Sanitation installation and gas installation in residential building

Diplomová práce se zabývá zdravotně technickými a plynovodními instalacemi v bytovém domě se zdravotnickým zařízením . Teoretická část je zaměřena na téma předstěnové instalační systémy, ve které se řeší vhodnost využití těchto systému v řešeném projektu a výhody a nevýhody těchto systémů. Výpočtová a projektová část řeší rozvody kanalizace, vodovodu a plynu v zadaném objektu. Řešený objekt je nepodsklepený a osmipodlažní. V prvním patře je umístěno technické zázemí celého objektu a tři bytové jednotky. Ve všech dalších podlažích jsou na každém patře umístěny čtyři bytové jednotky. Diplomová práce je provedena na základě současných českých a evropských předpisů.The thesis deals with sanitary engineering and gas installation in an apartment building with a healthcare facility. The theoretical part is focused on the installation systems, which are addressed to the suitability of the system in the given project, and the advantages and disadvantages of these systems. Computational and project part addresses the sewer, water mains and gas in the specified object. Designed building is without a basement and eight storeys. On the first floor is located technical facilities around the building and three residential units. All other floors are located on each floor of four residential units. This thesis is done on the basis of current Czech and European regulations.

Struktura a funkce C-lektinových receptorů NK buněk studovaná pomocí rekombinantní exprese a proteinové krystalografie

Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague 2010 Structure and function of C-type lectin NK cell receptors studied by recombinant expression and protein crystallography Abstract of Ph.D. thesis Ondřej Vaněk Supervisor: Prof. RNDr. Karel Bezouška, DSc. Natural killer cells (NK cells) were found out for their ability to spontaneously kill certain allogeneic tumour cell lines, without any previous sensitization. NK cells are part of non- adaptive immune response with very short reaction time against pathogens such as viruses, intracellular bacteria, parasites, and they are responsible for elimination of certain tumour cells and thus they are able to fight against malignancy and formation of metastasis. Activity of NK cells is regulated by the balance between activation and inhibitory signals mediated by the NK cell surface receptors. From the structural point of view, the majority of NK cell surface receptors could be classified as the C-type lectin or immunoglobulin-like receptors. One of many C-type lectin subgroups are type II lymphocyte receptors that are expressed on the NK cell surface. This study had two main aims. The first one was to find suitable expression and purification systems for selected C-type lectin receptors of NK cells and the other one was to perform their...Katedra biochemie, Přírodovědecká fakulta, Univerzita Karlova v Praze 2010 Struktura a funkce C-lektinových receptorů NK buněk studovaná pomocí rekombinantní exprese a proteinové krystalografie Abstrakt dizertační práce Ondřej Vaněk Školitel: Prof. RNDr. Karel Bezouška, DSc. NK buňky (přirození zabíječi) byly popsány pro jejich schopnost spontánně zabíjet určité allogenní nádorové linie, a to bez jakékoliv předchozí senzitizace. NK buňky jsou součástí neadaptivní imunitní odpovědi s velmi krátkou reakční dobou vůči patogenům, jakými jsou například viry, intracelulární bakterie a parazité. Jsou také zodpovědné za eliminaci některých rakovinných buněk a mohou tak bránit rozvoji nádorové transformace a bojovat proti rozšiřování metastáz. Aktivita NK buněk je regulována pomocí rovnováhy mezi aktivačními a inhibičními signály zprostředkovanými povrchovými receptory NK buněk. Ze strukturního hlediska může být většina NK buněčných povrchových receptorů klasifikována jako C- lektinové nebo imunoglobulinové receptory. Jednou z mnoha podskupin C-lektinů jsou i lymfocytární receptory II. typu, které jsou exprimovány na NK buňkách. Předkládaná práce měla dva hlavní cíle. Prvním bylo nalezení vhodných expresních a purifikačních systémů pro vybrané C-lektinové receptory NK buněk a druhým pak provést jejich biochemickou a...Department of BiochemistryKatedra biochemieFaculty of SciencePřírodovědecká fakult

