112 research outputs found

    High pCO 2 levels affect metabolic rate, but not feeding behavior and fitness, of farmed giant mussel Choromytilus chorus

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    IndexaciĂłn: Scopus.Acknowledgements. We thank Luisa Saavedra and Araceli Rodriguez-Romero for their help in the field and during laboratory activities. We also acknowledge Laura Ramajo for help with AT estimations. Emily Giles Neill provided valuable comments that greatly improved the manuscript. Special thanks are due to the reviewers and the editor for very constructive comments on the manuscript. This study was supported by the Millennium Nucleus Center for the Study of Multiple drivers on Marine Socio-Ecological Systems (MUSELS) funded by MINECON NC120086, PIA CONICYT ACT-172037 and FONDECYT grant nos. 1140938 and 1140092 to N.A.L. and M.A.L.Mar Ecol Prog Ser 454: 65−74 Findlay HS, Wood HL, Kendall MA, Spicer JI, Twitchett RJ, Widdicombe S (2009) Calcification, a physiological pro-cess to be considered in the context of the whole organ-ism. 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J Sea Res 90: 127−134 Lardies MA, BenĂ­tez S, Osores S, Vargas CA, Duarte C, Lohrmann KB, Lagos NA (2017) Physiological and histo - pathological impacts of increased carbon dioxide and temperature on the scallops Argopecten purpuratus cultured under upwelling influences in northern Chile. Aquaculture 479: 455−466 Lemasson AJ, Fletcher S, Hall-Spencer JM, Knights AM (2017) Linking the biological impacts of ocean acidifica-tion on oysters to changes in ecosystem services: a review. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 492: 49−62 Mackenzie CL, Ormondroyd GA, Curling SF, Ball RJ, Whitely NM, Malham SK (2014) Ocean warming, more than acidification, reduces shell strength in a commercial shellfish species during food limitation. PLOS ONE 9: e86764 McElhany P (2017) CO2 sensitivity experiments are not suf-ficient to show an effect of ocean acidification. 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J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 122: 19−33 Navarro JM, Torres R, Acuña K, Duarte C and others (2013) Impact of medium-term exposure to elevated pCO2 lev-els on the physiological energetics of the mussel Mytilus chilensis. Chemosphere 90: 1242−1248 Navarro JM, Duarte C, ManrĂ­quez PH, Lardies MA and oth-ers (2016) Ocean warming and elevated carbon dioxide: multiple stressor impacts on juvenile mussels from south-ern Chile. ICES J Mar Sci 73: 764−771 Nienhuis S, Palmer AR, Harley CD (2010) Elevated CO2 affects shell dissolution rate but not calcification rate in a marine snail. Proc R Soc B 277: 2553−2558 Orr JC, Fabry VJ, Aumont O, Bopp L and others (2005) Anthropogenic ocean acidification over the twenty-first century and its impact on calcifying organisms. Nature 437: 681−686 Osores SJ, Lagos NA, San Martin V, ManrĂ­quez PH and others (2017) Plasticity and inter-population variability in physiological and life-history traits of the mussel Mytilus chilensis: a reciprocal transplant experiment. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 490: 1−12 Palmer AR (1982) Growth in marine gastropods: a non-destructive technique for independently measuring shell and body weight. Malacologia 23: 63−73 Parker LM, Ross PM, O’Connor WA, Borysko L, Raftos DA, Pörtner HO (2012) Adult exposure influences offspring response to ocean acidification in oysters. Glob Change Biol 18: 82−92 Pierrot D, Lewis E, Wallace DWR (2006) MS Excel program developed for CO2 system calculations. ORNL/CDIAC-105a. Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, US Department of Energy, Oak Ridge, TN Ramajo L, Marba N, Prado L, Peron S and others (2016) Bio-mineralization changes with food supply confer juvenile scallops (Argopecten purpuratus) resistance to ocean acidification. Glob Change Biol 22: 2025−2037 Range P, ChĂ­charo MA, Ben-Hamadou R, PilĂł D and others (2014) Impacts of CO2-induced seawater acidification on coastal Mediterranean bivalves and interactions with other climatic stressors. Reg Environ Change 14(Suppl 1): 19−30 Sabine C, Feely RA, Gruber N, Key RM and others (2004) The oceanic sink of anthropogenic CO2. Science 305: 367–371 SERNAPESCA (Servicio Nacional de Pesca y Acuicultura) (2014) Anuarios estadĂ­sticos del Servicio Nacional de Pesca y Acuicultura. www.sernapesca.cl SolĂłrzano L (1969) Determination of ammonia in natural waters by the phenolhypochlorite method. Limnol Oce - anogr 14: 799−801 Thomsen J, Melzner F (2010) Moderate seawater acidifica-tion does not elicit long-term metabolic depression in the blue mussel Mytilus edulis. Mar Biol 157: 2667−2676 Thomsen J, Casties I, Pansch C, Körtzinger A, Melzner F (2013) Food availability outweighs ocean acidification effects in juvenile Mytilus edulis: laboratory and field experiments. Glob Change Biol 19: 1017−1027 Thomsen J, Stapp LS, Haynert K, Schade H, Danelli M, Lannig G, Melzner F (2017) Naturally acidified habitat selects for ocean acidification-tolerant mussels. Sci Adv 3: e1602411 Toro B, Navarro JM, Palma-Fleming H (2003) Relationship between bioenergetics responses and organic pollutants in the giant mussel, Choromytilus chorus (Mollusca: Mytilidae). Aquat Toxicol 63: 257−269 Torres R, Pantoja S, Harada N, GonzĂĄlez HE, Daneri G, Frangopulos M, Fukasawa M (2011) Air-sea CO2 fluxes along the coast of Chile: from CO2 outgassing in central northern upwelling waters to CO2 uptake in southern Patagonian fjords. J Geophys Res 116: C09006 Torres R, Manriquez PH, Duarte C, Navarro JM, Lagos NA, Vargas CA, Lardies MA (2013) Evaluation of a semi - automatic system for long-term seawater carbonate chemistry manipulation. Rev Chil Hist Nat 86: 443−451 Vargas CA, Aguilera V, MartĂ­n V, ManrĂ­quez P and others (2015) CO2-driven ocean acidification disrupts the filter feeding behavior in Chilean gastropod and bivalve spe-cies from different geographic localities. Estuaries Coasts 38: 1163−1177 Vargas CA, Lagos NA, Lardies MA, Duarte C and others (2017) Species-specific responses to ocean acidification should account for local adaptation and adaptive plasti-city. Nature Ecol Evol 1: 0084 Vargas CA, Cuevas LA, Silva N, Gonzalez HE, Pol-Holz D, Narvaez DA (2018) Influence of glacier melting and river discharges on the nutrient distribution and DIC recycling in the southern Chilean Patagonia. J Geophys Res Bio-geosci 123: 256−270 Velasco LA, Navarro JM (2003) Energetic balance of infau-nal (Mulinia edulis King, 1831) and epifaunal (Mytilus chilensis HupĂ©, 1854) bivalves in response to wide varia-tions in concentration and quality of seston. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 296: 79−92 Vihtakari M, Hendriks IE, Holding J, Renaud PE, Duarte CM, Havenhand JN (2013) Effects of ocean acidification and warming on sperm activity and early life stages of the Mediterranean mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis). Water 5: 1890−1915 Wang Y, Li L, Hu M, Lu W (2015) Physiological energetic of the thick shell mussel Mytilus coruscus exposed to sea-water acidification and thermal stress. Sci Total Environ 514: 261−272 White MM, McCorkle DC, Mullineaux LS, Cohen AL (2013)Benthic habitats such as intertidal areas, sandy or rocky shores, upwelling zones, and estuaries are characterized by variable environmental conditions. This high variability of environmental stressors such as temperature, salinity, and pH/pCO 2 levels have been shown to impose restrictions on organismal performance. The giant mussel Choromytilus chorus forms intertidal and subtidal mussel beds in estuarine zones associated with fjords occurring in southern Chile and is an important aquacultural resource in Patagonia. In this study, we estimated the sensitivity of physiological traits and energy balance of C. chorus juveniles exposed to 3 pCO 2 treatments (500, 750, and 1200 ÎŒatm) for 30 d. Results showed that in acidified, high pCO 2 conditions, C. chorus juveniles had increased metabolic rates; however, other physiological traits (clearance and ingestion rates, ammonia excretion, absorption efficiency, growth rate, biomass production, net calcification, and dissolution rates) were not affected. These results suggest that when subjected to acidification, the adaptive response of C. chorus triggers tradeoffs among physiological traits that favor sustained feeding and growth in order to combat increased metabolic stress. As has been reported for other marine organisms, chronic exposure to variable pH/pCO 2 in their native habitats, such as estuarine zones, could explain the differential acclimatization capacity of giant mussels to cope with the increase in pCO 2 . Additionally, the fact that the mussels did not suffer from mortality indicates that increased pCO 2 levels may have chronic, but not lethal, effects on this species under these experimental conditions. © The authors 2017.https://www.int-res.com/abstracts/aei/v10/p267-278

