Researc of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines dynamic on the background of endothelial dysfunction development induced by experimental osteoarthrosis

Study have been carried out on white Wistar line rats (age – 3 months, weight – 180-220 g). According to the tasks the animals were divided into 7 groups:1st group is intact (n = 20). 2nd group is rats, which were modeled osteoarthritis without further correction and were withdrawn from the experiment in the first stage (7th day) (n=40). 3rd group is rats, which were modeled osteoarthritis without further correction and removed from the experiment in the second stage (21st day) (n=40). 4th group is rats, in which experimental osteoarthritis was corrected with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (Diclofenac) and aminoguanidine and removed from the experiment in the first stage (7th day) (n=20). 5th group is rats, in which experimental osteoarthritis was corrected with NSAIDs (Diclofenac) and aminoguanidine and withdrawn from the experiment in the second stage (21st day) (n=20). 6th group is rats, where experimental osteoarthritis was corrected using NSAIDs and a 7% L-arginine solution and withdrawn from the experiment in the first stage (7th day) (n=20). 7th group is rats, in which experimental osteoarthritis was corrected with NSAIDs and 7% L-arginine solution and withdrawn from the experiment in the second stage (21st day) (n=20). Animals were withdrawn from the experiment for the 7th day and the 21st day after the simulation of the pathological condition. NSAIDs (Diclofenac), aminoguanidine and L-arginine were administered from the beginning of the study.It were found during the experiment, increased levels of Interleukin 1β and Interleukin 10 in the simulated osteoarthrosis pathogenesis. It has been established positive dynamics of these cytokines in the endothelial dysfunction correction at osteoarthritis with the aminoguadine correction. It was revealed more pronounced efficacy of using L-arginine as a corrective means of impaired endothelial function in experimental osteoarthritis. Comparative characteristics of correction agents has shown that the use of nitric oxide donor is more effective than incubation of inducible NO synthase. It was proved  normalization of endothelial functional status indicators in the group of animals treated with L-arginine as a part of complex correction of osteoarthrosis was proved

Dynamics of endothelial and inducible synthase nitric oxide in experimental osteoarthritis and its correction

Study have been carried out on white Wistar line rats (age – 3 months, weight – 180-220 g). According to the tasks the animals were divided into 7 groups:1st group is intact (n = 20). 2nd group is rats, which were modeled osteoarthritis without further correction and were withdrawn from the experiment in the first stage (7th day) (n=40). 3rd group is rats, which were modeled osteoarthritis without further correction and removed from the experiment in the second stage (21st day) (n=40). 4th group is rats, in which experimental osteoarthritis was corrected with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (Diclofenac) and aminoguanidine and removed from the experiment in the first stage (7th day) (n=20). 5th group is rats, in which experimental osteoarthritis was corrected with NSAIDs (Diclofenac) and aminoguanidine and withdrawn from the experiment in the second stage (21st day) (n=20). 6th group is rats, where experimental osteoarthritis was corrected using NSAIDs and a 7% L-arginine solution and withdrawn from the experiment in the first stage (7th day) (n=20)7th group is rats, in which experimental osteoarthritis was corrected with NSAIDs and 7% L-arginine solution and withdrawn from the experiment in the second stage (21st day) (n=20)Animals were withdrawn from the experiment for the 7th day and the 21st day after the simulation of the pathological condition. NSAIDs (Diclofenac), aminoguanidine and L-arginine were administered from the beginning of the study.During the experiment was found nitric oxide hyperproduction by increasing the activity of inducible NO synthase. It was found decreased endothelial NO synthase activity against the background of experimental osteoarthritis development and the induced inducible NO synthase activation. It has been proven aminoguadine correction effectiveness (inducible NO-synthase inhibitor) of endothelial dysfunction in osteoarthritis. It has been established the feasibility of using L-arginine as a corrective agent for endothelial dysfunction in experimental osteoarthritis. Correction agents comparative characteristics showed that the use of nitric oxide donor is more effective compared to  inducible NO synthase inhibition

Imbalance of vasoconstrictor / vasodilation potential caused by experimental osteoarthritis development

