Fonksiyonel Kalça Kalibrasyon Hareketlerinin Serebral Palsili Çocuklarda Yürüyüş Analizinin Kinematik Verilerine Etkileri

Objective: Although there are studies investigating the effects of functional hip calibration movements on the hip joint centre in gait analysis, the clinical reflections of these calibration movements have not been examined. The aim of the present study is to examine the effects of hip joint centres obtained with three different functional calibration movements (Flexion/ Extension-Abduction/Adduction-Circumduction (FAC), Modified Star Motion (Mstar) and Contra Lateral Side Modified Star Motion (CsMstar)) on kinematic outcomes. Material and Method: Twenty-three participants with cerebral palsy (10 female, 13 male, mean age: 15.57 ±7.55 years) were included in the study. The hip joint centre was determined by using the functional method in gait analysis by performing three different calibration movements. Kinematic data of the lower extremities were obtained via three-dimensional gait analysis. The effects of functional hip joint centres on kinematic results were evaluated by using the Gait Profile Score (GPS) and peak kinematic values. In addition, the root mean square difference (RMS) and the mean difference of the kinematic waveforms were investigated. Results: GPS value, obtained with FAC calibration movement, was statistically different from Mstar and CsMstar (p<0.001). The difference between the mean GPS values is 0.34o between FAC and Mstar, and 0.29o between the FAC and CsMstar. The difference in peak kinematic values between FAC and Mstar was found to be highest in the sagittal plane (1.95o) in the knee joint, and between the FAC and CsMstar in the sagittal plane of the hip joint (1.87o). The RMS differences of the kinematic waveform of the hip and knee joint were found below 3o. Conclusion: Hip joint centres obtained by using three different calibration movements in gait analysis did not alter the kinematic parameters clinically. One of the three movements can be used to determine the functional hip joint centre for gait analysis of children with cerebral palsy.Amaç: Fonksiyonel kalça kalibrasyon hareketlerinin yürüyüş analizinde kalça eklem merkezi üzerine etkilerini inceleyen çalışmalar bulunsa da bu kalibrasyon hareketlerinin kliniğe yansımaları incelenmemiştir. Bu çalışmanın amacı üç farklı fonksiyonel kalibrasyon hareketi (Fleksiyon/Ekstansiyon-Abduksiyon/Adduksiyon-Sirkümdüksiyon (FAC), Modifiye Star Hareketi (Mstar) ve Kontralateral Taraf Modifiye Star Hareketi (CsMstar)) ile elde edilen kalça eklem merkezlerinin yürüyüş analizi kinematik sonuçlara etkilerinin incelenmesidir. Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmaya 23 serebral palsili (10 kız, 13 erkek, ortalama yaş: 15.57 ±7.55 yıl) katılımcı dâhil edildi. Üç farklı kalibrasyon hareketi yapılarak yürüyüş analizinde kalça eklem merkezi fonksiyonel metot ile belirlendi. Üç boyutlu yürüyüş analizi yapılarak alt ekstremitelerin kinematik verileri elde edildi. Fonksiyonel kalça eklem merkezlerinin kinematik sonuçlar üzerine etkileri Yürüyüş Profil Skoru (GPS) ve pik kinematik değerler kullanılarak değerlendirildi. Ayrıca, kinematik verilerin dalga formlarının kök ortalama kare farkı (RMS) ve ortalama farkı incelendi. Bulgular: FAC kalibrasyon hareketi ile elde edilen GPS değeri, Mstar ve CsMstar’a göre istatistiki olarak farklılık gösterdi (p<0,001). Ortalama GPS değerleri arasındaki fark FAC ile Mstar arasında 0,34o, FAC ile CsMstar arasında ise 0,29o idi. FAC ile Mstar arasındaki pik kinematik değerleri farkı en fazla diz ekleminde sagittal planda (1,95o), FAC ile CsMstar arasında ise kalça ekleminin sagittal planında (1,87o) olduğu saptandı. Kalça ve diz ekleminin kinematik dalga formunun RMS farkları 3o’nin altında bulundu. Sonuç: Yürüyüş analizinde üç farklı kalibrasyon hareketleri kullanılarak elde edilen kalça eklem merkezleri, kinematik parametrelere klinik açıdan etki etmemişlerdir. Serebral palsili çocukların yürüyüş analizi için fonksiyonel kalça eklem merkezinin belirlenmesinde üç hareketten biri kullanılabilir

