Patrones espacio-temporales de la captura y los descartes de pesquería de arrastre mediterránea israelí al inicio de la década de los noventa: perspectivas ecológicas y de conservación

The spatiotemporal patterns of discards and catch composition of Israeli trawlers were examined using a 4-year (1990-1994), 324 haul dataset. Haul depth was found to be the main grouping variable for hauls, although significant seasonal differences were also found. 28.3% of the total catch was discarded, and there was a 40.1% discard percentage in shallow hauls. According to these figures, annual discards for the Israeli trawl fleet for the study period are estimated at ca. 440 to 700 t. Both the biomass and the number of discarded specimens peaked in summer, as well as the percentage of juvenile fish of commercial species. These findings suggest that a summer moratorium on trawling would reduce discards. The percentage of specimens of Indo-Pacific origin decreased from 51% in depths shallower than 37 m to 24% between 38 and 73 m, and 8% in deeper strata. Discards along the Israeli coast were comparable to those observed elsewhere in the Mediterranean. The findings presented here are the first quantitative account of fish community assemblages in the nearshore waters of the easternmost part of the Mediterranean, and thus provide valuable information for comparisons with more current datasets that are currently being assembled.Se analizaron los patrones espacio-temporales de los descartes y la composición de la captura de la flota de arrastre de Israel utilizando datos de 4 años (1990-1994), 324 caladas. La profundidad resultó ser el principal factor en la agrupación de las caladas, si bien se encontraron asimismo diferencias significativas entre estaciones. Se descartó el 28.3% de la captura total, alcanzándose el 40.1% en las caladas realizadas en las aguas más someras. Según estos porcentajes, se estimó una captura anual descartada por la flota de Israel en ese período de 440-700 t. La biomasa, el número de ejemplares descartados, así como el porcentaje de juveniles de especies comerciales fue mayor en verano. Estos resultados sugieren que una veda de arrastre en verano favorecería la disminución de la captura descartada. El porcentaje de ejemplares de origen indo-pacífico descendió desde 51% en aguas de una profundidad inferior a 37 m, al 24% entre 38-73 m y al 8% en el estrato más profundo. Los descartes en la costa israelí fueron similares a los observados en otras zonas del Mediterráneo. Se presentan por primera vez resultados cuantitativos relativos a comunidades de las aguas costeras del extremo oriental del Mediterráneo, aportándose información para su comparación con datos más recientes que en la actualidad están siendo obtenidos

Dugoročno istraživanje ulova (1949-2010) i ribolovnog napora izraelskih koćarica u istočnom dijelu Sredozemlja

The trawl fishery of the Mediterranean coast of Israel was analyzed vis á vis catch and fishing effort for the years 1949-2010. The Maximum Sustainable Yield (MSY) was calculated using the Fox surplus-yield model and was found to be 1,413 ton per annum using 1,415 units of effort (fishing days X engine power divided by 1000). Only during nine years (1997-2005) did fishing effort exceed the value for which the yield is the MSY by an average of 184.9 units of effort, but the yield was similar to that of the previous years. During 10 years the catch exceeded the MSY by an average of 153±119 tons. This result was used to justify the “freezing” of the local trawl fleet at the beginning of the 1990’s.Koćarski ulov na sredozemnoj obali Izraela analiziran je s obzirom na ulov i ribolovni napor od 1949. do 2010. godine. Maksimalni održivi prinos (MSY) izračunat je primjenom Fox modela za viši prekomjerni ulov i utvrđeno je da iznosi 1.413 tona godišnje koristeći 1.415 jedinica napora (dani ribolova x motorna snaga podijeljena s 1000). Tijekom devet godina (1997.- 2005.) ribolovni napor premašuje vrijednost čiji maksimalni održivi prinos (MSY) iznosi u prosjeku 184,9 jedinica, dok je prinos bio sličan onome prethodnih godina. Tijekom 10 godina ulov je premašio, maksimalni održivi prinos (MSY) za prosječno 153 ± 119 tona. Taj rezultat je bio upotrebljen kao argument za „zamrzavanje“ lokalne kočarske flote početkom 1990-ih godina

Pojava lesepsijskog migranta Lutjanus argentimaculatus u Sredozemlju, (Actinopterygii: Perciformes: Lutjanidae) prvi zapis s obale Izraela

