Cultura organizacional y productividad. Estudio de caso en una microempresa productora de botanas en Metepec, Estado de México, 2018.

Un aspecto de gran relevancia para muchas microempresas radica en cómo pueden incrementar su productividad y una manera de lograrlo puede ser a través de la cultura organizacional. La empresa objeto de estudio, necesita ser empujada a través del mejoramiento de su cultura y así crear en los colaboradores sentido de pertenencia, que obtengan una visión compartida, que expresen compromiso hacia la empresa, que sientan que todos son todos parte de ella, que colaboren conjuntamente en equipo y así puedan lograr fácilmente los objetivos teniendo un impacto positivo dentro de ella. Se consideró que una alternativa para atender la problemática de la empresa puede basarse en diseñar un plan estratégico para incrementar la productividad por medio del mejoramiento de la cultura organizacional. Se ha comprendido que no existe cultura perfecta, pero que se puede llegar a ser una cultura fuerte

Del delito imperfecto al delito perfecto

El tema ¨DEL DELITO IMPERFECTO AL DELITO PERFECTO¨, resulta de gran importancia dentro del Derecho Penal, por cuanto abarca todo aquel proceso de desarrollo del delito desde que se concibe en la mente del sujeto hasta que se consuma o agota

Reduced Responsiveness to Volatile Signals Creates a Modular Reward Provisioning in an Obligate Food-for-Protection Mutualism

Plants in more than 100 families secrete extrafloral nectar (EFN) to establish food-for-protection mutualisms with ants. Facultative ant-plants secrete EFN as a jasmonic acid (JA)-dependent response to attract generalist ants. In contrast, obligate ant-plants like the Central American “Swollen-Thorn Acacias” are colonized by specialized ants, although an individual host can carry ant colonies from different species that differ in the degree of protection they provide. We hypothesized that hosts that associate simultaneously with various partners should produce rewards in a modular manner to preferentially reward high quality partners. To test this hypothesis, we applied JA to distinct leaves and quantified cell wall invertase activity (CWIN; a regulator of nectar secretion) and EFN secretion by these “local” (i.e., treated) and the “systemic” (i.e., non-treated) leaves of the same branch. Both CWIN activity and EFN secretion increased in local and systemic leaves of the facultative ant-plant Acacia cochliacantha, but only in the local leaves of the obligate ant-plant, A. cornigera. The systemic EFN secretion in A. cochliacantha was associated with an enhanced emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Such VOCs function as “external signals” that control systemic defense responses in diverse plant species. Indeed, the headspace of JA-treated branches of A. cochliacantha induced EFN secretion in both plant species, whereas the headspace of A. cornigera caused no detectable induction effect. Analyses of the headspace using GC-MS identified six VOCs in the headspace of A. cochliacantha that were not emitted by A. cornigera. Among these VOCs, β-caryophyllene and (cis)-hexenyl isovalerate have already been reported in other plant species to induce defense traits, including EFN secretion. Our observations underline the importance of VOCs as systemic within-plant signals and show that the modular rewarding in A. cornigera is likely to result from a reduced emission of the systemic signal, rather than from a reduced responsiveness to the signal. We suggest that modular rewarding allows hosts to restrict the metabolic investment to specific partners and to efficiently sanction potential exploiters

Selective production of Dihydroxyacetone and Glyceraldehyde by Photo-assisted Oxidation of Glycerol

Glycerol is a by-product during biodiesel production and represents a potential low-cost raw material for obtaining high-cost products like Dihydroxyacetone (DHA) and glyceraldehyde (GCD) amongst others. In this work, Fe-Pillared clay (Fe-PILC) was assessed as catalyst of the selective photo-oxidation of glycerol to obtain DHA and GCD at moderate conditions (298 K and atmospheric pressure). This was conducted in a 100 mL Pyrex glass batch reactor where a Pen-Ray lamp of mercury of 5.5 Watts UV light (UVP) was placed at the centre. The Fe-PILC was prepared by ion exchange. The pillaring was confirmed by XRD, and a 17% w/w of Fe was determined by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy. The active phases were established by XPS and found to be FeO and Fe3O4. The specific surface area of the clay (bentonite), determined by N2 physisorption, increased from 34 m2/g to 227 m2/g and the pore volume increased from 0.058 cm3/g to 0.106 cm3/g. The studied variables were catalyst loading and glycerol initial concentration. An experiment with TiO2 Degussa P25 was also performed as reference. It was found that by adding Fe-PILC to the glycerol oxidation system, selectivity towards DHA or GCD can be tuned. A selectivity towards DHA was found to be 87% with 0.1 g/L of Fe-Pillared after 8 h reaction. The in situ production ofH2O2 was observed and therefore concluded that the glycerol oxidation occurs via a Fenton process, i.e. via free radicals.CONAYCT project 269093 UAEM project 437

Efficacy of current treatments against hepatitis C virus

It is estimated that currently, in the world, approximately 3% of the population has chronic hepatitis, the hepatitis C virus is the etiological agent most related to the development of this pathology. The diversity of genotypes (7) and quasi-species of HCV, due to its high mutation rate, interferes with an effective humoral immunity. The aim of this work is precisely to evoke those usual drugs used in HCV therapy, as well as cutting-edge drugs. The goal of treatment is the eradication of HCV infection. One strategy offered by the WHO is to eradicate the virus in at-risk populations. Alternatives to the previously used treatment with interferon and ribavirin are shown in this paper; protease inhibitors and other targets have now been developed to make eradication of the virus more effective