    Transport properties of copper phthalocyanine based organic electronic devices

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    Ambipolar charge carrier transport in Copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) is studied experimentally in field-effect transistors and metal-insulator-semiconductor diodes at various temperatures. The electronic structure and the transport properties of CuPc attached to leads are calculated using density functional theory and scattering theory at the non-equilibrium Green's function level. We discuss, in particular, the electronic structure of CuPc molecules attached to gold chains in different geometries to mimic the different experimental setups. The combined experimental and theoretical analysis explains the dependence of the mobilityand the transmission coefficient on the charge carrier type (electrons or holes) and on the contact geometry. We demonstrate the correspondence between our experimental results on thick films and our theoretical studies of single molecule contacts. Preliminary results for fluorinated CuPc are discussed.Comment: 18 pages, 16 figures; to be published in Eur. Phys. J. Special Topic

    The Earth: Plasma Sources, Losses, and Transport Processes

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    This paper reviews the state of knowledge concerning the source of magnetospheric plasma at Earth. Source of plasma, its acceleration and transport throughout the system, its consequences on system dynamics, and its loss are all discussed. Both observational and modeling advances since the last time this subject was covered in detail (Hultqvist et al., Magnetospheric Plasma Sources and Losses, 1999) are addressed

    Track reconstruction and matching between emulsion and silicon pixel detectors for the SHiP-charm experiment

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    In July 2018 an optimization run for the proposed charm cross section measurement for SHiP was performed at the CERN SPS. A heavy, moving target instrumented with nuclear emulsion films followed by a silicon pixel tracker was installed in front of the Goliath magnet at the H4 proton beam-line. Behind the magnet, scintillating-fibre, drift-tube and RPC detectors were placed. The purpose of this run was to validate the measurement's feasibility, to develop the required analysis tools and fine-tune the detector layout. In this paper, we present the track reconstruction in the pixel tracker and the track matching with the moving emulsion detector. The pixel detector performed as expected and it is shown that, after proper alignment, a vertex matching rate of 87% is achieved

    A Case of Smith-Lemli-Opitz Syndrome, Defect of Cholesterol Biosynthesis

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    Resynthesizing evolutionary and developmental biology.

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    Resynthesizing evolutionary and developmental biology
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