MFM imaging of expanded austenite formed on 304 SS and CoCrMo alloys

New data related to the magnetic nature of the expanded austenite layers on CoCrMo and austenitic stainless steel by nitrogen plasma immersion ion implantation (PIII) are presented. Implantations were performed in the temperature range between 300 and 550°C for a fixed processing time of 1h. Magnetic properties, nitrogen distribution, implanted layer phases, and surface topography were studied with a combination of experimental techniques involving magnetic force microscopy, SIMS, XRD, SEM and AFM. As a function of the processing temperature, phase evolution stage for both alloys follows the same trend: (1) initial stage of the expanded phase formation, γN; (2) its full development; and (3) its decomposition into CrN precipitates and the Cr-depleted matrix, fcc γ-(Co, Mo) for CoCrMo and bcc α-(Fe, Ni) for 304 SS. MFM imaging reveals distinct, stripe-like ferromagnetic domains for the fully developed expanded austenite layers both on CoCrMo and 304 SS alloys. Weak domain structures are observed for the CoCrMo samples treated at low and high processing temperatures. The images also provide strong evidence for grain orientation dependence of magnetic properties. The ferromagnetic state for the γN phase observed here is mainly linked to large lattice expansions due to high N content

Effect of COVID-19 on Musculoskeletal System

SARS-CoV-2 virüsünün neden olduğu COVID-19 hastalığı, kas-iskelet sistemini olumsuz etkilemektedir. Kas iskelet sistemindeki patolojik değişiklikler kas dokusu, sinovyum ve kortikal kemikte bulunan transmembran proteaz, serin 2 ve anjiyotensin dönüştürücü enzim 2 (ACE2) reseptörüyle bu hücrelerin doğrudan viral enfeksiyona maruz kalmasıyla ya da sitokinler ve proenflamatuar moleküller nedeniyle meydana gelmektedir. Ayrıca hastalığın tedavi sürecinde kullanılan kortikosteroidler de kas iskelet sistemindeki harabiyeti arttırmaktadır. Şiddetli miyalji ve artralji, yüksek kreatin kinaz seviyesi ve kemik yoğunluğunun azalması görülen başlıca semptomlardır. SARS-CoV-1 ile SARSCoV- 2 arasındaki yüksek genetik ve patolojik benzerlikler, COVID-19 hastalığını şiddetli düzeyde geçiren hastaların kısa ve uzun vadeli kas-iskelet sistemi komplikasyonlarının öngörülebilmesini sağlamaktadır. Aerobik ve kuvvetlendirme egzersizleri COVID-19’un neden olduğu kas iskelet sistemi harabiyetine karşı etkin olarak kullanılabilir.COVID-19 disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus adversely affects the musculoskeletal system. Pathological changes in the musculoskeletal system occur due to the direct viral exposure of muscle tissue, synovium and cortical bone cells via the transmembrane protease, serine 2 and angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor, or due to cytokines and proinflammatory molecules. In addition, corticosteroids used in the treatment of the disease increase the disruption in the musculoskeletal system. Severe myalgia and arthralgia, high creatine kinase level and decreased bone density are the main symptoms. Highly genetic and pathological similarities between SARSCoV- 1 – SARS-CoV-2 enable the prediction of short and long-term musculoskeletal complications for patients with severe COVID-19 disease. Aerobic and strengthening exercises can be used efficiently against the disruption of the musculoskeletal system caused by COVID-19

The socio-demographic, clinical and forensic medical investigation of suicide attempts over 18 years old presented to a training and research hospital’s emergency department: Izmir example

*Parlak, İsmail ( Aksaray, Yazar )Suicide and attempted suicide are among the causes of serious morbidity and mortality and are an important public health problem today. In this study, it was aimed to evaluate socio-demographic, clinical and forensic medical aspects of suicide attempters admitted to our hospital, to identify some risk factors. Thus, we emphasize the importance of suicide and drawing attention to taking measures to prevent suicides. The necessary permissions were obtained for the study. The records of 710 patients who applied to the Emergency Department of Izmir Bozyaka Training and Research Hospital between 01 January 2014 and 31 December 2015 were retrospectively reviewed. 54.9% of the patients were female and 45.1% were male. Their ages ranged from 18 to 87 years and the mean age was 32.13 ± 11.52 years. It was determined that they preferred to drink drugs most frequently (n = 665, 93.7%) and then die with firearm (n = 30, 4.2%). Four (0.6%) cases died after all interventions. There is much scientific research on suicide attempts. However, there is insufficient research on how to approach suicidal cases when emergency department workers encounter suicide attempts. In order to prevent suicide attempts and deaths which are a serious public health problem, we think that risk factors should be determined, and protective measures should be taken

