14 research outputs found
Ăvaluer la rĂ©flexivitĂ© Ă travers les traces Ă©crites dâapprentissage des Ă©tudiants en santĂ©â: traduction et adaptation interculturelle de la grille REFLECT
Contexteâ: La rĂ©flexivitĂ© est considĂ©rĂ©e par de nombreux auteurs comme une composante essentielle du professionnalisme, tout en Ă©tant au cĆur du dĂ©veloppement de ce dernier et de lâidentitĂ© professionnelle. Le portfolio, outil de soutien de lâapprentissage et dâĂ©valuation en mĂ©decine gĂ©nĂ©rale, comporte des traces Ă©crites dâapprentissage Ă visĂ©e rĂ©flexive. Il nâexiste pas dâoutil validĂ© en langue française permettant dâĂ©valuer la rĂ©flexivitĂ© au travers des traces Ă©crites dâapprentissage. Butâ: Lâobjectif de cette Ă©tude est donc dâadapter la grille REFLECT, validĂ©e en anglais, pour un usage en langue française. MĂ©thodeâ: Un processus de double traduction puis double rĂ©tro-traduction a Ă©tĂ© menĂ© afin de garantir une adaptation interculturelle respectant le sens de la version originale. Des tests pilotes ont Ă©tĂ© menĂ©s sur la version française prĂ©liminaire avec Ă©valuation de la validitĂ© de contenu. RĂ©sultatsâ: LâĂ©valuation de la clartĂ© de la version française a conduit Ă une version finale comportant 5 critĂšres ayant chacun 4 niveaux dâĂ©valuation possibles. La version française de la grille REFLECT prĂ©sente une validitĂ© de contenu Ă©levĂ©e. Conclusionâ: Lâutilisation de la grille REFLECT en français permettra vraisemblablement dâoptimiser le dĂ©veloppement de la rĂ©flexivitĂ© chez les internes en mĂ©decine gĂ©nĂ©rale et de faciliter la rĂ©troaction par les superviseurs
Sexual risk behaviour reduction interventions in primary care in Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development countries. A systematic review
BACKGROUND: Sexually transmitted infections are a major public health issue, both in France and worldwide. Primary healthcare professionals play a key role in sexual health and prevention, but few take on this subject. Prevention strategies are diverse, thus risk reduction strategies focussing on behavioural changes are still needed. PURPOSE: We conducted a systematic review to analyse risk reduction interventions focussing on behavioural change in OECD countries in primary healthcare settings to help develop a prevention tool easy to apply in primary care. METHODS: We searched for English- or French-language controlled trials in PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, PsycINFO, PsycArticle, PBSC, SocINDEX, Google Scholar, and CAIRN, supplemented with the bibliographies of previous systematic reviews. Thirty controlled, randomized, or nonrandomized trials were included in the systematic review. We did not conduct any meta-analysis due to the diversity of populations, outcomes and study designs. RESULTS: There are efficient interventions in primary healthcare settings for reducing sexual risk behaviours and/or incident STI. Their efficiency seems to grow with the length and intensity of the intervention. Most interventions target only young, high-risk patients, and their long-term impact is uncertain. Most included studies had an overall risk of bias estimated as high or with some concerns. CONCLUSIONS: Some tools could be used in primary care, with possible efficiency though results are difficult to generalize, and value should be assessed in daily practice. Future research should also focus on older population given the epidemiological evolutions, but also lower-risk population to target all patients seen in primary care settings
Statins for primary prevention in multimorbid patients: to prescribe or not to prescribe? A qualitative analysis of general practitionersâ decision-making processes
Introduction: A better understanding of the determinants involved in general practitioners' (GPs) decision-making processes when it comes to prescribing statins as primary prevention in patients with multimorbidity could provide insights for improving implementation of primary prevention guidelines.
Methods: We conducted a qualitative study using a deductive framework-based and inductive analysis of GPs' semi-structured interviews verbatim, from which expertise profiles of prescribers were also drawn. The analytical framework was built from a pragmatic synthesis of the evidence-based medicine, Modelling using Typified Objects (MOT) model of clinical reasoning processes, Theoretical Domains Framework, and shared decision-making frameworks.
Results: Fifteen GPs were interviewed between June 2019 and January 2020. Diabetes seemed to represent a specific motivation for deciding about statin prescription for primary prevention purposes; and in situations of multimorbidity, GPs differentiated between cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular multimorbidity. Expert prescribers seemed to have integrated the utilisation of cardiovascular risk calculation scores throughout their practice, whereas non-expert prescribers considered them difficult to interpret and preferred using more of a "rule of thumb" process. One interviewee used the risk calculation score as a support for discussing statin prescription with the patient.