Security System with Bragg’s Gratings Installed in the Floor

Import 03/11/2016Tato bakalářská práce je zaměřená na zabezpečovacím systému s Braggovskými mřížkami instalovanými do podlahy. Cílem bylo navrhnout a ověřit vhodné uložení mřížky do podlahy pro snímání působícího tlaku. V teoretické části je popsána historie a vlastnosti Braggovských mřížek, dále jejich typy a výroba. Další část popisuje vhodné uložení Braggovských mřížek do podlahy pomoci mnou vytvořené a pojmenované V-držky, spolu se schématem zapojení a popisem použitých zařízení. Praktická část je věnována velkému počtu měření, kterými ověřuji funkčnost a vhodnost uložení Braggovské mřížky do podlahy. V závěrečné části je celkové vyhodnocení měření, vybrání vhodných a nevhodných typu uložení Braggovských mřížek do podlahy a závěrečné zhodnocení.This bachelor thesis is focused on security systém made of Braggs Gratings which are installed to the floor. The main goal was design and ensure the proper placing of grating in to the floor, their function is scannig pressure. In the theoretical part of this thesis is described history, main properties of the Braggs Gratings, types of Braggs Gratings and how are Braggs Gratings made. The next part describing the proper placing of Braggs Gratings to the floor, by V-holder which i was made. The part of this thesis contains schema of connection Braggs Gratings. The practical part contains high amount of measuring, which i must do to ensure function of Braggs Gratings placing. At the end of this thesis i wrote results of measuring and the result of choice types of placing Braggs Gratings to the floor.440 - Katedra telekomunikační technikyvýborn

Struktura a funkce C-lektinových receptorů NK buněk studovaná pomocí rekombinantní exprese a proteinové krystalografie

Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague 2010 Structure and function of C-type lectin NK cell receptors studied by recombinant expression and protein crystallography Abstract of Ph.D. thesis Ondřej Vaněk Supervisor: Prof. RNDr. Karel Bezouška, DSc. Natural killer cells (NK cells) were found out for their ability to spontaneously kill certain allogeneic tumour cell lines, without any previous sensitization. NK cells are part of non- adaptive immune response with very short reaction time against pathogens such as viruses, intracellular bacteria, parasites, and they are responsible for elimination of certain tumour cells and thus they are able to fight against malignancy and formation of metastasis. Activity of NK cells is regulated by the balance between activation and inhibitory signals mediated by the NK cell surface receptors. From the structural point of view, the majority of NK cell surface receptors could be classified as the C-type lectin or immunoglobulin-like receptors. One of many C-type lectin subgroups are type II lymphocyte receptors that are expressed on the NK cell surface. This study had two main aims. The first one was to find suitable expression and purification systems for selected C-type lectin receptors of NK cells and the other one was to perform their...Katedra biochemie, Přírodovědecká fakulta, Univerzita Karlova v Praze 2010 Struktura a funkce C-lektinových receptorů NK buněk studovaná pomocí rekombinantní exprese a proteinové krystalografie Abstrakt dizertační práce Ondřej Vaněk Školitel: Prof. RNDr. Karel Bezouška, DSc. NK buňky (přirození zabíječi) byly popsány pro jejich schopnost spontánně zabíjet určité allogenní nádorové linie, a to bez jakékoliv předchozí senzitizace. NK buňky jsou součástí neadaptivní imunitní odpovědi s velmi krátkou reakční dobou vůči patogenům, jakými jsou například viry, intracelulární bakterie a parazité. Jsou také zodpovědné za eliminaci některých rakovinných buněk a mohou tak bránit rozvoji nádorové transformace a bojovat proti rozšiřování metastáz. Aktivita NK buněk je regulována pomocí rovnováhy mezi aktivačními a inhibičními signály zprostředkovanými povrchovými receptory NK buněk. Ze strukturního hlediska může být většina NK buněčných povrchových receptorů klasifikována jako C- lektinové nebo imunoglobulinové receptory. Jednou z mnoha podskupin C-lektinů jsou i lymfocytární receptory II. typu, které jsou exprimovány na NK buňkách. Předkládaná práce měla dva hlavní cíle. Prvním bylo nalezení vhodných expresních a purifikačních systémů pro vybrané C-lektinové receptory NK buněk a druhým pak provést jejich biochemickou a...Department of BiochemistryKatedra biochemieFaculty of SciencePřírodovědecká fakult

