Kebiasaan Makanan Beberapa Jenis Ikan di Ekosistem Mangrove Lubuk Kertang, Sumatera Utara

Mangrove ecosystems are very important for coastal waters, one of which is as a provider of food sources for biota in the surrounding waters. This study aims to determine the food habits of several types of fish found in the waters around the Lubuk Kertang mangrove ecosystem, Langkat, North Sumatra. The research location is a mangrove restoration area with the main species Rhizopora apiculata. The research was conducted in January 2021. The collection of fish samples was carried out using gill net with 1.5 inchi which is commonly used by fishermen. Sampling was carried out by spreading the net three times. The tested fish samples consisted of 46 individuals with 12 species, 9 families, and 6 orders. The highest number of fish caught was Clupeiformes with a percentage of 41.67%, while the order found with a low percentage was Beloniformes (2%). The families found in large numbers were Mugillidae, the families found in low numbers were Lutjanidae and Serranidae. The species caught the most is Chelon subviridis. Stomach contents analysis was performed with the Index of Preponderance (IP). Based on the type of food found in the stomach contents of the test fish, there were various types of food consisting of 11 types, namely phytoplankton, zooplankton, squid, fish (juvenile fish), crabs, shrimp, shellfish, litter, moss, pieces of insect bodies, and plant parts. The types of food that the plant fragments are found in are 9 fish species, phytoplankton (7 species), shrimp (7 species), and litter (5 species).  Ekosistem mangrove sangat penting bagi perairan salah satunya adalah sebagai penyedia sumber makanan biota pada perairan di sekitarnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kebiasaan makanan beberapa jenis ikan yang ditemukan di perairan sekitar ekosistem mangrove Lubuk Kertang, Langkat, Sumatera Utara. Lokasi penelitian merupakan merupakan wilayah restorasi mangrove dengan vegetasi utama Rhizopora apiculata. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Januari 2021. Pengumpulan sampel ikan dilakukan dengan menggunakan jaring gill net dengan ukuran 1.5 inchi yang biasa digunakan oleh nelayan. Sampling dilakukan dengan melakukan tiga kali tebar jaring. Sampel ikan uji terdiri dari 46 individu dengan 12 spesies, 9 famili, dan 6 ordo. Jumlah ikan terbanyak yang tertangkap adalah Clupeiformes dengan persentase sebesar 41.67%, sedangkan ordo yang ditemukan dengan persentase yang rendah adalah Beloniformes (2%). Famili yang ditemukan dalam jumlah besar adalah Mugillidae, famili yang ditemukan dengan jumlah rendah adalah Lutjanidae dan Serranidae. Spesies yang paling banyak tertangkap adalah jenis Chelon subviridis. Analisis isi perut dilakukan dengan Indeks of Preponderance (IP). Berdasarkan jenis makanan yang ditemukan pada isi perut ikan uji, terdapat berbagai jenis makanan yang terdiri dari 11 jenis yaitu fitoplankton, zooplankton, cumi-cumi, ikan (juvenil ikan), kepiting, udang, cangkang kerang, serasah, lumut, potongan tubuh serangga, dan potongan tubuh tumbuhan. Jenis makanan potongan tumbuhan terdapat pada 9 spesies ikan, fitoplankton (7 spesies), udang (7 spesies) dan serasah (5 spesies).

Resiliency of Singkil Coastal Vegetation due to Natural Catastrophes

Aceh Singkil west coast of Northern Sumatra was affected by natural catastrophes both tsunami and coastal deformation. Apparently most of the inter-tidal vegetation communities suffered because of the inundation intensity and duration changed. Investigation was carried on the structure and composition of littoral and mangrove forests in Singkil coast for 52 and 49 months after the 2004 and 2005 natural catastrophes, respectively. In each vegetation type, data were collected from four sampling plots, each measuring 30 m x 30 m. The sampling plots were separated into 10 m x 10 m sub-plots for matured trees and 5 m x 5 m sub-plots for smaller trees or shrubs. All plants within the subplots were identified and counted. Pure stand of littoral forests were dominated by Casuariana equisetifolia in the mature stage and Cerbera manghas in regeneration stages as natural regeneration. In the mangrove area, most of the mangrove trees such as Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, B. parviflora, and Rhizophora apiculata dead. Sonneratia caseolaris was higher survival rate compared than mangrove trees. B. gymnorrhiza seedlings were growing well. Mangrove palm Nypa fruticans populations were recorded growing well and with a good resiliency and persistence. In fact some of coastal vegetations both in coastal dry lands and in wetland forests have a good capacity to naturally restore and grow after the environmental destruction. From ecological point of view, these plant species should be selected for rehabilitation program in the natural catastrophes both tsunami and coastal subsidence as the impact of large earthquake could be reduced