Conclusion: Our results shed light on the reasons why statins remain under-prescribed for primary prevention and why non-diabetic multimorbid patients have even lower odds of being prescribed a statin. They call for a change in the use of risk assessment scores, by placing them as decision aids, to support and improve personalised shared decision-making discussions as an efficient approach to improve the implementation of recommendations about statins for primary prevention.</p
Multimorbidity and statin prescription for primary prevention of cardiovascular diseases: A cross-sectional study in general practice in France
Background: Statins are a first line, evidence-based yet underprescribed treatment for cardiovascular primary prevention. In primary care settings, multimorbidity is a complex situation which makes it difficult to apply prevention guidelines.
Aim: To assess the associations between multimorbidity and prescription of statins in accordance with the 2016 ESC recommendations (âappropriate prescriptionâ), and to identify the factors and conditions associated with these prescriptions.
Design and setting: Cross-sectional prospective study in the French region of RhĂŽne-Alpes among 40 general practitioners and their patients.
Methods: We examined the association between appropriate statin prescription and several patient characteristics, including multimorbidity, using multivariate logistic regression models.
Results: Between August 2017 and February 2019, 327 patients were included in the study. Seventy-four (22.6%) were on statin medication and 199 (60.9%) exhibited multimorbidity, defined as â„2 diseases. Only 22.5% of eligible patients were prescribed statins for primary prevention. Diabetes was most strongly associated with appropriate statin prescription (aOR 8.10, CI 95: 3.81â17.80). Multimorbidity was not associated with appropriate statin prescription (aOR 1.31, CI 95: 0.54â3.26), except in the presence of diabetes which defined diabetic multimorbidity (aOR 10.46, CI 95: 4.87â23.35). Conversely, non-diabetic multimorbidity was associated with lower odds of being appropriately prescribed a statin (aOR 0.26, CI 95: 0.12â0.56).
Conclusion: Multimorbidity, in itself, does not seem to be a determinant factor for appropriate statin prescription. The latter appears to be determined by a patientâs type of multimorbidity, especially the presence or not of diabetes. Differentiating between diabetic and non-diabetic multimorbidity may be a pragmatic way for GPs to improve primary prevention in a patient-centered and shared decision-making approach.</p
Implementing an outpatient clinical trial on COVID-19 treatment in an emergency epidemic context: a mixed methods study among operational and research stakeholders within the Coverage trial, Bordeaux (France)
Abstract Background The emergency set-up and implementation of outpatient clinical trials on epidemic emerging infectious diseases such as COVID-19 raise many issues in terms of research structuration, regulations, and health systems organization. We aimed to describe the experience and points of view of different stakeholders involved in a French home-based outpatient trial on COVID-19 and to identify the early barriers and facilitators to the trial implementation. Methods We conducted a mixed-methods study in July 2020. A self-administered questionnaire was emailed to 213 clinical, operational and research stakeholders involved in the Coverage trial; individual semi-directed interviews were conducted among 14 stakeholders. Questionnaire data and written interview notes are presented together by key theme. Results One hundred fifty six stakeholders responded to the questionnaire. 53.4% did not have prior experience in clinical research. The motivation of most stakeholders to participate in the Coverage trial was to feel useful during the pandemic. 87.9% agreed that the trial had an unusual set-up timeframe, and many regretted a certain lack of regulatory flexibility. Mobile medical teams and specific professional skills were perceived as instrumental for outpatient research. Conclusions The implementation of a home-based outpatient clinical trial on COVID-19 was perceived as relevant and innovative although requiring important adaptations of usual professional responsibilities and standard research procedures. Lessons learned from the Coverage trial underline the need for improved networks between hospital and community medicine, and call for a dedicated and reactive outpatient research platform on emerging or threatening infectious diseases