Heterologous expression, purification and characterization of nitrilase from Aspergillus niger K10

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Nitrilases attract increasing attention due to their utility in the mild hydrolysis of nitriles. According to activity and gene screening, filamentous fungi are a rich source of nitrilases distinct in evolution from their widely examined bacterial counterparts. However, fungal nitrilases have been less explored than the bacterial ones. Nitrilases are typically heterogeneous in their quaternary structures, forming short spirals and extended filaments, these features making their structural studies difficult.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>A nitrilase gene was amplified by PCR from the cDNA library of <it>Aspergillus niger </it>K10. The PCR product was ligated into expression vectors pET-30(+) and pRSET B to construct plasmids pOK101 and pOK102, respectively. The recombinant nitrilase (Nit-ANigRec) expressed in <it>Escherichia coli </it>BL21-Gold(DE3)(pOK101/pTf16) was purified with an about 2-fold increase in specific activity and 35% yield. The apparent subunit size was 42.7 kDa, which is approx. 4 kDa higher than that of the enzyme isolated from the native organism (Nit-ANigWT), indicating post-translational cleavage in the enzyme's native environment. Mass spectrometry analysis showed that a C-terminal peptide (Val₃₂₇- Asn₃₅₆) was present in Nit-ANigRec but missing in Nit-ANigWT and Asp₂₉₈-Val₃₁₃peptide was shortened to Asp₂₉₈-Arg₃₁₀in Nit-ANigWT. The latter enzyme was thus truncated by 46 amino acids. Enzymes Nit-ANigRec and Nit-ANigWT differed in substrate specificity, acid/amide ratio, reaction optima and stability. Refolded recombinant enzyme stored for one month at 4°C was fractionated by gel filtration, and fractions were examined by electron microscopy. The late fractions were further analyzed by analytical centrifugation and dynamic light scattering, and shown to consist of a rather homogeneous protein species composed of 12-16 subunits. This hypothesis was consistent with electron microscopy and our modelling of the multimeric nitrilase, which supports an arrangement of dimers into helical segments as a plausible structural solution.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The nitrilase from <it>Aspergillus niger </it>K10 is highly homologous (≥86%) with proteins deduced from gene sequencing in <it>Aspergillus </it>and <it>Penicillium </it>genera. As the first of these proteins, it was shown to exhibit nitrilase activity towards organic nitriles. The comparison of the Nit-ANigRec and Nit-ANigWT suggested that the catalytic properties of nitrilases may be changed due to missing posttranslational cleavage of the former enzyme. Nit-ANigRec exhibits a lower tendency to form filaments and, moreover, the sample homogeneity can be further improved by <it>in vitro </it>protein refolding. The homogeneous protein species consisting of short spirals is expected to be more suitable for structural studies.</p

Field study of the improved rapid sand fly exposure test in areas endemic for canine leishmaniasis