Study have been carried out on white Wistar line rats (age – 3 months, weight – 180-220 g). According to the tasks the animals were divided into 7 groups:1st group is intact (n = 20). 2nd group is rats, which were modeled osteoarthritis without further correction and were withdrawn from the experiment in the first stage (7th day) (n=40). 3rd group is rats, which were modeled osteoarthritis without further correction and removed from the experiment in the second stage (21st day) (n=40). 4th group is rats, in which experimental osteoarthritis was corrected with  nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (Diclofenac) and aminoguanidine and removed from the experiment in the first stage (7th day) (n=20). 5th group is rats, in which experimental osteoarthritis was corrected with NSAIDs (Diclofenac) and aminoguanidine and withdrawn from the experiment in the second stage (21st day) (n=20). 6th group is rats, where experimental osteoarthritis was corrected using NSAIDs and a 7% L-arginine solution and withdrawn from the experiment in the first stage (7th day) (n=20).7th group is rats, in which experimental osteoarthritis was corrected with NSAIDs and 7% L-arginine solution and withdrawn from the experiment in the second stage (21st day) (n=20)Animals were withdrawn from the experiment for the 7th day and the 21st day after the simulation of the pathological condition. NSAIDs (Diclofenac), aminoguanidine and L-arginine were administered from the beginning of the study.As a research result was found significant increase in the endothelin-1 level in the blood, which indicates about imbalance endothelium functioning in the predominance direction of vasoconstrictor potential. Shift the balance towards vasoconstriction is evidence of the blood vessels vasodilating potential weakening.There is a positive trend in the endothelial dysfunction correction in osteoarthritis with the aminoguadine administration. L-arginine effectiveness has been proven as a corrective agent for the endothelial function normalization in experimental osteoarthritis. It has been proven that use of nitric oxide donor are more effective than the use of an inducible NO synthase inhibitor

GRIGORY ANDREEVICH LEVITSKY

This article is a biographical essay about a prominent scientist - the cytogeneticist G. A. Levitsky, N. I. Vavilov’s closest associate, who devoted more than 15 years (1925-1941) to his work at VIR, who organized and headed the Laboratory of Cytology there. His scientific achievements and tragic fate, very similar to Vavilov’s, are highlighted. Key words: genetics, cytology

Збільшення тертя у потоці Тейлора-Куетта під час використання натрій карбоксиметилцелюлози

The results of experimental investigations of the influence of the rotor eccentricity on the stator and the influence of the carboxymethyl cellulose solutions on the friction coefficient in the hydraulic brake with the control braking torque are presented. Hydraulic brakes are used in bench studies, because they are simple in design, have high energy intensity and can regulate the load and rotation of the shaft. When using hydraulic brakes, the power developed by the engine under study is spent on overcoming the forces of the hydrodynamic resistance of the friction of the rotor in the working fluid, heating it and converted into heat energy. In the experimental stand, the annular gap between the rotor with a diameter of 113 mm and a stator with a diameter of 142 mm was filled with water and aqueous solutions of carboxymethyl cellulose with the addition of sodium bicarbonate for stabilization. Mass concentrations of carboxymethyl cellulose were taken equal to 0.5; 1.0; 2.0; 4.0 %, sodium bicarbonate – 0.2 % by weight of solution. The annular gap between the surfaces of the cylinders, which corresponded to their coaxial location, was transformed into a closed confuser-diffuser with a change in the position of the outer cylinder. It was also found that with increasing of angular velocity, the difference between the dimensionless torque for water and the aqueous solutions of carboxymethyl cellulose increases with a relative width of the gap equal to 1.0. The dependence of the coefficient of friction on the Reynolds number, on the width of the gap between the rotor and stator and on the concentration of aqueous solutions of carboxymethyl cellulose was found. As the Reynolds number increases, a decrease in the coefficient of friction for the investigated concentrations of solutions of carboxymethyl cellulose is observed. At constant values of the Reynolds number with an increase in the concentration of studied solutions of carboxymethyl cellulose, an increase in the coefficient of friction compared with water was obtained. With a decrease in the gap width, an increase in the friction coefficient was obtained for all the studied concentrations of carboxymethyl cellulose solutions. The obtained results indicate the possibility of adjusting the brake torque of the hydraulic brake by changing the eccentricity between the rotor and the stator and can be used in the design of the hydraulic brakes with the adjustable brake torque.Представлено результати експериментальних досліджень впливу ексцентриситету ротора відносно статора та розчинів карбоксиметилцелюлози на коефіцієнт тертя в гідрогальмі з регулювальним гальмівним моментом. Кільцевий проміжок між ротором із діаметром 113 мм і статором із діаметром 142 мм заповнювали водними розчинами карбоксиметилцелюлози з додаванням гідрокарбонату натрію для стабілізації. Масові концентрації карбоксиметилцелюлози – 0,5; 1,0; 2,0; 4,0 %, гідрокарбонату натрію – 0,2 % від маси розчину. Кільцевий проміжок між поверхнями циліндрів, який відповідав коаксіальному їх розташуванню, трансформувався у замкнений конфузорно-дифузорний внаслідок зміни положення зовнішнього циліндра відносно внутрішнього. Виявлено залежність коефіцієнта тертя від числа Рейнольдса, ширини проміжку між ротором і статором під час їх аксіального розташування та концентрації водних розчинів карбоксиметилцелюлози. Зі збільшенням числа Рейнольдса спостережено зменшення коефіцієнта тертя для досліджених концентрацій розчинів карбоксиметилцелюлози. За сталих значень числа Рейнольдса зі збільшенням концентрації розчинів карбоксиметилцелюлози отримано збільшення коефіцієнта тертя, порівняно з водою. У разі зменшення ширини проміжку одержано збільшення коефіцієнта тертя для всіх досліджених концентрацій розчинів карбоксиметилцелюлози. Отримані результати свідчать про можливість регулювання гальмівного моменту гідрогальма змінюванням ексцентриситету між ротором і статором, які можна використати під час проектування гідравлічних гальм із регулювальним гальмівним моментом