Düzlem Çubuk Eleman Rijitlik Matrisinin Deneysel Olarak Belirlenmesi

Konferans Bildirisi -- Teorik ve Uygulamalı Mekanik Türk Milli Komitesi, 2015Conference Paper -- Theoretical and Applied Mechanical Turkish National Committee, 2015Yapısal sistemlerin sayısal analizleri içinde en yaygın kullanım alanına sahip olan sonlu elemanlar metodunun uygulanması sırasında her bir elemana ait serbestlik derecelerinde oluşan deplasman ve kuvvetlerin ilişkisi eleman rijitlik matrisleri ile oluşturulur. Bu çalışmanın amacı, elastik bölgede davranış gösteren çelik malzemeli bir düzlem çubuk elemanına ait rijitlik matrisinin deneysel çalışmalarla elde edilmesi ve teorik rijitlik matrisiyle karşılaştırılarak oluşan farklılıkların irdelenmesidir. Deneysel çalışmalar iki aşamalı olarak yürütülmüştür. Çalışmanın ilk aşamasında deneylerde kullanılacak numunelere ait mekanik malzeme özellikleri çekme testleri yapılarak belirlenmiştir. İkinci aşamada ise altı serbestlik dereceli yük ve deplasman hücresi kullanılarak deney düzeneği hazırlanmış ve rijitlik matrisinin ilgili terimleri birim yüklemeler yapılarak deneysel olarak belirlenmiştir. Ardından deneysel olarak belirlenen rijitlik matrisi teorik sonuçlarla karşılaştırılmış ve oluşan farklılıkların nedenleri irdelenmiştir. Yapılan deneyler sonucunda elde edilen rijitlik matrisi ve teorik rijitlik matrisinin ilgili terimlerinin birbirlerine oldukça yakın olduğu görülmüştür.In finite element method which is one of the most widely used numerical analysis method of structural systems, forces and displacements are related by stiffness matrix. The aim of this study is to determine the stiffness matrix of plane frame element by experimentally. Experimental studies are performed in two stages. In the first stage, tensile tests are done to determine the mechanical properties of the specimens. In the second stage, coefficients of stiffness matrix is determined experimentally using Load and Boundary Conditions Box (LBCB) which has ability to generate displacements and rotations in six degree of freedom by applying unit displacements. Then the related coefficients of stiffness matrix is compared with theoretical ones and reasons of deviations are examined. According to the results, it is observed that the values of related coefficients are quite close to each other

Kıl keçilerinin döl ve süt verimi özellikleri üzerine genetik olmayan faktörlerin etkisi

The aim of this study was to determine the potential effect of non-genetic factors on certain production characteristics of Hair goats raised under semi-intensive management and dry- sub humid conditions, and to investigate phenotypic correlations between these traits. A generalized linear model was used to investigate the effect of non-genetic factors on gestation length (GL), number of services per conception (NSPC), lactation length (LL), lactation milk yield (LMY) and daily milk yield (DMY), while the Chi-square method was used to evaluate other fertility parameters. The pregnancy rate, birth rate and single-birth rate in the Traditional Group were higher, while the infertility rate and NSPC were lower, than those in the Artificial Group (P<0.001). Furthermore, it was determined that LL, LMY and DMY increased (P<0.001), the NSPC decreased (P<0.001), and birth and twinning rates fluctuated (P<0.01) as age increased. The best fertility and milk yield characteristics were in the ≥5 year-old-goats and live weights of 45.0-49.9 kg. In addition, it was determined that kid yield was increased in the goats synchronized with intravaginal sponges impregnated with fluorogestone acetate and in those bred via the traditional method.Bu çalışmanın amacı, yarı entansif ve kurak az nemli iklim koşullarında yetiştirilen Kıl keçilerinin döl verimi ve süt verimi üzerine genetik olmayan faktörlerin etkisini belirlemek ve bu faktörler arasındaki fenotipik korelasyonu araştırmaktır. Gebelik süresi (GL), gebelik başına düşen tohumlama sayısı (NSPC), laktasyon uzunluğu (LL), laskyason süt verimi (LMY) ve günlük süt verimi (DMY) üzerine genetik olmayan faktörlerin değerlendirilmesinde Genear linear model, diğer döl verim parametrelerinin değerlendirilmesinde ise Chi-square metodu kullanılmıştır. Tabii tohumlama yapılan gruptaki keçilerin gebelik oranı, doğu m oranı ve tek doğum oranı suni tohumlama uygulananlardan daha yüksek iken, NSPC sayısı daha düşüktür. Yaş arttıkça LL, LMY ve DMY artmış (P<0.001), NSPC azalmış (P<0.001), tek ve ikiz doğum oranları ise dalgalanma göstermiştir (P<0.01). En iyi döl verimi ve süt verimi nin 5 ve daha yukarı yaşlı ve 45.0-49.9 kg canlı ağırlığındaki keçilerde olduğu belirlenmiştir. Fluorogestone acetate içeren intravajinal sünger ile senkronizasyon ile tabii tohumlama uygulaması nın keçilerde oğlak verimini arttırdığı sonucuna varılmıştır

