Use of rituximab in pediatric patients with steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome. A single center study

ABSTRACT: Steroids are the cornerstone of therapy for nephrotic syndrome (NS) with a remission rate as high as 90%. In patients who do not respond to them or are steroid dependent, other immunosuppressive drugs have been used. Although rituximab use in NS is off-label, many authors have published their experience with it. Objective and methods: To describe retrospectively a group of seven children with nephrotic syndrome, either steroid-dependent (SDNS) or steroid-resistant (SRNS), treated with rituximab and mycophenolate, at Pablo Tobón Uribe Hospital, in Medellín, Colombia. Results: Two patients with SDNS and five with SRNS were evaluated; median age at diagnosis was 2 years (p25-75: 1-5); six months after treatment with rituximab there was reduction in proteinuria (93%), in the steroid dose (100%) and in the relapse episodes. However, proteinuria reappeared 12 months after treatment. Conclusion: During the first year after rituximab treatment of NS there is reduction in proteinuria and in the steroid dose, but thereafter there is relapse. It is suggested to carry out another study using a second dose of rituximab one year after the first one.RESUMEN: Los esteroides son el tratamiento de elección del síndrome nefrótico con tasas de éxito hasta del 90%. En pacientes que no responden adecuadamente a ellos, se han usado diferentes esquemas de inmunosupresión. Objetivo y métodos: describir la respuesta terapéutica en un grupo de siete niños con síndrome nefrótico córtico-dependiente (SNCD) o córtico-resistente (SNCR) que recibieron tratamiento con rituximab y micofenolato mofetil en un hospital universitario de la ciudad de Medellín durante los años 2010-2012. Resultados: dos pacientes tenían SNCD y cinco, SNCR; la mediana de edad en el momento del diagnóstico fue de 2 años (p25-75: 1-5); seis meses después de la aplicación del rituximab se encontró disminución de la proteinuria en el 93% de los pacientes; los esteroides se lograron suspender en el 100%; además, disminuyó el número de recaídas; sin embargo, la proteinuria reapareció un año después de dicho tratamiento. Conclusión: con el rituximab disminuyen la proteinuria y la dosis de esteroides, pero la enfermedad recurre 12 meses después de usarlo. Se sugiere hacer otro estudio evaluando el efecto de una segunda dosis de rituximab al año de la primera

Effects of hospital facilities on patient outcomes after cancer surgery: an international, prospective, observational study

Background Early death after cancer surgery is higher in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) compared with in high-income countries, yet the impact of facility characteristics on early postoperative outcomes is unknown. The aim of this study was to examine the association between hospital infrastructure, resource availability, and processes on early outcomes after cancer surgery worldwide.Methods A multimethods analysis was performed as part of the GlobalSurg 3 study-a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study of patients who had surgery for breast, colorectal, or gastric cancer. The primary outcomes were 30-day mortality and 30-day major complication rates. Potentially beneficial hospital facilities were identified by variable selection to select those associated with 30-day mortality. Adjusted outcomes were determined using generalised estimating equations to account for patient characteristics and country-income group, with population stratification by hospital.Findings Between April 1, 2018, and April 23, 2019, facility-level data were collected for 9685 patients across 238 hospitals in 66 countries (91 hospitals in 20 high-income countries; 57 hospitals in 19 upper-middle-income countries; and 90 hospitals in 27 low-income to lower-middle-income countries). The availability of five hospital facilities was inversely associated with mortality: ultrasound, CT scanner, critical care unit, opioid analgesia, and oncologist. After adjustment for case-mix and country income group, hospitals with three or fewer of these facilities (62 hospitals, 1294 patients) had higher mortality compared with those with four or five (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 3.85 [95% CI 2.58-5.75]; p<0.0001), with excess mortality predominantly explained by a limited capacity to rescue following the development of major complications (63.0% vs 82.7%; OR 0.35 [0.23-0.53]; p<0.0001). Across LMICs, improvements in hospital facilities would prevent one to three deaths for every 100 patients undergoing surgery for cancer.Interpretation Hospitals with higher levels of infrastructure and resources have better outcomes after cancer surgery, independent of country income. Without urgent strengthening of hospital infrastructure and resources, the reductions in cancer-associated mortality associated with improved access will not be realised

