Finite element modeling and operational modal analysis of a historical masonry mosque

All rights reserved. Finite Element Modeling (FEM) and Operational Modal Analysis (OMA) is herein presented for the historical masonry Kütahya Kurşunlu Mosque within the framework of its seismic performance assessment. The historical structure is located in Turkey which has a high-level seismic activity. A FEM strategy was adopted to construct a numerical model of the structure considering a simplified three-dimensional geometry and a macro-modeling approach for the masonry. A representative numerical model of the existing structure was calibrated and improved according to the OMA results obtained from ambient vibration measurements, performed in-situ. The ambient vibration measurements were operated by using two triaxial accelerometers, that one of the accelerometers was regulated as a reference station whereas the other accelerometer was relocated to seven different points on the top of the walls. Identification of the experimental modal parameters was achieved by performing two different signal processing methodologies, namely the Enhanced Frequency Domain Decomposition (EFDD) and the Stochastic Subspace Identification - Unweighted Principal Components (SSI-UPC). Results obtained from both methods were compared in terms of the Modal Assurance Criterion (MAC) which considers the mode shapes derived in a specific range of frequency. The SSI-UPC method was employed in achieving the experimental modal response of the structure and the results were compared with the eigenvalue analysis results of the preliminary numerical model. A calibration process was carried out in terms of minimizing the difference between the experimental and numerical modal response by a trial and error approach and an average error of 4.9% was calculated for the modal frequencies of the first four global modes of vibration.- (undefined

Machine learning-based classification of asbestos-containing roofs using airborne RGB and thermal imagery

Detecting asbestos-containing roofs has been of great interest in the past few years as the substance negatively affects human health and the environment. Different remote sensing data have been successfully used for this purpose. However, RGB and thermal data have yet to be investigated. This study aims to investigate the classification of asbestos-containing roofs using RGB and airborne thermal data and state-of-the-art machine learning (ML) classification techniques. With the rapid development of ML reflected in this study, we evaluate three classifiers: Random Forest (RF), Support Vector Machine (SVM), and eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost). We have used several image enhancement techniques to produce additional bands to improve the classification results. For feature selection, we used the Boruta technique; based on the results, we have constructed four different variations of the dataset. The results showed that the most important features for asbestos-containing roof detection were the investigated spectral indices in this study. From a ML point of view, SVM outperformed RF and XGBoost in the dataset using only the spectral indices, with a balanced accuracy of 0.93. Our results showed that RGB bands could produce as accurate results as the multispectral and hyperspectral data with the addition of spectral indices

Serum Copeptin Levels in Adult Patients with a Migraine Attack: A Cross-Sectional Study

Aim:This study investigated the potential role of serum copeptin, a mediator of acute pain via sympathetic stress stimulation, as a biomarker of varying degrees of migraine-related disability. Specifically, we aimed to analyze whether the serum copeptin level can be used to differentiate migraine types (e.g., with and without aura).Methods:The study population included 80 consecutively consenting adult patients who had migraine attacks and attended the emergency department from June 2020 through November 2020, as well as 80 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Using the Migraine Disability Assessment Scale (MIDAS), the same medical professional assessed each patient’s level of headache-related disability. Based on their MIDAS scores, the patients were separated into four groups: no disability (score 0-5; group MIDAS-I); mild disability (score 6-10; group MIDAS-II); moderate impairment (score 11-20; group MIDAS-III); and severe disability (score >20; group MIDAS-IV). There were also two categories of migraineurs: those with auras and those without auras. Upon admission, comparisons were made between the groups’ serum copeptin values.Results:In comparison to the control group, the patient group’s serum copeptin levels were noticeably higher (2113.30±206.20 vs. 1383.40±488.40; p<0.001). The study of the receiving operator’s characteristics showed that the cut-off copeptin level was 1898.5 pg/mL, with 90% sensitivity and 82.4% specificity for distinguishing patients from controls. There were no noticeable differences in the mean serum copeptin levels between the patient groups when compared by MIDAS score. Additionally, patients with and without aura did not differ notably in terms of mean serum copeptin levels. (2118.70±211.60 vs. 2071.10±160.40).Conclusion:Serum copeptin levels may be used as a diagnostic aid to help anticipate migraine-related headache attacks when combined with clinical signs and symptoms