ESSAI RANDOMISĂ POUR ĂVALUER LâEFFICACITĂ ET LA SĂCURITĂ DE TRAITEMENTS CHEZ DES PATIENTS AMBULATOIRES ATTEINTS DE COVID-19 AYANT DES FACTEURS DE RISQUE ESSAI COVERAGE FRANCE : PRĂSENTATION DU PROTOCOLE
International audienceContext. The Covid-19 pandemic is of unprecedented magnitude and has had major social and health consequences. Primary care professionals, mainly general practitioners, ensure the care of most patients with Covid-19. An early-stage treatment administered to patients with risk factors for developing a severe disease could reduce hospitalization and death rates. No treatment is currently validated in this indication. Objectives. To evaluate the safety and efficacy of experimental candidate agents delivered in outpatient settings to reduce the risk of hospitalization or death in at-risk patients with early-stage proven Covid-19 and no indication for hospital admission. Methods. Multicentric, open-label, multi-arm, multi-stage (MAMS) randomized controlled trial with a pilot tolerability and safety phase, and a clinical efficacy phase. Efficacy will be determined by the proportion of participants who have an indication for hospital admission, administration of acute oxygen therapy (because of Covid-19) or who decease between D0 and D14 in the experimental treatment group compared to the control group. Expected results. This trial will assess the tolerance and efficacy of diverse treatments administered at an early stage of Covid-19, in patients with risk factors of developing a severe disease. It will also provide information that can contribute to increase primary care actors' ability to conduct clinical trials at the national level.Contexte. La pandĂ©mie de Covid-19 a eu dâimportantes rĂ©percussions sanitaires et sociales. Les acteurs de soins primaires, en particulier les spĂ©cialistes de mĂ©decine gĂ©nĂ©rale, prennent en charge la majoritĂ© des patients atteints de Covid-19. Un traitement prĂ©coce initiĂ© en premiĂšre ligne, notamment chez les patients Ă risque dâaggravation, pourrait rĂ©duire les taux dâhospitalisation et de dĂ©cĂšs. Aucun traitement nâest actuellement validĂ© dans cette indication.Objectif. Ăvaluer lâefficacitĂ© et la tolĂ©rance de traitements expĂ©rimentaux administrĂ©s Ă un stade prĂ©coce, en ambulatoire, dans le but de diminuer le risque de dĂ©velopper une forme sĂ©vĂšre de la maladie chez des patients atteints de Covid-19 ayant des facteurs de risque dâaggravation et qui nâont pas de critĂšres dâhospitalisation.MĂ©thodes. Essai thĂ©rapeutique contrĂŽlĂ© randomisĂ© multicentrique, en ouvert, multi-bras, multi-Ă©tapes (MAMS) comprenant une phase pilote dâĂ©valuation de la tolĂ©rance et une phase dâĂ©valuation de lâefficacitĂ©. LâefficacitĂ© sera Ă©valuĂ©e par la proportion de participants ayant eu une indication dâhospitalisation, une indication dâoxygĂ©nothĂ©rapie aiguĂ« (en raison de la Covid-19), ou dĂ©cĂ©dĂ©s entre J0 et J14 dans le groupe traitement expĂ©rimental par rapport au groupe tĂ©moin. RĂ©sultats attendus. Cet essai permettra dâĂ©valuer la tolĂ©rance et lâefficacitĂ© de lâadministration prĂ©coce de divers traitements dans le cadre de la Covid-19 chez des patients Ă risque de dĂ©velopper des formes graves. Il fournira Ă©galement des informations susceptibles dâamĂ©liorer la recherche clinique interventionnelle impliquant la personne humaine en soins primaires et sa structuration
ESSAI RANDOMISĂ POUR ĂVALUER LâEFFICACITĂ ET LA SĂCURITĂ DE TRAITEMENTS CHEZ DES PATIENTS AMBULATOIRES ATTEINTS DE COVID-19 AYANT DES FACTEURS DE RISQUE ESSAI COVERAGE FRANCE : PRĂSENTATION DU PROTOCOLE