Comparative characteristics of inducible NO synthase inhibitor and nitric oxide donor in endothelial dysfunction correction caused by osteoarthrosis under experimental conditions

Study have been carried out on white Wistar line rats (age – 3 months, weight – 180-220 g). According to the tasks the animals were divided into 7 groups. 1st group is intact (n = 20). 2nd group is rats, which were modeled osteoarthritis without further correction and were withdrawn from the experiment in the first stage (7th day) (n=40). 3rd group is rats, which were modeled osteoarthritis without further correction and removed from the experiment in the second stage (21st day) (n=40). 4th group is rats, in which experimental osteoarthritis was corrected with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (Diclofenac) and aminoguanidine and removed from the experiment in the first stage (7th day) (n=20). 5th group is rats, in which experimental osteoarthritis was corrected with NSAIDs (Diclofenac) and aminoguanidine and withdrawn from the experiment in the second stage (21st day) (n=20). 6th group is rats, where experimental osteoarthritis was corrected using NSAIDs and a 7% L-arginine solution and withdrawn from the experiment in the first stage (7th day) (n=20). 7th group is rats, in which experimental osteoarthritis was corrected with NSAIDs and 7% L-arginine solution and withdrawn from the experiment in the second stage (21st day) (n=20) Animals were withdrawn from the experiment for the 7th day and the 21st day after the simulation of the pathological condition. NSAIDs (Diclofenac), aminoguanidine and L-arginine were administered from the beginning of the study. We have obtained the following results: The increase in the content of von Willebrand factor (VWF) in the animals blood proves that endothelial dysfunction is an important part of experimental osteoarthritis pathogenesis. It’s revealed the tendency which directed on normalization of the endothelial dysfunction investigated marker at correction by aminoguadine as a part of complex therapy. L-arginine involvement in the complex correction in experimental osteoarthritis more pronouncedly normalized the VWF level, which indicates the endothelial function normalization. The use of nitric oxide donor is more effective in comparison with the inhibition of inducible NO synthase also in the endothelial nitric oxide synthase activity analysis

Структурні зміни печінкової тканини в умовах змодельованого холестазу і після його ліквідації

The introduction in the practice of minimally invasive surgical technologies has signifi cantly reduced the incidence of complicationsin patients with obstructive jaundice. However, there are important morphological changes of the liver after decompressionof the bile duct and restore the functional state of the organ. Studies were performed on 56 white rats, which carried thecommon bile duct ligation for modeling obstructive jaundice. For microscopic examination after 3, 24, 48 and 72 hours afterdecompression of biliary tract, took a piece of liver. The histological preparations stained with hematoxylin and eosin by conventionalmethods. Experimental obstructive jaundice (OJ) is accompanied by morphological changes in liver tissue, whichare dystrophic-destructive nature and the direct depend on its duration. However, if OJ lasted 3 days or 7 days, the maximumnumber of affected liver cells was observed 24 hours after decompression in the future their number gradually decreased. WhenOJ duration of 14 days, even after the restoration of the passage of bile, hepatic parenchyma destructive changes continued toprogress, the intensity of from 3 to 72 hours signifi cantly increased.Впровадження у хірургічну практику малоінвазивних технологій дозволило суттєво знизити частоту ускладнень у хво-рих на обтураційну жовтяницю. Однак актуальними є морфофункціональні зрушення печінки після декомпресії жов-чних проток та відновлення функціонального стану органа. Дослідження виконано на 56 білих щурах, яким здійснювалиперев’язку загальної жовчної протоки для моделювання обтураційної жовтяниці. Для мікроскопічного дослідженнячерез 3, 24, 48 і 72 год з моменту декомпресії жовчовивідних шляхів брали фрагмент печінки. Гістологічні препаратизабарвлювали гематоксиліном та еозином за загальноприйнятими методиками. Експериментальна обтураційна жов-тяниця (ОЖ) супроводжується морфологічними змінами тканини печінки, які мають дистрофічно-деструктивний ха-рактер та напряму залежать від її тривалості. При цьому, якщо ОЖ тривала 3 доби або 7 діб, максимальна кількістьуражених печінкових клітин спостерігалася через 24 год після декомпресії, в подальшому їх кількість поступово змен-шувалася. При ОЖ тривалістю 14 діб, навіть після відновлення пасажу жовчі, деструктивні зміни печінкової паренхімипродовжували прогресувати, інтенсивність їх з 3 до 72 год суттєво зростала

