Efeito da restauração de manguezais sobre a comunidade bêntica macrofaunal

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Florianópolis, 2014.Ações de recuperação de manguezais comumente se baseiam no plantio de espécies nativas ou exóticas, sendo que estas ações raramente alcançam o objetivo esperado. Erradicar o agente estressor permite o desenvolvimento natural dos bosques e o consequente desenvolvimento da fauna associada. A macroinfauna de manguezais é adaptada às condições estressantes destes ecossistemas e sua relativa sedentariedade permite resultados mais claros acerca da restauração do ecossistema. O estudo objetivou avaliar tentativas de restauração de manguezais através das relações da infauna com as características físico-químicas do ambiente. Há 15 anos foram realizadas iniciativas de plantio isoladas e em pequena dimensão de bosques na Ilha de Santa Catarina, como medidas de compensação a danos ambientais causados por empreendimentos. Essas ações não consideraram ou tentaram remover a causa de perturbação dos bosques e não houve monitoramento da recuperação ambiental. Em três manguezais foram coletadas amostras de macrofauna, sedimento e estrutura da floresta em áreas plantadas e em áreas naturais não perturbadas. O padrão de distribuição das amostras das variáveis ambientais e da fauna diferiu entre locais e entre tratamentos. As variáveis tamanho do grão, elevação, teor de umidade e concentração de metais no sedimento formaram o conjunto que melhor explicou os padrões de distribuição de fauna observados. Os resultados demostraram que as alterações do hidroperíodo e a não remoção dos agentes estressores dos manguezais plantados impediu o estabelecimento da comunidade, mesmo com a constante recolonização de espécies vindas das áreas de entorno. A infauna não respondeu às características estruturais dos bosques, reforçando que o estágio de desenvolvimento e complexidade estrutural não foi alcançado conforme seria esperado para seu tempo de restauração.Abstract : Recovery attempts on mangroves usually are based on planting native or exotic species and these actions rarely attain the expected result. Eradicate the stressor allows the natural growth of the forest stands and consequent development of associated fauna. The macroinfauna of mangroves is adapted to the stressful conditions provided by these ecosystems and its low mobility leads to clearer results on ecosystem's restoration studies. This study aimed to evaluate the success of mangrove restoration attempts through macroinfaunal relations to physic-chemical characteristics of the environment. Fifteen years ago there were isolated and small scale planting initiatives in Santa Catarinas's Island's stands, as compensation measures to environmental damages caused by urban development. These actions have not considered or tried to remove the cause of disturbance of the stands and there was no monitoring of environmental restoration. Samples of fauna, sediment and forest structure were taken in planted and natural non-disturbed areas of three mangroves sites. The patterns of distribution of the environmental and faunal variables were different among treatments and sites. Sediment size, elevation, water content and metal concentration formed the set of variables that best explained the patterns of faunal distribution observed. Results showed that change in hidroperiod and non-removal of stressors in planted mangroves prevented the establishment of infauna community, even with the constant recolonization of species from the surrounding areas. The infauna did not respond to the forest structure characteristics either, reinforcing that the stage of development and structural complexity was not achieved as would be expected for their time of restoration

Variação Sazonal do Fitoplâncton e Parâmetros Ambientais no Canal do Rio Palmital, Baía da Babitonga, Sul do Brasil

Estudos de potencial produtivo, principais grupos de fitoplâncton, variações espaço-sazonais e fatores ambientais determinantes são essenciais na elaboração de estratégias de conservação de estuários. Este trabalho teve o objetivo de analisar a variação espaço-sazonal do fitoplâncton e sua interação com os parâmetros ambientais no canal do rio Palmital (baía da Babitonga - SC). Na área de canal do rio, foram realizadas 4 campanhas (maio, agosto, novembro de 2009; e fevereiro de 2010) em três pontos. Os estratos de superfície e de fundo foram analisados quanto à composição e abundância do fitoplâncton, nutrientes dissolvidos, temperatura, salinidade e transparência. O fitoplâncton teve como componentes dominantes as diatomáceas penadas e cêntricas, seguidas por dinoflagelados e cianofíceas. As espécies Skeletonema costatum e Odontella sinensis foram as mais abundantes, principalmente no verão. Outros gêneros numericamente importantes foram Coscinodiscus, Cyclotella, Thalassionema, Navicula, Pleurosigma, Actinoptychus e Diploneis. Grande quantidade de táxons bênticos registrados neste estudo deve-se à baixa profundidade associada à circulação local. No verão, ocorreu um “bloom” de S. costatum. Correlações significativas entre as variáveis ambientais e a abundância do fitoplâncton foram observadas neste trabalho pioneiro na área do rio Palmital, o que sugere mais estudos

Contemporary use of devices in chronic heart failure in the Netherlands

Aims: Despite previous surveys regarding device implantation rates in heart failure (HF), insight into the real-world management with devices is scarce. Therefore, we investigated device implantation rates in HF with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) in 34 Dutch centres. Methods and results: A cross-sectional outpatient registry was conducted in 6666 patients with LVEF < 50% and with information about device implantation available [74 (66–81) years of age; 64% male]. Patients were classified into conventional pacemakers (PM, n = 562), implantable cardioverter defibrillato

Nonatobase: A Database For Polychaeta (annelida) From The Southwestern Atlantic Ocean.