Nest Characteristics of the Introduced Orangutan at Jantho Orangutan Reintroduction Station, Aceh Besar

Sumatran orangutans (Pongo abelii) learned the process of building nests from their mothers and started building nests around the age of 0.5 years. Orangutan nests have the most intricate arrangement of other primate nests. Orangutans built the nest as a place to rest, play, and protect themselves from predators and insect bites such as mosquitoes. Orangutan nests have different locations tailored to the needs and context of the nest trees. The shape of the nest and the position of the nest usually have differences due to differences in sex, age level, and body weight. The research had conducted at the Jantho Orangutan Reintroduction (JOR) Station, Aceh Besar Regency, Aceh Province. It had carried out from January to August 2021. The research method used is purposive sampling. The selected transects are existing (permanent) with FB, RI, and IS coding, which is part of mammalian transects scattered in the Jantho Pine Forest Nature Reserve. Observations were carried out as many as two repetitions in different months. The results showed several classes and nest positions found at the JOR Station. The nest classes found were 1, 2, and 3, while the others were not found. Nests in position 2 were the most founded at the study site, and position 5 was not found. It indicates no orangutan at the study site liked to play on the ground. This study gets four nest shapes, namely single round, flat oval, tiered, and irregularly widene

IMPLEMENTATION OF MULTI-SYSTEM SILVICULTURE (MSS) TO IMPROVE PERFORMANCE OF PRODUCTION FOREST MANAGEMENT: A CASE STUDY OF PT. SARPATIM, CENTRAL KALIMANTAN

To date, performance of  the management of  Indonesian production forests are discouraging. The concession areas, timber production and employment have been decreasing over time. concern on these matter and to improve management, a research was conducted for six years (2008-2013) and resulted in recommendations to implement the Multi-System of Silviculture (MSS) systems. Two products were generated in MSS; criteria and indicator to guide the selection of  appropriate silvicultural system and supersilvik, a model to develop the best business plans. This paper evaluates  and strengthens the recommendations through the simulation of  MSS products in PT. Sarmiento Parakantja Timber (Sarpatim), Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. Various data variables were used, such as thematic maps of  forest areas, data of  stand, materials, equipments, labors, finances and incomes. Data were processed in a variety of  formulations which were connected to each other in model systems to produce a variety of  outcomes, such as production, finance, employment and tax contributions. Results offer four options to improve PT. Sarpatim performance, one of  which is the best choice. Compared to the former business model under limited silvicultural systems, MSS  projected an increase in the use of  land, timber production and employment by 151-753%. Implementing MSS will provide a better and healthier finance for company with an increase of  NPV up to 193%; as well as for government tax revenues with an increase up to 308%. This MSS case study strongly suggests using the new theory that the management of  production forests is a land and plant-based enterprises, which should put the land as the major capital and silvicultural aspects as the driving engine for production. The policy makers should be able to use these results as a reference in implementing MSS widely as part of  Sustainable Forest Management (SFM) practices

Mitigation of Food Crisis and Increasing Productivity of Rice Fields for Communities Around the Taman Asoka Asri Housing Amid the Covid-19 Pandemic