International audienceContext. The Covid-19 pandemic is of unprecedented magnitude and has had major social and health consequences. Primary care professionals, mainly general practitioners, ensure the care of most patients with Covid-19. An early-stage treatment administered to patients with risk factors for developing a severe disease could reduce hospitalization and death rates. No treatment is currently validated in this indication. Objectives. To evaluate the safety and efficacy of experimental candidate agents delivered in outpatient settings to reduce the risk of hospitalization or death in at-risk patients with early-stage proven Covid-19 and no indication for hospital admission. Methods. Multicentric, open-label, multi-arm, multi-stage (MAMS) randomized controlled trial with a pilot tolerability and safety phase, and a clinical efficacy phase. Efficacy will be determined by the proportion of participants who have an indication for hospital admission, administration of acute oxygen therapy (because of Covid-19) or who decease between D0 and D14 in the experimental treatment group compared to the control group. Expected results. This trial will assess the tolerance and efficacy of diverse treatments administered at an early stage of Covid-19, in patients with risk factors of developing a severe disease. It will also provide information that can contribute to increase primary care actors' ability to conduct clinical trials at the national level.Contexte. La pandĂ©mie de Covid-19 a eu dâimportantes rĂ©percussions sanitaires et sociales. Les acteurs de soins primaires, en particulier les spĂ©cialistes de mĂ©decine gĂ©nĂ©rale, prennent en charge la majoritĂ© des patients atteints de Covid-19. Un traitement prĂ©coce initiĂ© en premiĂšre ligne, notamment chez les patients Ă risque dâaggravation, pourrait rĂ©duire les taux dâhospitalisation et de dĂ©cĂšs. Aucun traitement nâest actuellement validĂ© dans cette indication.Objectif. Ăvaluer lâefficacitĂ© et la tolĂ©rance de traitements expĂ©rimentaux administrĂ©s Ă un stade prĂ©coce, en ambulatoire, dans le but de diminuer le risque de dĂ©velopper une forme sĂ©vĂšre de la maladie chez des patients atteints de Covid-19 ayant des facteurs de risque dâaggravation et qui nâont pas de critĂšres dâhospitalisation.MĂ©thodes. Essai thĂ©rapeutique contrĂŽlĂ© randomisĂ© multicentrique, en ouvert, multi-bras, multi-Ă©tapes (MAMS) comprenant une phase pilote dâĂ©valuation de la tolĂ©rance et une phase dâĂ©valuation de lâefficacitĂ©. LâefficacitĂ© sera Ă©valuĂ©e par la proportion de participants ayant eu une indication dâhospitalisation, une indication dâoxygĂ©nothĂ©rapie aiguĂ« (en raison de la Covid-19), ou dĂ©cĂ©dĂ©s entre J0 et J14 dans le groupe traitement expĂ©rimental par rapport au groupe tĂ©moin. RĂ©sultats attendus. Cet essai permettra dâĂ©valuer la tolĂ©rance et lâefficacitĂ© de lâadministration prĂ©coce de divers traitements dans le cadre de la Covid-19 chez des patients Ă risque de dĂ©velopper des formes graves. Il fournira Ă©galement des informations susceptibles dâamĂ©liorer la recherche clinique interventionnelle impliquant la personne humaine en soins primaires et sa structuration
ESSAI RANDOMISĂ POUR ĂVALUER LâEFFICACITĂ ET LA SĂCURITĂ DE TRAITEMENTS CHEZ DES PATIENTS AMBULATOIRES ATTEINTS DE COVID-19 AYANT DES FACTEURS DE RISQUE ESSAI COVERAGE FRANCE : PRĂSENTATION DU PROTOCOLE
International audienceContext. The Covid-19 pandemic is of unprecedented magnitude and has had major social and health consequences. Primary care professionals, mainly general practitioners, ensure the care of most patients with Covid-19. An early-stage treatment administered to patients with risk factors for developing a severe disease could reduce hospitalization and death rates. No treatment is currently validated in this indication. Objectives. To evaluate the safety and efficacy of experimental candidate agents delivered in outpatient settings to reduce the risk of hospitalization or death in at-risk patients with early-stage proven Covid-19 and no indication for hospital admission. Methods. Multicentric, open-label, multi-arm, multi-stage (MAMS) randomized controlled trial with a pilot tolerability and safety phase, and a clinical efficacy phase. Efficacy will be determined by the proportion of participants who have an indication for hospital admission, administration of acute oxygen therapy (because of Covid-19) or who decease between D0 and D14 in the experimental treatment group compared to the control group. Expected results. This trial will assess the tolerance and efficacy of diverse treatments administered at an early stage of Covid-19, in patients with risk factors of developing a severe disease. It will also provide