Anti-phospholipase A2 Receptor Antibody Measurement in Patients with Idiopathic Membranous Nephropathy Diagnosed by Renal Biopsy

Objective: Our study is a cross-sectional study that aims to evaluate the presence and levels of anti-phospholipase A2 receptor (PLA2R) antibodies in healthy volunteers and idiopathic membranous nephropathy (IMN) patients and to assess the relationship between these levels and clinical parameters. Methods: Serum anti-PLA2R antibody levels, complete blood count, urea, creatinine (Kre), total protein,albumin, low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol, triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, total cholesterol, C-reactive protein (crp), sedimentation, proteinuria were measured from 71 IMN patients and 48 healthy volunteers. Results: Of the values compared between the two groups, the urea, creatinine, and modified diet renal disease (MDRD) were similar, total protein, albumin, LDL-cholesterol, TG, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, and complete urinalysis protein values were statistically significantly high in the patient group, as expected in nephrotic syndrome (p\u3c0.01). The anti-PLA2Rantibody levels measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in patient and control groups were found to be negative. The anti-PLA2R level was found to be 0.104 (0.093-0.129) ng/ml in the IMN group, while it was 0.141 (0.117-0.177) ng/ml in the control group (P=0,001). Although the P value was significant, the anti-PLA2R antibody level was found to be high in the control group and was outside the reference range of the kit. Conclusion: There is a need to conduct more sensitive studies with a higher number of patients in order to distinguish between primary and secondary nature and to investigate the presence of anti-PLA2R in IMNpatients, which constitute the majority of nephrotic syndromes in adults. Antibody titer levels were observed to be low and it was revealed that the measurement range of the antibody kit used in the study should be more sensitive

Basic soil properties and soil classification of hazelnut cultivation area in the eastern black sea region, case study; Ünye-Tekkiraz district

The objective of this research was to investigate physical, chemical and morphological properties, classification and mapping of soils of hazelnut cultivation in Ünye-Tekkiraz district of The Eastern Black Sea Region. The study area is located between west of the Ordu and south of the Samsun provinces, at coordinates 4542495- 4537485 N and 342549-347523 E and total area is approximately 31.5 km2. Average annual precipitation and temperature are 1162.4 mm and 14.2 oC, respectively. Elevation varies from 200 m to 550 m above sea level. According to soil taxonomy, the soil temperature regime and moisture regime were classified as mesic and ustic, respectively. Most of the study areas have been commonly used for hazelnut cultivation, whereas southern part of the study area generally cover small forest and pasture lands. In the study area, distribution of geological pattern is palaeocene and eocene rocks consisting of sandstone, siltstone and marl including widely distributed and altered eocene aged volcano-clastics which are composed of basalt and andesite. After examination of topographic, land use, geologic and geomorphologic maps and land observation, 15 profile places were excavated in the study area. The soil samples were taken from each profile based on genetic horizons and their analyses were done in the laboratory. According to the results of laboratory analyses by taking into consideration of soil taxonomy, 11 different soil series were classified and described. Two them were classified as Entisol due to their young age and five are Inceptisol, three are Alfisol, and one is Vertisol. Whereas Hatipler seri has the largest area (14.7 %), Yenicuma Dere soil seri has the smallest area in the study area (3.2 %)

(E)-1,1′-Bis[(E)-but-2-en­yl]-3,3′-(propane-1,3-di­yl)bis­(1H-benzimidazol-3-ium) dibromide monohydrate

The title compound, C25H30N4 2+·2Br−·H2O, was synthesized from 1,1′-propyl­enedibenzimidazole and (E)-1-bromo­but-2-ene in dimethyl­formamide solution. The two benzimidazole ring systems are essentially planar, with maximum deviations of 0.011 (4) and 0.023 (3) Å. The dihedral angle between these two ring systems is 25.87 (15)°. The crystal structure is stabilized by inter­molecular O—H⋯Br and C—H⋯Br hydrogen-bonding inter­actions. Atmospheric water was incorporated into the crystal structure