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

Clinical, epidemiological characteristics and therapeutic management of pediatric meningitis in two institutions of Medellin, Colombia

Introduction: Meningitis is a medical emergency that requires early diagnosis and treatment to avoid complications. Objective: To determine the clinical, epidemiological characteristics and therapeutic management of meningitis in early childhood. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study, which evaluated children up to six years old with bacterial or aseptic meningitis from 2010 to 2013, was conducted in two centers in Medellin. Clinical, paraclinical and therapeutic characteristics were collected. The qualitative variables were described by absolute and relative frequencies, and the quantitative ones with median and interquartile range. Differences in patient characteristics according to age group were explored, using the Chi-square or Fisher test. Results: From the 56 patients studied, 33 (58.9%) were male; 26 (46.4%) showed bacterial meningitis, 20 (35.7%) aseptic one and 10 (17.9%) indeterminate one; 36 (64.3%) were older than two months, with non-specific clinical manifestations (fever and irritability). Gram-negative microorganisms were mainly isolated in blood cultures and Gram positive in cerebrospinal fluid. The most common antibiotic treatment was third-generation cephalosporins in 13 (65%) children who were less than 2 months and 28 (77.8%) in older ones. Two patients died and six children presented complications. Conclusions: Bacterial meningitis was the most frequent in children under one year old. Combined treatment is ideal to ensure adequate coverage and avoid complications

Características clínicas, epidemiológicas y manejo terapéutico de la meningitis pediátrica en dos instituciones de Medellín, Colombia

Introduction: Meningitis is a medical emergency that requires early diagnosis and treatment to avoid complications. Objective: To determine the clinical, epidemiological characteristics and therapeutic management of meningitis in early childhood. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study, which evaluated children up to six years old with bacterial or aseptic meningitis from 2010 to 2013, was conducted in two centers in Medellin. Clinical, paraclinical and therapeutic characteristics were collected. The qualitative variables were described by absolute and relative frequencies, and the quantitative ones with median and interquartile range. Differences in patient characteristics according to age group were explored, using the Chi-square or Fisher test. Results: From the 56 patients studied, 33 (58.9%) were male; 26 (46.4%) showed bacterial meningitis, 20 (35.7%) aseptic one and 10 (17.9%) indeterminate one; 36 (64.3%) were older than two months, with non-specific clinical manifestations (fever and irritability). Gram-negative microorganisms were mainly isolated in blood cultures and Gram positive in cerebrospinal fluid. The most common antibiotic treatment was third-generation cephalosporins in 13 (65%) children who were less than 2 months and 28 (77.8%) in older ones. Two patients died and six children presented complications. Conclusions: Bacterial meningitis was the most frequent in children under one year old. Combined treatment is ideal to ensure adequate coverage and avoid complications

Uso de Rituximab en pacientes pediátricos con síndrome nefrótico córtico resistente, experiencia de un solo centro

Los esteroides son la piedra angular del tratamiento del síndrome nefrótico (SN) con tasas de éxito hasta del 90%. En los pacientes que no responden adecuadamente se han usado diferentes esquemas de inmunosupresión con el fin de disminuir la dosis de esteroides y evitar así sus efectos diversos. El uso de rituximab en SN no está aprobado sin embargo, algunos grupos han publicado su experiencia con el uso de este medicamento como estrategia para disminuir la dosis de prednisolona y otros inmunosupresores.Objetivo: Describir la respuesta terapéutica alcanzada en un grupo de niños con síndrome nefrótico cortico- ependiente (SNCD) y síndrome nefrótico cortico-resistente (SNCR) que recibieron tratamiento con rituximab y micofenolato mofetil (MMF) en el Hospital Pablo Tobón Uribe UribeMétodos: Estudio descriptivo retrospectivo. Resultados: Siete pacientes recibieron tratamiento con rituximab y MMF. Dos teníandiagnóstico de SNCD y cinco pacientes SNCR, la edad al momento del diagnóstico tuvo una mediana de 2 años (p25=1, p75=5); seis meses después de la aplicación de rituximab se encontró disminución en un 90% de la proteinuria, dosis de prednisolona (85%) y del número de recaídas; sin embargo un año después de su aplicación la proteinuria reaparece (82mg/m2/hora p25=50, p75=114 vs 89mg/m2/hora p25=45, p75=322) y la dosis promedio de esteroide que al inicio fue de 40mg/m2/hora (p25=0, p75=60) aumentó a 60mg/m2/día (p25=20, p75=60). Conclusión: El rituximab disminuye la proteinuria y dosis de esteroides, pero con recurrencia de la enfermedad 12 meses después de su uso