information that can contribute to increase primary care actors' ability to conduct clinical trials at the national level.Contexte. La pandĂ©mie de Covid-19 a eu dâimportantes rĂ©percussions sanitaires et sociales. Les acteurs de soins primaires, en particulier les spĂ©cialistes de mĂ©decine gĂ©nĂ©rale, prennent en charge la majoritĂ© des patients atteints de Covid-19. Un traitement prĂ©coce initiĂ© en premiĂšre ligne, notamment chez les patients Ă risque dâaggravation, pourrait rĂ©duire les taux dâhospitalisation et de dĂ©cĂšs. Aucun traitement nâest actuellement validĂ© dans cette indication.Objectif. Ăvaluer lâefficacitĂ© et la tolĂ©rance de traitements expĂ©rimentaux administrĂ©s Ă un stade prĂ©coce, en ambulatoire, dans le but de diminuer le risque de dĂ©velopper une forme sĂ©vĂšre de la maladie chez des patients atteints de Covid-19 ayant des facteurs de risque dâaggravation et qui nâont pas de critĂšres dâhospitalisation.MĂ©thodes. Essai thĂ©rapeutique contrĂŽlĂ© randomisĂ© multicentrique, en ouvert, multi-bras, multi-Ă©tapes (MAMS) comprenant une phase pilote dâĂ©valuation de la tolĂ©rance et une phase dâĂ©valuation de lâefficacitĂ©. LâefficacitĂ© sera Ă©valuĂ©e par la proportion de participants ayant eu une indication dâhospitalisation, une indication dâoxygĂ©nothĂ©rapie aiguĂ« (en raison de la Covid-19), ou dĂ©cĂ©dĂ©s entre J0 et J14 dans le groupe traitement expĂ©rimental par rapport au groupe tĂ©moin. RĂ©sultats attendus. Cet essai permettra dâĂ©valuer la tolĂ©rance et lâefficacitĂ© de lâadministration prĂ©coce de divers traitements dans le cadre de la Covid-19 chez des patients Ă risque de dĂ©velopper des formes graves. Il fournira Ă©galement des informations susceptibles dâamĂ©liorer la recherche clinique interventionnelle impliquant la personne humaine en soins primaires et sa structuration
ESSAI RANDOMISĂ POUR ĂVALUER LâEFFICACITĂ ET LA SĂCURITĂ DE TRAITEMENTS CHEZ DES PATIENTS AMBULATOIRES ATTEINTS DE COVID-19 AYANT DES FACTEURS DE RISQUE ESSAI COVERAGE FRANCE : PRĂSENTATION DU PROTOCOLE
International audienceContext. The Covid-19 pandemic is of unprecedented magnitude and has had major social and health consequences. Primary care professionals, mainly general practitioners, ensure the care of most patients with Covid-19. An early-stage treatment administered to patients with risk factors for developing a severe disease could reduce hospitalization and death rates. No treatment is currently validated in this indication. Objectives. To evaluate the safety and efficacy of experimental candidate agents delivered in outpatient settings to reduce the risk of hospitalization or death in at-risk patients with early-stage proven Covid-19 and no indication for hospital admission. Methods. Multicentric, open-label, multi-arm, multi-stage (MAMS) randomized controlled trial with a pilot tolerability and safety phase, and a clinical efficacy phase. Efficacy will be determined by the proportion of participants who have an indication for hospital admission, administration of acute oxygen therapy (because of Covid-19) or who decease between D0 and D14 in the experimental treatment group compared to the control group. Expected results. This trial will assess the tolerance and efficacy of diverse treatments administered at an early stage of Covid-19, in patients with risk factors of developing a severe disease. It will also provide information that can contribute to increase primary care actors' ability to conduct clinical trials at the national level.Contexte. La pandĂ©mie de Covid-19 a eu dâimportantes rĂ©percussions sanitaires et sociales. Les acteurs de soins primaires, en particulier les spĂ©cialistes de mĂ©decine gĂ©nĂ©rale, prennent en charge la majoritĂ© des patients atteints de Covid-19. Un traitement prĂ©coce initiĂ© en premiĂšre ligne, notamment chez les patients Ă risque dâaggravation, pourrait rĂ©duire les taux dâhospitalisation et de dĂ©cĂšs. Aucun traitement nâest actuellement validĂ© dans cette indication.Objectif. Ăvaluer lâefficacitĂ© et la tolĂ©rance de traitements expĂ©rimentaux administrĂ©s Ă un stade prĂ©coce, en ambulatoire, dans le but de diminuer le risque de dĂ©velopper une forme sĂ©vĂšre de la maladie chez des patients atteints de Covid-19 ayant des facteurs de risque dâaggravation et qui nâont pas de critĂšres