How accurate are our sphygmomanometers : a continuous assessment program

Amaç: Sfigmomanometre fizik muayenenin önemli bir parçasıdır ve kan basıncı kontrolünün temel taslarından birisidir. Sfigmomanometrelerin dogru ölçüm yapabilmesi için kalibrasyonlarının ve bakımlarının yapılması gerekmektedir. Bu çalısma, Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi'nde kullanımda olan sfigmomanometrelerin degerlendirmesini yapmak ve aletlerin düzenli aralıklarla kontrolünü saglayabilmek için bir program olusturabilmek mevcut sorunları saptamak amacıyla yapılmıstır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalısma kapsamına üniversitemiz hastanesinde kullanımda olan 64 adet sfigmomanometre alınmıstır. Sfigmomanometrelere fiziksel açıdan görsel degerlendirme ve standart civalı manometre ile dört degisik basınç düzeyinde olmak üzere islevsel degerlendirme yapılmıstır. Sonuç: Kontrol edilen 64 sfigmomanometreden 30 tanesi iki veya daha fazla test basıncı düzeyinde ± 3mmHg'dan daha fazla farklılık göstermesi nedeniyle kusurlu olarak kabul edilmistir. Ayrıca kontrol edilen sfigmomanometrelerde en sık rastlanılan görsel kusurlar gösterge ignesinin manometrede basınç yok iken 0 mmHg'yı göstermemesi, manson iç lastigi kusurları ve basınç kontrol valvine ait kusurlar olarak saptanmıstır. Tartısma: Üniversitemiz hastanesinde kullanılan sfigmomanometrelere ait düzenli bir bakım ve kontrol programı bulunmamaktadır. Hatalı kan basıncı ölçüm risklerini en aza indirmek için manometrelerin düzenli aralıklarla dogruluklarının kontrol edilmesi gerekmektedir. Bu amaçla sfigmomanometrelerin 6 ay aralıklarla kontrolünün yapılabilmesi için hazırlamıs oldugumuz form sunulmustur.Aim: The sphygmomanometer is an essential piece of diagnostic equipment and cornerstone of blood pressure management. Its accuracy depends on correct maintenance and calibration. This study was designed to control sphygmomanometers in use in Adnan Menderes University Medical Faculty. Researchers also aimed to establish a regular maintenance program for sphygmomanometers. Method: We compared the accuracy of 64 sphygmomanometers for physical defects and checked their accuracy againist a standard mecury manometer at four different pressure points.All devices were in current clinical use. Results: 30 of the 64 sphygmomanometers were determined to be intolerant (deviation from the mercury manometer by greater than ± 3mmHg at two or more of the test points). The most common physical defects were indicator needles not pointing to the “zero box”, defective bladder and defective pressure control valve. Conclusions: There was no regular preventive maintenance program in Adnan Menderes University Medical Faculty to minimize the risk of erroneous blood pressure recording, aneroid devices should be regulary checked for accuracy. Also, we present an evaluation form for calibration of sphygmomanometers in every 6 months