Global variation in postoperative mortality and complications after cancer surgery: a multicentre, prospective cohort study in 82 countries

Background: 80% of individuals with cancer will require a surgical procedure, yet little comparative data exist on early outcomes in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared postoperative outcomes in breast, colorectal, and gastric cancer surgery in hospitals worldwide, focusing on the effect of disease stage and complications on postoperative mortality. Methods: This was a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of consecutive adult patients undergoing surgery for primary breast, colorectal, or gastric cancer requiring a skin incision done under general or neuraxial anaesthesia. The primary outcome was death or major complication within 30 days of surgery. Multilevel logistic regression determined relationships within three-level nested models of patients within hospitals and countries. Hospital-level infrastructure effects were explored with three-way mediation analyses. This study was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03471494. Findings: Between April 1, 2018, and Jan 31, 2019, we enrolled 15 958 patients from 428 hospitals in 82 countries (high income 9106 patients, 31 countries; upper-middle income 2721 patients, 23 countries; or lower-middle income 4131 patients, 28 countries). Patients in LMICs presented with more advanced disease compared with patients in high-income countries. 30-day mortality was higher for gastric cancer in low-income or lower-middle-income countries (adjusted odds ratio 3·72, 95% CI 1·70–8·16) and for colorectal cancer in low-income or lower-middle-income countries (4·59, 2·39–8·80) and upper-middle-income countries (2·06, 1·11–3·83). No difference in 30-day mortality was seen in breast cancer. The proportion of patients who died after a major complication was greatest in low-income or lower-middle-income countries (6·15, 3·26–11·59) and upper-middle-income countries (3·89, 2·08–7·29). Postoperative death after complications was partly explained by patient factors (60%) and partly by hospital or country (40%). The absence of consistently available postoperative care facilities was associated with seven to 10 more deaths per 100 major complications in LMICs. Cancer stage alone explained little of the early variation in mortality or postoperative complications. Interpretation: Higher levels of mortality after cancer surgery in LMICs was not fully explained by later presentation of disease. The capacity to rescue patients from surgical complications is a tangible opportunity for meaningful intervention. Early death after cancer surgery might be reduced by policies focusing on strengthening perioperative care systems to detect and intervene in common complications. Funding: National Institute for Health Research Global Health Research Unit