Networks can greatly advance data sharing attitudes by providing organized and useful data sets on marine biodiversity in a friendly and shared scientific environment. NONATObase, the interactive database on polychaetes presented herein, will provide new macroecological and taxonomic insights of the Southwestern Atlantic region. The database was developed by the NONATO network, a team of South American researchers, who integrated available information on polychaetes from between 5°N and 80°S in the Atlantic Ocean and near the Antarctic. The guiding principle of the database is to keep free and open access to data based on partnerships. Its architecture consists of a relational database integrated in the MySQL and PHP framework. Its web application allows access to the data from three different directions: species (qualitative data), abundance (quantitative data) and data set (reference data). The database has built-in functionality, such as the filter of data on user-defined taxonomic levels, characteristics of site, sample, sampler, and mesh size used. Considering that there are still many taxonomic issues related to poorly known regional fauna, a scientific committee was created to work out consistent solutions to current misidentifications and equivocal taxonomy status of some species. Expertise from this committee will be incorporated by NONATObase continually. The use of quantitative data was possible by standardization of a sample unit. All data, maps of distribution and references from a data set or a specified query can be visualized and exported to a commonly used data format in statistical analysis or reference manager software. The NONATO network has initialized with NONATObase, a valuable resource for marine ecologists and taxonomists. The database is expected to grow in functionality as it comes in useful, particularly regarding the challenges of dealing with molecular genetic data and tools to assess the effects of global environment change. Database URL: http://nonatobase.ufsc.br/.2014bau00

Metastasis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma to the Ovary: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) to the ovary is notably rare. We present a case of HCC metastasis to the ovary with a review of the literature, which includes only 7 reported cases. A 43-year-old hepatitis B virus carrier was admitted with a right ovarian cystic mass. She had been diagnosed with HCC 2 years prior, for which she underwent transarterial chemoembolization followed by right posterior sectionectomy. Eight months after the hepatectomy, the first intrahepatic recurrence was detected and treated with transarterial chemoembolization. An additional intrahepatic recurrence occurred 12 months after transarterial chemoembolization and was managed with left medial sectionectomy and intra-operative radiofrequency ablation. Over the following 3 months, the patient developed elevated alpha-fetoprotein, and positron emission tomography showed a cystic mass in the right side of the pelvic cavity with focal hypermetabolic activity, which suggested a site of recurrent HCC. An exploratory laparotomy was performed, and a soft, ovoid cystic mass was identified in the right ovary. There was no evidence of metastases in the liver, left ovary, or peritoneum. Because of the absence of tumor on the surface of the ovary and the lack of peritoneal seeding, the mode of metastasis was thought to be hematogenous. Therefore, a right salphingo-oophorectomy was performed. The pathological features showed metastatic HCC with clear resection margins. Although metastasis of HCC to the ovary is very rare, it should be suspected in a female patient with a lower abdominal mass and an elevated serum AFP level in the absence of other demonstrable metastases

DIS-EMBODIED LANGUAGE: L'ACQUISIZIONE LINGUISTICA IN ASSENZA DI RIFERIMENTI ORO-ARTICOLATORI. L'ELOQUIO DEL BAMBINO DISPRASSICO ITALIANO.

La tesi fornisce una prima classificazione sistematica dei fenomeni fonetico-fonologici che caratterizzano l'eloquio del bambino, di lingua italiana, affetto da disprassia verbale in età evolutiva. Presenta, inoltre, un'ipotesi di lettura della patologia dal punto da un punto di vista "embodied" ed ipotesi di ricerca attinenti

Influence of foreshore steepness on wave velocity and acceleration at the breakwater interface

This Masters Thesis is a pilot research project in order to investigate which parameters, other than the wave energy density spectrum, could play a role in breakwater damage on variable foreshore steepness. The research project is based up on laboratory research, were for equal wave spectra at the toe of a coastal structure significantly more damage (order of 30%) occurs to a steep foreshore in contrast to a mild slope. In order to investigate which parameters, other than the parameters included in the wave energy density spectrum could play a role in the increase in damage for a steep foreshore, an experiment was conducted. In the wave flume of the Fluid Mechanics Laboratory an experimental test set up was constructed. The test setup consisted of a breakwater build on variable foreshore steepnesses (1:30, 1:15 and 1:8). Tests were conducted with regular waves, were the wavelength and the wave steepness at the toe of the breakwater were kept constant per individual test. These tests were conducted for the three different foreshore steepnesses. Wave runs were completed for different wave heights and wave steepnesses. Each experiment was repeated in order to increase the accuracy. At the breakwater the wave velocity and acceleration was measured with zero buoyant particles. The particles were monitored with a video camera. From these video images the velocity and acceleration relative to the breakwater slope were calculated. In order to check the accuracy a reliability study of the experiment was performed. The faults in the experiment were estimated and assumed to be normal distributed. The reliability of the entire experiment was calculated for velocity and acceleration measurements. The velocities and accelerations for up-rush and down-rush were compared for equal wave conditions and different foreshore steepnesses. The experimental data shows that the velocities for up-rush and down-rush are higher for waves travelling over a steep foreshore (order of 10%). Also the obtained accelerations for both up-rush and down-rush are higher for waves travelling over a steep foreshore. When the wave force is calculated with a Morrison equation, the increase in force due to the increase in velocity for waves travelling over a steep foreshore is in the order of 20%. When considering that the acceleration is also larger in this case, this results an even larger total wave force. By linking the wave force to the level of damage, it can be explained that for equal wave spectra at the toe and for variable foreshore steepness the largest damage was measured for waves travelling over a steep foreshore.Civil Engineering and Geoscience