Two specimens of the Lessepsian migrant, the Mangrove red snapper Lutjanus argentimaculatus are reported from the Mediterranean coast of Israel. L. argentimaculatus was first recorded in the Mediterranean in 1979 by a single specimen. Over three decades later and only in the last two years four specimens, including the two reported herein, were recorded. This pattern strongly suggests that L. argentimaculatus has established a sustainable population in the Mediterranean.U radu se opisuje prvi nalaz dva primjerka lesepsijskog migranta Lutjanus argentimaculatus na Izraelskoj obali. Prvi nalaz jednog primjerka vrste Lutjanus argentimaculatus zabilježen je 1979. godine u Sredozemnom moru. Trideset godina nakon tog nalaza i to u posljednje dvije godine zabi-lježen je nalaz četiri primjerka uključujući dva navedena u ovom radu. Na temelju nalaza izvidno je da je vrsta Lutjanus argentimaculatus uspostavila populaciju u Sredozemlju

First record of the Emperor angelfish, Pomacanthus imperator (Teleostei: Pomacanthidae) and the second record of the spotbase burrfish Cyclichthys spilostylus (Teleostei: Diodontidae) in the Mediterranean

Abstract The Emperor angelfish Pomacanthus imperator (Bloch, 1787) was recorded for the first time from the Mediterranean. Its occurrence there is due to either migration from the Red Sea (Lessepsian migration) or as an escapee from the aquarium trade. The spotbase burrfish Cyclichthys spilostylu

Izrael: Rekonstruirane procjene ukupnog izlova u Sredozemnom moru, 1950.–2010.

Over the past six decades, the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) has reported fisheries ‘landings’, not ‘total removals’ for Israel. Thus, public data do not include all removals, including discards, the recreational fishery, subsistence portions of the catch or Bluefin tuna catches. Moreover, FAO data inadvertently included landings by Gaza fishers in the Gaza Strip during the 1960s and 1970s. We reconstructed total removals for Israel fishing in the Mediterranean Sea using various anchor points from recent studies to account for the missing removals. We estimated total removals at slightly over 255,400 tonnes for 1950-2010, which are nearly 30% higher than the 198,136 t of Israel’s reported catch to FAO (after exclusion of data from the Gaza Strip). The major components of unreported removals were discards (over 37,400 t), dominated by the trawl fishery, and recreational removals (over 15,500 t), which account for a large and rapidly growing fishery sector in Israel. In contrast, subsistence catches (just under 4,000 t) are low, which is not unexpected for a developed country. Non-indigenous Indo-Pacific organisms are a large and growing component in the multispecies catch of Mediterranean fishers; however they appear to change species composition and mode of exploitation more than they affect the level of total removals. In the highly oligotrophic, yet fast changing Levantine Sea, the high discarding rates, use of unsustainable fishing methods and under-regulated fisheries (particularly the recreational sector) pose a threat to the integrity of the marine environment and the ecosystem services we expect from it.Tijekom proteklih šest desetljeća, FAO je davao izvješća o ulovu (iskrcajnom ulovu), ali ne i o ukupnom izlovu za Izrael. Stoga, javni podaci ne uključuju sve izlove, uključujući odbačeni ulov, ulov u rekreacijskom ribolovu, ulove u dopunskom ribolovu kao i ulove plavoperajne tune. Štoviše, FAO podaci nehotice uključuju i ulov ribara u pojasu Gaze tijekom 1960-ih i 1970- ih. Rekonstruirani su ukupni izlovi za Izraelski ribolov u Sredozemnom moru, koristeći razna polazišta iz nedavnih studija kako bi se obračunali nedostajući podaci o sveukupnom izlovu. Procijenjen ukupni izlov iznosi nešto više od 255.400 tona za razdoblje od 1950.-2010., koji je gotovo 30% veći od 198.136 t izraelskog prijavljenog ulova prema FAO (nakon odbacivanja podataka iz pojasa Gaze). Glavne komponente neprijavljenih izlova su: odbačeni ulov (preko 37.400 t), u kojem dominira koćarski ribolov, i rekreacijski izlov (preko 15.500 t), koji čini veliki i brzo rastući sektor ribarstva u Izraelu. Nasuprot tome, ulovi u dopunskom ribolovu (nešto manje od 4.000 t) su niski, što i nije neočekivano za razvijene zemlje. Strani organizmi iz Crvenog mora su velika i rastuća komponenta u ulovima mediteranskih ribara, no čini se da će isti promijeniti sastav vrsta kao i način iskorištavanja živih bogatstava znatno više nego što recimo utječu na razini ukupnog izlova. U vrlo oligotrofnom, ali i brzo mijenjajućem Levantskom moru, velike količine odbačenog ulova, postojeća uporaba neodrživih metoda ribolova kao i slabo reguliran ribolov (osobito unutar rekreativnog sektora) predstavljaju prijetnju integritetu morskog ekosustava te ujedno time i onome što možemo očekivati od njega