XIV Jornada de Investigación 2023

Eje temático I: derecho, cultura y sociedad: En este eje tamático, se presentan ponencias que tienen como propósito analizar y explicar críticamente, a través de la investigación científica y desde el enfoque interdisciplinar, los derechos humanos, el proceso de estructuración de La convivencia y la equidad en la vivencia de los derechos; los valores, las costumbres, las normas, los estilos de vida, el uso de artefactos y la organización social; los procesos de desarrollo espiritual, de conocimiento científico, de desarrollo tecnológico y estético, y la convivencia y sus implicaciones en lo público y lo privado. Eje temático II: desarrollo humano y sostenible. El segundo eje temático que abordó la XII Jornada de Investigación fue desarrollo humano y sostenible, con ponencias que abarcaron todos aquellos aspectos que van, desde el desarrollo y bienestar individual, pasando por los estudios de las comunidades, para llegar a una comprensión global de la sostenibilidad como un factor determinante de existencia de las sociedades. Eje temático III: gestión y tecnología al servicio de la sociedad. Finalmente, en la XII Jornada de Investigación, se trabajóel eje temático gestión y tecnología al servicio de la sociedad, en el cual se presentaron, desde las diferentes disciplinas, ponencias que aportaron al campo del desarrollo productivo y a la solución de los problemas de la sociedad a través de las oportunidades que una buena gestión y un apropiado uso de la tecnología ofrece. (Tomado de la Fuente)EJE TEMÁTICO I: DERECHO, CULTURA Y SOCIEDAD La respuesta económica a la pandemia dentro del Estado social de derecho colombiano. Los espacios intermediarios como contenedores de experiencias significativas. Análisis del estilo lingüístico aplicado a la psicología jurídica. ¿Dejar o transformar? Cinco puntos para entender la ciudad contemporánea. Studiositas y verdad en la educación centrada en la persona. Los derechos de autor en el contrato de trabajo y de prestación de servicios. Afectación de los derechos sexuales reproductivos femeninos durante el conflicto armado en Colombia. Problemas del acceso a la justicia del campesinado de los páramos de Sumapaz y Santurbán. Vulneración del derecho al agua potable en La Guajira: una falta de garantías. Derechos humanos e inteligencia militar: el dilema de la primacía del interés general sobre el particular. Cuantificación del dolor humano por parte de la justicia colombiana. Retos tecnológicos en el derecho vs. Limitaciones en Colombia en las poblaciones más vulnerables. Construir identidad territorial a través del corredor socioambiental Los Nevados. La naturaleza en la arquitectura: una mirada a la arquitectura del siglo XX. Contrato de trabajo del futbolista profesional. La baja educación en las zonas rurales por consecuencia del conflicto armado y la corrupción en el Estado colombiano. Incidentes de la migración venezolana en el ámbito normativo nacional colombiano e internacional. Legalización definitiva del consumo adulto del cannabis en Colombia: un debate jurídico y constitucional. Wawamia jai, síndrome propio de la cultura: una caracterización de los signos y síntomas de una enfermedad cultural del pueblo indígena emberá-katío. La cruda realidad del reclutamiento de niños, niñas y adolescentes en el conflicto armado en Colombia: una visión nacional e internacional. EJE TEMÁTICO II: DESARROLLO HUMANO Y SOSTENIBLE Migración venezolana en Colombia: perspectiva crítica sobre el derecho de acceso a la salud. El estrés laboral. Una imagen no es tradición: la actualidad de la vivienda raizal en el Archipiélago de San Andrés, Providencia y Santa Catalina. Aprendizajes del proceso de diseño basado en la investigación: caso de estudio barrio Concepción Norte, Bogotá, Colombia. Sumapaz como territorio potencial hídrico y patrimonio paisajístico y cultural: modelo de región sostenible. Revisión sistemática del liderazgo digital desde las competencias digitales. Intervenciones psicológicas basadas en evidencia: tendencias actuales. Herramientas pedagógicas para la concientización de la comunidad a partir del reconocimiento de la memoria histórica en el barrio San Benito, Bogotá, Colombia. Diseño sostenible como factor diferencial en la reconversión industrial de las curtiembres en el barrio San Benito, Bogotá, Colombia. Motivación escolar como factor relacionado con el rendimiento académico en estudiantes en extraedad en la Institución Educativa Distrital República de México, sede B, jornada mañana. La realidad de los objetos artificiales. Performance en nuestro diario vivir. ¿Es necesario la modificación del lugar para satisfacer las necesidades del ser humano? ¿Es necesario hacer modificaciones al espacio natural para generar cultura? La arquitectura como síntesis entre los objetos con propósito o sin él. La creación de los objetos y sus impactos en el mundo. ¿Cuáles son los determinantes de las brechas de competencia laboral en el departamento de Cundinamarca, Colombia? Buenas prácticas de habitabilidad. Reconocimiento de la arquitectura doméstica tradicional en Colombia como una pauta de identidad para el diseño de nuevas viviendas. Validación de un instrumento para evaluar la procrastinación académica. Escala de medición de la soledad BATAN. Contraste entre el instrumento para medir la resiliencia en adultos jóvenes de Colombia (CLANP) con CD-RISC 10. Finlandia y naturaleza: país modelo en ratificación de normas y tratados para la protección de los derechos de la naturaleza. EJE TEMÁTICO III: GESTIÓN Y TECNOLOGÍA AL SERVICIO DE LA SOCIEDAD Aplicación de una tecnología limpia desde el diseño resiliente: simulación de un módulo básico de vivienda social en la ciudad de Tunja, Colombia. Recorrido virtual de la Universidad Católica de Colombia Sede Claustro para la inducción de estudiantes y docentes. Evaluación de eficiencia de un prototipo de un sistema de atrapanieblas tipo NRP 3.0 para la vereda Gaunza Arriba, municipio de Guateque, departamento de Boyacá, Colombia. Sistema de Información para la Coordinación de Trabajos de Grado del Programa de Ingeniería de Sistemas de la Universidad Católica de Colombia (SIGETG). Estrategias de sostenibilidad para la reducción de la huella hídrica en la vivienda de la Costa Caribe. Sistema de evaluación de resultados de aprendizaje de la Facultad de Psicología de la Universidad Católica de Colombia. Identificación de tendencias en la implementación de DevOps a partir de una revisión sistemática. Desarrollo de un algoritmo de trading para operar el mercado de divisas a través de ondas de Elliott y números de Fibonacci. Los derechos humanos en el espacio de la inteligencia artificial. Construcción de paz a través del ciberactivismo en redes sociales de cuatro organizaciones juveniles de Bogotá. Las redes sociales digitales como herramienta educativa: una propuesta de investigación-innovación. Videojuego de realidad virtual sobre la extracción y el tráfico ilegal de la fauna silvestre en Colombia. Arquitectura de la información de la plataforma de inteligencia artificial para el estudio neurocognitivo y el apoyo a la salud mental. Inmersión sobre la innovación: perspectivas sobre el derecho al trabajo y la inteligencia artificial en el servicio de justicia. El ciberterrorismo en la legislación colombiana: un análisis desde la criminología. Modelo de fabricación digital de diseño sostenible para vivienda social. Uso de los videojuegos en el campo educativo: ventajas y desventajas. Resolución electrónica de controversias en procesos civiles de mínima cuantía en Colombia. Estrategia de evaluación y promoción de la salud mental en el contexto universitario. Caracterización de técnicas y herramientas de inteligencia artificial utilizadas para el perfilamiento de clientes por las mipymes en Colombia. Transformar el casco urbano del municipio de Líbano, departamento del Tolima, Colombia: un proyecto parque industrial para el intercambio de saberes y revitalización ambiental. Aplicación tecnológica en agricultura urbana para promover la seguridad alimentaria en poblaciones vulnerables. CONCLUSIONE