Vacuum-assisted therapy for patients with diabetes mellitus and chronic foot ulcers

ДИАБЕТ САХАРНЫЙСАХАРНАЯ БОЛЕЗНЬДИАБЕТИЧЕСКИЕ ОСЛОЖНЕНИЯДИАБЕТА ОСЛОЖНЕНИЯХРОНИЧЕСКИЕ РАНЫ СТОПЫ /МИКРОБ /ТЕРДИАБЕТИЧЕСКАЯ СТОПА /МИКРОБ /ТЕРЯЗВА СТОПЫ ДИАБЕТИЧЕСКАЯ /МИКРОБ /ТЕРВАКУУМ-АССИСТИРОВАННАЯ ТЕРАПИЯБАКТЕРИАЛЬНАЯ НАГРУЗКАБАКТЕРИИЦель. Определить бактериальную нагрузку ран при использовании вакуум-ассистированной терапии у пациентов с сахарным диабетом и хроническими ранами стопы. Материал и методы. Объектом исследования были пациенты с сахарным диабетом, у которых имелись хронические поверхностные (кожа, подкожная клетчатка) раны стопы с проявлениями легкой инфекции согласно классификации для определения наличия и тяжести инфекции IWGDF/IDSA. Критериями исключения были следующие: онкопатология, тяжелая сопутствующая патология, поражения костно-суставного аппарата. Пациенты лечились амбулаторно и не получали системную антибиотикотерапию. Проводилась терапия ран отрицательным давлением – 125 mm Hg в постоянном режиме. Первый этап работы выполнялся для определения уровня бактериальной нагрузки ран до и после 3 суток вакуум-ассистированной терапии (группа из 10 пациентов). Вторая группа (10 пациентов) была отобрана для определения динамики изменений бактериальной нагрузки ран после каждых 24 часов вакуум-ассистированной терапии, наблюдение проводилось на протяжении 96 часов экспозиции повязки. Уровень бактериальной нагрузки контролировали по изменениям показателя колониеобразующих единиц в грамме ткани (КОЕ/г) биопсийного материала из ран. Результаты. Средняя бактериальная нагрузка ран у пациентов первой группы после 3 суток терапии составляла 8,11±1,27 lg КОЕ/г, что на 31,9% превышало исходный уровень (р<0,05). При исследовании материала из ран пациентов второй группы установлено увеличение средней бактериальной нагрузки ран через 24, 48, 72 и 96 часов после начала терапии, на 10,8%, 16,4%, 38,9% и 58,6% соответственно (р<0,05). Заключение. Использование вакуум-ассистированной терапии у пациентов с сахарным диабетом и хроническими ранами стопы с проявлениями инфекции не обеспечивает необходимого контроля уровня бактериальной нагрузки, поэтому метод необходимо применять в комплексе с системной антибиотикотерапией.истированной терапии у пациентов с сахарным диабетом и хроническими ранами стопы.Objective. To determine the bacterial load of wounds at the application of vacuum-assisted therapy for patients with diabetes mellitus and chronic foot ulcers. Methods. The object of the research was patients with diabetes mellitus with chronic superficial (skin, subcutaneous tissues) wounds of the foot with the signs of mild infection according to the classification for determination of presence and severity of infection of IWGDF/IDSA. Oncopathology, heavy concomitant pathology and lesions of the osteoarticular apparatus were the criteria of exception. Patients were treated as out-patients and did not get system antibiotic therapy. Therapy of wounds was conducted by negative pressure – 125 mm Hg in the continuous mode. The first stage of work was conducted to find out the level of the bacterial load of wounds before and 3 days after the vacuum-assisted therapy (the group was of 10 patients). The second group (10 patients) was selected to determine the dynamics of changes of the wound bioburden level after every 24 hours of vacuum-assisted therapy, the observation was performed during 96 hours of the bandage exposure. The level of the bacterial load was controlled according to the changes of index of colony-forming units in the gram of tissue (CFU/g) of the wound biopsy material. Results. The average bioburden level of wounds for the 1st group patients after the removal of bandage was 8.11±1.27 lg CFU/g, this exceeds the initial level by 31.9 % (р<0.05). The investigation of the material from the wounds of the 2nd group patients established a considerable increase of the average bioburden level of wounds in 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours after the beginning of the therapy, 10.8 %, 16.4 %, 38.9 % and 58.6 % accordingly (р<0.05). Conclusions. In patients with diabetes mellitus and chronic wounds of the foot with signs of infection, vacuum-assisted therapy does not provide essential control of the bioburden level and should be used in combination with systemic antibiotic therapy