Prevenção do câncer de colo uterino

O câncer do colo uterino constitui um grave problema de saúde pública, atingindo todas as camadas sociais e regiões geoeconômicas do país. Definido como afecção progressiva, o câncer de colo uterino é caracterizado por alterações intra-epiteliais cervicais, que podem se desenvolver para um estágio invasivo em longo prazo, tendo etapas bem definidas e de lenta evolução, sendo que este tipo de câncer permite sua interrupção a partir de um diagnóstico precoce e do tratamento oportuno que poderá apresentar custos reduzidos. Assim, as medidas de prevenção são consideradas de suma importância e envolvem o rastreamento de lesões na população sintomática e assintomática, podendo ser identificado o grau das mesmas e o tratamento ser adequado. Neste estudo foi realizado uma revisão narrativa, de trabalhos vinculados a Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde, realizados no período de 2000 a 2012 com o objetivo de discorrer sobre aspectos epidemiológicos, fisiopatológicos e de prevenção do câncer de colo uterino. O PSF se torna, cada vez mais, um instrumento de estratégia no combate ao câncer do colo do útero. Os profissionais devem aproveitar todas as oportunidades de contato com as mulheres para reforçar orientações, sanar dúvidas, conhecimentos, direitos em relação a sua saúde, sendo assim, atenção especial à educação em saúde. Há ainda muitas barreiras que impedem as mulheres ao acesso a educação e promoção da saúde, principalmente quanto ao câncer de colo de útero. Este fato mostra que as campanhas de prevenção e ou detecção precoce desta doença não têm sido bem sucedidas, apesar do amplo conhecimento que este tipo de câncer continua sendo uma séria ameaça para a população brasileira

Are we ready to track climate-driven shifts in marine species across international boundaries? - A global survey of scientific bottom trawl data

Marine biota are redistributing at a rapid pace in response to climate change and shifting seascapes. While changes in fish populations and community structure threaten the sustainability of fisheries, our capacity to adapt by tracking and projecting marine species remains a challenge due to data discontinuities in biological observations, lack of data availability, and mismatch between data and real species distributions. To assess the extent of this challenge, we review the global status and accessibility of ongoing scientific bottom trawl surveys. In total, we gathered metadata for 283,925 samples from 95 surveys conducted regularly from 2001 to 2019. We identified that 59% of the metadata collected are not publicly available, highlighting that the availability of data is the most important challenge to assess species redistributions under global climate change. Given that the primary purpose of surveys is to provide independent data to inform stock assessment of commercially important populations, we further highlight that single surveys do not cover the full range of the main commercial demersal fish species. An average of 18 surveys is needed to cover at least 50% of species ranges, demonstrating the importance of combining multiple surveys to evaluate species range shifts. We assess the potential for combining surveys to track transboundary species redistributions and show that differences in sampling schemes and inconsistency in sampling can be overcome with spatio-temporal modeling to follow species density redistributions. In light of our global assessment, we establish a framework for improving the management and conservation of transboundary and migrating marine demersal species. We provide directions to improve data availability and encourage countries to share survey data, to assess species vulnerabilities, and to support management adaptation in a time of climate-driven ocean changes.En prensa6,86

Prvi nalaz čarobnog patkokljunića, Facciolella oxyrhyncha (Anguilliformes, Nettastomatidae) iz Izraela

Facciolella oxyrhyncha was recorded for the first time from the Mediterranean coast of Israel. The present record extends considerably its eastward distribution from the Bay of Antalya which was considered hitherto its most eastern point of distribution.Autori opisuju prvi nalaz čarobnog patkokljunića Facciolella oxyrhyncha na mediteranskoj obali Izraela. Ovaj nalaz je zabilježen u istočnom dijelu Zaljeva Antalya koja se ujedno smatra najistočnijom točkom na kojoj je ova vrsta zabilježena

Prvi nalaz čarobnog patkokljunića, Facciolella oxyrhyncha (Anguilliformes, Nettastomatidae) iz Izraela

Facciolella oxyrhyncha was recorded for the first time from the Mediterranean coast of Israel. The present record extends considerably its eastward distribution from the Bay of Antalya which was considered hitherto its most eastern point of distribution.Autori opisuju prvi nalaz čarobnog patkokljunića Facciolella oxyrhyncha na mediteranskoj obali Izraela. Ovaj nalaz je zabilježen u istočnom dijelu Zaljeva Antalya koja se ujedno smatra najistočnijom točkom na kojoj je ova vrsta zabilježena