Global variation in postoperative mortality and complications after cancer surgery: a multicentre, prospective cohort study in 82 countries

© 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 licenseBackground: 80% of individuals with cancer will require a surgical procedure, yet little comparative data exist on early outcomes in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared postoperative outcomes in breast, colorectal, and gastric cancer surgery in hospitals worldwide, focusing on the effect of disease stage and complications on postoperative mortality. Methods: This was a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of consecutive adult patients undergoing surgery for primary breast, colorectal, or gastric cancer requiring a skin incision done under general or neuraxial anaesthesia. The primary outcome was death or major complication within 30 days of surgery. Multilevel logistic regression determined relationships within three-level nested models of patients within hospitals and countries. Hospital-level infrastructure effects were explored with three-way mediation analyses. This study was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03471494. Findings: Between April 1, 2018, and Jan 31, 2019, we enrolled 15 958 patients from 428 hospitals in 82 countries (high income 9106 patients, 31 countries; upper-middle income 2721 patients, 23 countries; or lower-middle income 4131 patients, 28 countries). Patients in LMICs presented with more advanced disease compared with patients in high-income countries. 30-day mortality was higher for gastric cancer in low-income or lower-middle-income countries (adjusted odds ratio 3·72, 95% CI 1·70–8·16) and for colorectal cancer in low-income or lower-middle-income countries (4·59, 2·39–8·80) and upper-middle-income countries (2·06, 1·11–3·83). No difference in 30-day mortality was seen in breast cancer. The proportion of patients who died after a major complication was greatest in low-income or lower-middle-income countries (6·15, 3·26–11·59) and upper-middle-income countries (3·89, 2·08–7·29). Postoperative death after complications was partly explained by patient factors (60%) and partly by hospital or country (40%). The absence of consistently available postoperative care facilities was associated with seven to 10 more deaths per 100 major complications in LMICs. Cancer stage alone explained little of the early variation in mortality or postoperative complications. Interpretation: Higher levels of mortality after cancer surgery in LMICs was not fully explained by later presentation of disease. The capacity to rescue patients from surgical complications is a tangible opportunity for meaningful intervention. Early death after cancer surgery might be reduced by policies focusing on strengthening perioperative care systems to detect and intervene in common complications. Funding: National Institute for Health Research Global Health Research Unit