva del esfuerzo cada 10 minutos, también se monitoreo la frecuencia cardíaca durante toda la competición a través de la tecnología POLAR®. Caracterizar las intensidades de esfuerzo a las que es sometido el joven Volante Central de fútbol Sub-17 en competición es indispensable para que entrenadores y preparadores físicos puedan realizar una correcta planificación-dosificación de las cargas de entrenamiento, con el fin de generar las adaptaciones fisiológicas específicas a su posición y necesarias para alcanzar un alto rendimiento deportivo

EVALUATING FUNGI INDOOR PRESENCE IN HOMES THROUGH VIABLE AND NON-VIABLE SAMPLING

Moulds are common and important allergens. They are more abundant outdoors but patients affected by mould allergy stay indoors much longer than outdoors. So, indoor sampling could help to assess the influence of the concentration of allergens in allergic symptoms. The aim of this study was to assess the relative efficiencies of two air sampling methods, viable and non viable, for the quantification of airborne indoor fungi in the homes of patients sensitized to Alternaria. Furthermore, outdoor sampling was carried out to compare results. Samples were taken over six months in Badajoz (SW Spain). Two houses were selected according to the presence of allergic patients to Alternaria. They were sampled once a month using both viable and non viable personal samplers at solar noon. A Burkard personal sampler was used to record spores and a Sampl’air AES Chemunex sampler was used for colonies. Three rooms were selected in each home: living room, kitchen and bathroom. Temperature and relative humidity were registered at each sample. Outdoor sampling was performed one day per week at the Faculty of Science, using a seven day Burkard sampler for spores and the same personal sampler for colonies. On average, 200-300 CFU/ m3 were found from more than 40 taxa identified. The highest number of colonies was recorded in the kitchen, then in the bathroom and finally in the living room. Nevertheless, there were minor differences between rooms. The houses studied showed a similar temporal pattern, with maximum values in December and minimum in January. Cladosporium colonies showed statistical differences between homes, but these differences were not found with Alternaria, Aspergillus or Penicillium colonies. Differences between rooms appeared for Alternaria colonies and Cladosporium herbarium spores. Temperature was positively correlated in most cases and relative humidity negatively with Alternaria spores. The number of spores collected was as twice as that of colonies, with an average concentration between 600-700 colonies/m3 , and nearly 1400 spores/m3 as maximum concentration. The temporal pattern of spores was similar to that found for colonies. Comparing colonies to spores, Alternaria and AspergillusPenicillium showed similar values. Notwithstanding, Cladosporium spores were nearly five times more abundant than colonies. The advantage of viable methods is the identification to species level, but they have the disadvantage that spores from some ubiquitous species, as Cladosporium, do not always grow in those media, which raises the interest to use additional non-viable methods