dâhospitalisation.MĂ©thodes. Essai thĂ©rapeutique contrĂŽlĂ© randomisĂ© multicentrique, en ouvert, multi-bras, multi-Ă©tapes (MAMS) comprenant une phase pilote dâĂ©valuation de la tolĂ©rance et une phase dâĂ©valuation de lâefficacitĂ©. LâefficacitĂ© sera Ă©valuĂ©e par la proportion de participants ayant eu une indication dâhospitalisation, une indication dâoxygĂ©nothĂ©rapie aiguĂ« (en raison de la Covid-19), ou dĂ©cĂ©dĂ©s entre J0 et J14 dans le groupe traitement expĂ©rimental par rapport au groupe tĂ©moin. RĂ©sultats attendus. Cet essai permettra dâĂ©valuer la tolĂ©rance et lâefficacitĂ© de lâadministration prĂ©coce de divers traitements dans le cadre de la Covid-19 chez des patients Ă risque de dĂ©velopper des formes graves. Il fournira Ă©galement des informations susceptibles dâamĂ©liorer la recherche clinique interventionnelle impliquant la personne humaine en soins primaires et sa structuration
ESSAI RANDOMISĂ POUR ĂVALUER LâEFFICACITĂ ET LA SĂCURITĂ DE TRAITEMENTS CHEZ DES PATIENTS AMBULATOIRES ATTEINTS DE COVID-19 AYANT DES FACTEURS DE RISQUE ESSAI COVERAGE FRANCE : PRĂSENTATION DU PROTOCOLE
International audienceContext. The Covid-19 pandemic is of unprecedented magnitude and has had major social and health consequences. Primary care professionals, mainly general practitioners, ensure the care of most patients with Covid-19. An early-stage treatment administered to patients with risk factors for developing a severe disease could reduce hospitalization and death rates. No treatment is currently validated in this indication. Objectives. To evaluate the safety and efficacy of experimental candidate agents delivered in outpatient settings to reduce the risk of hospitalization or death in at-risk patients with early-stage proven Covid-19 and no indication for hospital admission. Methods. Multicentric, open-label, multi-arm, multi-stage (MAMS) randomized controlled trial with a pilot tolerability and safety phase, and a clinical efficacy phase. Efficacy will be determined by the proportion of participants who have an indication for hospital admission, administration of acute oxygen therapy (because of Covid-19) or who decease between D0 and D14 in the experimental treatment group compared to the control group. Expected results. This trial will assess the tolerance and efficacy of diverse treatments administered at an early stage of Covid-19, in patients with risk factors of developing a severe disease. It will also provide information that can contribute to increase primary care actors' ability to conduct clinical trials at the national level.Contexte. La pandĂ©mie de Covid-19 a eu dâimportantes rĂ©percussions sanitaires et sociales. Les acteurs de soins primaires, en particulier les spĂ©cialistes de mĂ©decine gĂ©nĂ©rale, prennent en charge la majoritĂ© des patients atteints de Covid-19. Un traitement prĂ©coce initiĂ© en premiĂšre ligne, notamment chez les patients Ă risque dâaggravation, pourrait rĂ©duire les taux dâhospitalisation et de dĂ©cĂšs. Aucun traitement nâest actuellement validĂ© dans cette indication.Objectif. Ăvaluer lâefficacitĂ© et la tolĂ©rance de traitements expĂ©rimentaux administrĂ©s Ă un stade prĂ©coce, en ambulatoire, dans le but de diminuer le risque de dĂ©velopper une forme sĂ©vĂšre de la maladie chez des patients atteints de Covid-19 ayant des facteurs de risque dâaggravation et qui nâont pas de critĂšres dâhospitalisation.MĂ©thodes. Essai thĂ©rapeutique contrĂŽlĂ© randomisĂ© multicentrique, en ouvert, multi-bras, multi-Ă©tapes (MAMS) comprenant une phase pilote dâĂ©valuation de la tolĂ©rance et une phase dâĂ©valuation de lâefficacitĂ©. LâefficacitĂ© sera Ă©valuĂ©e par la proportion de participants ayant eu une indication dâhospitalisation, une indication dâoxygĂ©nothĂ©rapie aiguĂ« (en raison de la Covid-19), ou dĂ©cĂ©dĂ©s entre J0 et J14 dans le groupe traitement expĂ©rimental par rapport au groupe tĂ©moin. RĂ©sultats attendus. Cet essai permettra dâĂ©valuer la tolĂ©rance et lâefficacitĂ© de lâadministration prĂ©coce de divers traitements dans le cadre de la Covid-19 chez des patients Ă risque de dĂ©velopper des formes graves. Il fournira Ă©galement des informations susceptibles dâamĂ©liorer la recherche clinique interventionnelle impliquant la personne humaine en soins primaires et sa structuration