PlanetScope Imagery for Extracting Building Inventory Information

In order to prevent serious damages from a possible earthquake and to determine the possible losses, in settlements under earthquake risk, it is very important to extract building inventory information for further determination of the performance of existing buildings. As conventional methods, such as field investigations, can be time-consuming and costly on an urban scale, approaches that are able to speed up these processes and reduce the costs are required. Determining at least some of the data required to determine the seismic performance of an existing building using alternative methods instead of conventional methods will provide a significant advantage. The study aims to investigate the potential of PlanetScope satellite imagery for extracting building inventory information. Thus, the main objectives of the study are to extract buildings using deep learning methods and to determine the height and the construction period of the buildings. For this purpose, two 3 m PlanetScope satellite images were used over the study area located in Eskisehir, Turkey. Over 30 buildings were located in the study area. The results showed that with PlanetScope Imagery detached buildings can be detected with high accuracy using deep learning methods, their heights can be calculated and the construction period can be determined. For future studies, the obtained information is planned to further be processed in a geographical information system (GIS) for building inventory and to be used for seismic vulnerability assessment studies of existing buildings

İdare hukukunda tespit edici işlemler

İdarenin hukuk düzeninde sonuç doğuran irade açıklamaları, belirli durumlarda kişilere veya nesnelere ilişkin maddi olguları ya da hukuki durumları saptamaya yönelmektedir. Kamu gücü kullanılmak suretiyle tesis edilen idari işlemlerin hukuka uygunluk karinesinden yararlanmasına bağlı olarak, tespite yönelik irade açıklamalarına hukuk düzeninin bazı hukuki sonuçlar bağladığı ifade edilebilir. Özellikle tespit edici işlemlerin içerik olarak konu edindiği hususların o an için saptanmasıyla birlikte, söz konusu işlemlerin muhataplarının hukuki statülerinde bazı değişiklikler meydana gelebilmektedir. Bu bağlamda, içerik itibariyle bir maddi olguyu ya da hukuki durumu saptamaya yönelen tespit edici işlemlerin, idari usul kavramıyla bağlantılı olarak haiz olduğu bazı fonksiyonların bireylerin temel hak ve hürriyetleri bakımından önem arz ettiği söylenebilecektir. Bu doğrultuda, tespit edici işlemin yapılışı ve uygulanması bakımından bireyleri sürece dahil eden etkili usuli mekanizmaların ne şekilde işlerlik kazanacağının da açıklanması gerekmektedir. Bunun yanında, çeşitli konuları ihtiva edebilen tespit edici işlemlerin bir hazırlık işlemi olarak değerlendirilmesi söz konusu olabileceği gibi, kimi hallerde ayrı ve bağımsız bir idari işlem olarak kesin ve yürütülebilir özellikte bulunması ve idari davaya konu olabilmesi mümkün olabilmektedir. Buna karşın, bazı yargı kararlarında yer verilen, tespit edici işlemlerin sadece belirli bir olguyu saptadığı veya sabitlediği gerekçesiyle hukuki etki ve sonuç doğurmadığı yönündeki genelleme, bireylerin hak arama hürriyetlerini de zedeleyen yanlış bir çıkarıma neden olmaktadır. Bu nedenle, bu çalışmada tespit edici işlemlerin –kendi içinde farklı hukuki özellikler gösterebileceği göz önünde bulundurulmak suretiyle– pozitif hukukta ve yargı kararları ışığında ne şekilde ele alındığı irdelenerek sonuca ulaşılacaktır.--------------------The will statements of the administration, which have consequences in the legal order, tend to determine the material facts or legal status related to persons or objects in certain situations. It can be stated that the legal order binds some legal consequences to the declarations of will for the determination, depending on whether the administrative procedures established by using the public power benefit from the presumption of compliance with laws. In particular, with the determination of the issues that are considered as content in the declaratory acts for the moment, some changes may occur in the legal status of the addressees of these acts. Therefore, it can be said that some functions that are related to determining a material fact or legal status in terms of content are related to the fundamental rights and freedoms of individuals in connection with the concept of administrative procedure. Accordingly, it is necessary to explain how effective procedural mechanisms that involve individuals in the process of determining and implementing declaratory acts will become functional. Besides, it may be possible to evaluate declaratory acts that may contain various issues as a preparatory act, and in some cases, it may be possible to be subject to administrative suits as a separate and independent administrative act. On the other hand, the generalization that the declaratory acts included in some judicial decisions only determine or fix a certain phenomenon causes a false conclusion that also damages the freedom to claim rights. For this reason, in this study, the conclusion will be reached by examining how the declaratory acts are handled in positive law and the light of judicial decisions, considering that they can display different legal features within themselves