Currently, the global economy is shaken by the Covid-19 pandemic. Based on the results of the preliminary study at the partner's location, it has economic limitations, including the availability of food supply which has an impact on non-productive communities, including farmers and tenant farmers around Taman Asoka Asri Housing, Tanjung Selamet, Medan Tuntungan, Medan, North Sumatra. All activities that will be carried out by the USU PPM proposing team will of course follow and pay attention to the Covid-19 prevention protocol. The implementation of this community service is carried out in the vicinity of the Taman Asoka Asri Housing, so the activity plan that will be carried out is the use of rice fields for farmers and cultivators in the environment around the Taman Asoka Asri Housing. The area of ​​paddy rice fields managed by smallholders around the Taman Asoka Asri Complex, Tanjung Selamet, Medan Tuntung, Medan an average of 2,725 m2 (0.2725 ha). Rice field management areas that have been successfully managed by partners have become productive areas that can increase income and profits for smallholders

The Diversity Species of Medicinal Plants in The Martelu Purba Nature Reserve, North Sumatra

Indonesia was known as a country that has high biodiversity, some of them are various types of medicinal plants. Since the first, Indonesian people have used medicinal plants in traditional medicine. This research was conducted in the Martelu Purba Nature Reserve (MPNR), Purba District, Simalungun Regency, North Sumatra. MPNR is a nature reserve consisting of high biodiversity, some of them are medicinal plants. However, the information on medicinal plants in this area is rarely documented even though they have a meaningful contribution as traditional medical treatments for indigenous communities. This study aims to identify all plant species found in the MPNR. This method of research was carried out by exploring key informants, namely the manager of the nature reserve and the local community. Determination of the number of respondents is done by the snowball sampling method. The results showed that there were 44 species of medicinal plants found in the MPNR consisting of 33 families, where the most families were from the Arecaceae family, which was 17.24%. Based on habitus, medicinal plants found in  MPNR consist of 20 tree species (45.45%), 13 herb species (29.54%), 5 palm species (11.36%), 4 shrub species (9.09 %), and 2 species from epiphytes (4,54%). Based on the intended use of medicinal plants used as fever, cough, diarrhea, diabetes, wounds, asthma, malaria, and others. Based on the part of the plant that has been used, 19 species from leaves (42.22%), 7 species from fruit/seed (15.90%), 6 species from all plant parts (13.63%), 5 species from bark (11.36%), 2 species from roots (4.54%), 1 species from resin (9.09%), 1 species from the flower (9.09%), 1 species from bark and seeds (9.09%), 1 species from wood (9 .09%), and 1 species from bark and leaves (9.09%). Medicinal plant species found in the MPNR must be conserved to maintain their sustainability and can be used sustainably

komposisi jenis dan struktur hutan hujan tropika dataran rendah di taman nasional danau sentarum, kalimantan barat

The objective of this research was to obtain information on species composition and structure of lowland tropical rain forest in Sentarum lake National Park, West Kalimantan. The research was carried out from 26 to 31 December 2003 and from 20 January to 5 February 2004 on the foot slope of Semujan Hill in Sentarum lake National Park. To carry out the research, 10 sample units {SU'S) with size of 10 m x 10 m each, were placed, based on systematic sampling with random start scheme, with distance of 10 m between each SU. On each SU, trees with diameter~ 2 em were identified and diameter {DBH) and height were recorded. Eighty four {84) tree species were found in a 0.1 ha SU, consisting of 32 families, dominated by 16 species of Dipterocarpaceae, followed by 9 species of Guttiferae and 5 species of Melastomataceae. Tree density decreased exponentially with increasing the diameter of trees

komposisi jenis dan struktur hutan hujan tropika dataran rendah di taman nasional danau sentarum, kalimantan barat

The objective of this research was to obtain information on species composition and structure of lowland tropical rain forest in Sentarum lake National Park, West Kalimantan. The research was carried out from 26 to 31 December 2003 and from 20 January to 5 February 2004 on the foot slope of Semujan Hill in Sentarum lake National Park. To carry out the research, 10 sample units {SU'S) with size of 10 m x 10 m each, were placed, based on systematic sampling with random start scheme, with distance of 10 m between each SU. On each SU, trees with diameter~ 2 em were identified and diameter {DBH) and height were recorded. Eighty four {84) tree species were found in a 0.1 ha SU, consisting of 32 families, dominated by 16 species of Dipterocarpaceae, followed by 9 species of Guttiferae and 5 species of Melastomataceae. Tree density decreased exponentially with increasing the diameter of trees