BACKGROUND: Canine leishmaniasis (CanL) is a severe chronic disease caused by Leishmania infantum and transmitted by sand flies of which the main vector in the Western part of the Mediterranean basin is Phlebotomus perniciosus. Previously, an immunochromatographic test (ICT) was proposed to allow rapid evaluation of dog exposure to P. perniciosus. In the present study, we optimized the prototype and evaluated the detection accuracy of the ICT in field conditions. Possible cross-reactions with other hematophagous arthropods were also assessed. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: The ICT was optimized by expressing the rSP03B protein in a HEK293 cell line, which delivered an increased specificity (94.92%). The ICT showed an excellent reproducibility and inter-person reliability, and was optimized for use with whole canine blood which rendered an excellent degree of agreement with the use of serum. Field detectability of the ICT was assessed by screening 186 dogs from different CanL endemic areas with both the SGH-ELISA and the ICT, and 154 longitudinally sampled dogs only with the ICT. The ICT results corresponded to the SGH-ELISA for most areas, depending on the statistical measure used. Furthermore, the ICT was able to show a clear seasonal fluctuation in the proportion of bitten dogs. Finally, we excluded cross-reactions between non-vector species and confirmed favorable cross-reactions with other L. infantum vectors belonging to the subgenus Larroussius. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: We have successfully optimized the ICT, now also suitable to be used with whole canine blood. The test is able to reflect the seasonal fluctuation in dog exposure and showed a good detectability in a field population of naturally exposed dogs, particularly in areas with a high seroprevalence of bitten dogs. Furthermore, our study showed the existence of favorable cross-reactions with other sand fly vectors thereby expanding its use in the field

Thallium and lead variations in a contaminated peatland : a combined isotopic study from a mining/smelting area

Vertical profiles of Tl, Pb and Zn concentrations and Tl and Pb isotopic ratios in a contaminated peatland/fen (Wolbrom, Poland) were studied to address questions regarding (i) potential long-term immobility of Tl in a peat profile, and (ii) a possible link in Tl isotopic signatures between a Tl source and a peat sample. Both prerequisites are required for using peatlands as archives of atmospheric Tl deposition and Tl isotopic ratios as a source proxy. We demonstrate that Tl is an immobile element in peat with a conservative pattern synonymous to that of Pb, and in contrast to Zn. However, the peat Tl record was more affected by geogenic source(s), as inferred from the calculated element enrichments. The finding further implies that Tl was largely absent from the pre-industrial emissions (>~250 years BP). The measured variations in Tl isotopic ratios in respective peat samples suggest a consistency with anthropogenic Tl (ε205Tl between ~ -3 and 4), as well as with background Tl isotopic values in the study area (ε205Tl between ~0 and 1), in line with detected 206Pb/207Pb ratios (1.16–1.19). Therefore, we propose that peatlands can be used for monitoring trends in Tl deposition and that Tl isotopic ratios can serve to distinguish source origin(s). However, given that the studied fen has a particularly complicated geochemistry (attributed to significant environmental changes in its history), it seems that ombrotrophic peatland(s) could be better suited for this type of Tl research

Recent advances on smart glycoconjugate vaccines in infections and cancer

Vaccination is one of the greatest achievements in biomedical research preventing death and morbidity in many infectious diseases through the induction of pathogen-specific humoral and cellular immune responses. Currently, no effective vaccines are available for pathogens with a highly variable antigenic load, such as the human immunodeficiency virus or to induce cellular T-cell immunity in the fight against cancer. The recent SARS-CoV-2 outbreak has reinforced the relevance of designing smart therapeutic vaccine modalities to ensure public health. Indeed, academic and private companies have ongoing joint efforts to develop novel vaccine prototypes for this virus. Many pathogens are covered by a dense glycan-coat, which form an attractive target for vaccine development. Moreover, many tumor types are characterized by altered glycosylation profiles that are known as “tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens”. Unfortunately, glycans do not provoke a vigorous immune response and generally serve as T-cell-independent antigens, not eliciting protective immunoglobulin G responses nor inducing immunological memory. A close and continuous crosstalk between glycochemists and glycoimmunologists is essential for the successful development of efficient immune modulators. It is clear that this is a key point for the discovery of novel approaches, which could significantly improve our understanding of the immune system. In this review, we discuss the latest advancements in development of vaccines against glycan epitopes to gain selective immune responses and to provide an overview on the role of different immunogenic constructs in improving glycovaccine efficacy