The process of urban transformation in the areas under disaster risk from the point of administrative law

251 page

Effectiveness of seismic repairing stages with CFRPs on the seismic performance of damaged RC frames

This study aims at evaluating the performance of repairing technique with CFRPs in recovering cyclic performance of damaged columns in flexure in terms of structural response parameters such as strength, dissipated energy, stiffness degradation. A 2/3 scaled substandard reinforced concrete frame was constructed to represent the substandard RC buildings especially in developing countries. These substandard buildings have several structural deficiencies such as strong beam-weak column phenomenon, improper reinforcement detailing and poor material properties. Flexural plastic hinges occurred at the columns ends after testing the substandard specimen under both constant axial load and reversed cyclic lateral loading. Afterwards, the damaged columns were externally wrapped with CFRP sheets both in transverse and longitudinal directions and then retested under the same loading protocol. In addition, ambient vibration measurements were taken from the undamaged, damaged and the repaired specimens at each structural repair steps to identify the effectiveness of each repairing step by monitoring the change in the natural frequencies of the tested specimen. The ambient vibration test results showed that the applied repairing technique with external CFRP wrapping was proved to recover stiffness of the pre-damaged specimen. Moreover, the lateral load capacity of the pre-damaged substandard RC frame was restored with externally bonded CFRP sheets

İdari Yargılama Hukuku Yönünden Özel Sigorta Sözleşmelerinde Sigortacının Sigortalıya Halefiyeti Meselesi

Sigorta sözleşmesine konu edilmiş bir zarar ortaya çıkması neticesinde, sigortacı kurduğu sözleşme uyarınca bu zararın gidermekle yükümlü olmaktadır. Halefiyet kavramına bağlı olarak sigorta şirketi, kendisinin tazminat ödemesine yol açan rizikonun gerçekleşmesinden sorumlu olan kişilere karşı olan talepler bakımından sigortalısının yerine geçmektedir. Bu anlamda zararın doğmasına neden olan davranış, idarenin bir işleminden, eyleminden yahut eylemsizliğinden ileri gelebilir. 1982 Anayasası’nın 125. maddesinde belirtildiği üzere, idarenin her türlü eylem ve işlemlerine karşı yargı yolunun açık olduğu ifade edilerek idarenin kendi eylem ve işlemlerinden doğan zararı ödemekle yükümlü olduğu hükme bağlanmıştır. Bu anlamda sigortacının halefiyet kurumu uyarınca ödediği tazminat nispetinde zarar görenin yerine geçmesine dayalı olarak idareye bir talepte bulunabilmesi söz konusu olabilecektir. Bu noktada özellikle, sorumluluğu bulunan idarelere bu bedelin rücu edilmesi bağlamında uygulamada ortaya çıkan uyuşmazlıkların çözümü bakımından yargı yolunun belirlenmesi önem arz etmektedir. Zira bazı yargı kararlarında idarenin tazmin sorumluluğu kapsamında uyuşmazlığın “alacak davası” olarak nitelendirilmesi görevli yargı yerinin belirlenmesinde isabetsiz çıkarımları da beraberinde getirmektedir. Bu nedenle söz konusu isabetsiz çıkarımların önüne geçilebilmesi ve konunun anlaşılabilmesi için, çalışmada öncelikle sigorta hukukunda halefiyet ilkesine ve idarenin sorumluluğu kavramlarına değinilecek; sonrasında ise, yargı kararları ışığında söz konusu uymazlıkların çözüm yerinin ve tabi olacağı esasların tespitinde hangi çıkarımlardan hareket edilmesi gerektiği irdelenecektir