НЕИММУННЫЙ ОТЁК ПЛОДА ПРИ ВНУТРИУТРОБНОЙ ИНФЕКЦИИ

Nonimmune hydrops fetalis (NIHF) may be due to congenital infections. This article examines the congenital infections associated with NIHF – parvovirus and syphilis. Particular attention is paid to data verification infection and specificity of morphological changes in the placenta.Внутриутробная инфекция может сопровождаться неиммунным отёком плода. В данной статье приводятся практические наблюдения случаев неиммунного отёка плода при парвовирусной инфекции и сифилисе. Особое внимание уделено верификации данных инфекций и специфичности морфологических изменений в плаценте

Оценка эффективных доз при проведении баллонной пластики пищевода у детей

Interventional examinations are associated with high levels of patient exposure per examination, which makes it particularly important to monitor individual patient doses and to assess radiation risks. The aim of this study was the assessment of effective doses for fluoroscopy-guided balloon dilatation of benign esophageal strictures, whichwasperformedonpediatricpatientsaged 1 to 2 yearsatthe Departmentof Radiosurgical Methodsof Diagnosis and Treatment of St. Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University. Patient exposure patterns were basedonourowndatacollection.    Thecalculationofeffectiveandorgandosesofpatientsnormalizedbythevalue of the dose area product measured during the study was carried out using PCXMC 2.0 software. The conversion coefficients from the dose area product to the effective dose were calculated using tissue weighting coefficients from the ICRP Publications 60 and 103 their values were 10.7 and 11.7 µSv/cGy cm2, respectively. The results of verification of the method indicated that the use of inappropriate conversion coefficients leads to an almost double underestimation of children’s effective doses. Differences in the values of conversion coefficients are significant and are explained by differences in voltage, source to image distance, and irradiation field size. A simplified model of patient exposure was proposed, which is described by a single irradiation field. The assessment of effective doses using multi-field and single-field irradiation model shows comparable results, which allows using the differentiated approach to the assessment of radiation doses of patients.Интервенционные исследования связаны с высокими уровнями облучения пациентов, что обусловливает повышенное внимание к контролю доз пациентов, а также оценки радиационных рисков и вероятности развития детерминированных эффектов. Целью данного исследования являлась оценка эффективных доз при проведении интервенционных исследований на примере баллонной пластики пищевода, которую выполняли педиатрическим пациентам в возрасте от 1 до 2 лет на базе отделения рентгенохирургических методов диагностики и лечения Санкт-Петербургского государственного педиатрического медицинского университета. Модели облучения пациентов были разработаны на основе собственных данных. Расчет эффективных и органных доз пациентов, нормированных на значение произведения дозы на площадь, измеренного в ходе исследования, проводился с помощью программного обеспечения PCXMC 2.0. Значения коэффициентов перехода от произведения дозы на площадь к эффективной дозе, определенные с использованием тканевых взвешивающих коэффициентов из Публикаций МКРЗ 60 и 103, составили 10,7 и 11,7 мкЗв/сГр х см2 соответственно. Результаты верификации метода оценки эффективных доз на примере баллонной пластики пищевода показали, что использование несоответствующих коэффициентов перехода может приводить к недооценке эффективных доз детей в несколько раз. Различия в значениях коэффициентов перехода от произведения дозы на площадь к эффективной дозе значительны и объясняются разницей в исходных параметрах используемого ангиографического аппарата, используемых параметрах напряжения, расстояния источник – приемник и размера поля облучения на самом пациенте. Для конкретной рассмотренной процедуры была предложена упрощенная модель облучения пациентов, описываемая одним полем облучения. Оценка эффективных доз с использованием многопольной и однопольной модели показала сопоставимые результаты, что позволяет в похожих случаях использовать дифференцированный подход к оценке доз облучения пациентов