El informe de arbitraje según la recomendación de publicación y la productividad de los evaluadores

El informe de arbitraje de artículos de investigación es un género en el que se cristaliza una parte del proceso colectivo de construcción del conocimiento. Debido a su carácter confidencial, existen muy pocos trabajos que aborden empíricamente este género. A su vez, esos pocos estudios tienen una serie de limitantes, como la falta de definición de la unidad de análisis y la falta de integración de los datos discursivos con los datos sociales de quienes los producen. En este trabajo, presentamos un modelo que busca superar limitantes. Aplicamos este modelo para describir cómo varía el informe de arbitraje según dos atributos extralingüísticos, la recomendación de publicación (aceptar, condicionar o rechazar) y el número de artículos publicados por los evaluadores. Los resultados muestran que ambos atributos extralingüísticos se asocian a cambios específicos del discurso de este género, siendo la recomendación de publicación más determinante que la productividad de los evaluadores.The referee report of research articles is a discursive genre in which a part of the collective process of building knowledge is crystalized. Given its confidentiality, there is little empirical work on this genre. Among these few contributions, a series of limitations can be identified, such as the lack of definition of the unit of analysis or the lack of integration between discursive and sociometric data. In this article, we present a model that contributes to overcoming these limitations. The model was applied with the purpose of analyzing the variation of referee reports according to two extralinguistic variables, i.e., publication recommendation (accepted, conditioned, rejected) and referee's number of published articles. The results showed that both extralinguistic attributes were associated with specific discourse variations, of which publication recommendation was more decisive than referee's academic productivity

Household Surveillance for Norovirus Gastroenteritis in a Nicaraguan Birth Cohort: A Nested Case—Control Analysis of Norovirus Risk Factors

Norovirus causes a large proportion of pediatric acute gastroenteritis (AGE) worldwide, and no vaccines are currently available. To inform public health measures against norovirus gastroenteritis, we assessed risk factors in a case–control study nested in a birth cohort study in Nicaragua. Between June 2017 and January 2022, we followed children weekly for AGE episodes, and collected stool specimens from symptomatic children. Risk factors for AGE were collected during routine weekly visits. Norovirus was detected in stools using real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and positive specimens were genotyped using Sanger sequencing. We included 40 norovirus-positive AGE children matched 1:2 to controls and conducted bivariate and multivariable analyses of norovirus AGE risk factors. Among typeable norovirus infections, GII.4 were more severe than non-GII.4 (four/twenty-one vs. one/nine) and accounted for all emergency visits and hospitalizations. Adjusted conditional logistic regression found that female sex and higher length-for-age Z score were protective against norovirus AGE; a dirt floor in the home, sharing cups or bottles, and recent contact with someone with AGE symptoms were associated with norovirus AGE, though estimates were highly imprecise. Reducing contact with symptomatic persons and with saliva or other bodily fluids on cups or floors could reduce infant norovirus incidence

Identical repeated backbone of the human genome

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Identical sequences with a minimal length of about 300 base pairs (bp) have been involved in the generation of various meiotic/mitotic genomic rearrangements through non-allelic homologous recombination (NAHR) events. Genomic disorders and structural variation, together with gene remodelling processes have been associated with many of these rearrangements. Based on these observations, we identified and integrated all the 100% identical repeats of at least 300 bp in the NCBI version 36.2 human genome reference assembly into non-overlapping regions, thus defining the Identical Repeated Backbone (IRB) of the reference human genome.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The IRB sequences are distributed all over the genome in 66,600 regions, which correspond to ~2% of the total NCBI human genome reference assembly. Important structural and functional elements such as common repeats, segmental duplications, and genes are contained in the IRB. About 80% of the IRB bp overlap with known copy-number variants (CNVs). By analyzing the genes embedded in the IRB, we were able to detect some identical genes not previously included in the Ensembl release 50 annotation of human genes. In addition, we found evidence of IRB gene copy-number polymorphisms in raw sequence reads of two diploid sequenced genomes.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>In general, the IRB offers new insight into the complex organization of the identical repeated sequences of the human genome. It provides an accurate map of potential NAHR sites which could be used in targeting the study of novel CNVs, predicting DNA copy-number variation in newly sequenced genomes, and improve genome annotation.</p

Desarrollo de la competencia Aplicación de la matemática al entorno en la enseñanza de la geometría para el nivel de sexto grado en los Centros Escolares: Centro Escolar Gral. Manuel Belgrano, Centro Escolar República de Perú

En el trabajo de investigación se plantea una situación problemática que afecta directamente la enseñanza de la matemática específicamente en el desarrollo de la competencia “aplicación de la matemática al entorno en el área de la geometría”. En estos últimos dos años en El Salvador se ha elaborado una actualización de programas de estudio de matemáticas a nivel de educación básica y media. Propuesta y ejecutada por el Ministerio de Educación, Ciencia y Tecnología (MINEDUCYT), donde se reestructuran los programas de trabajo en las escuelas, además de modificar la cantidad de unidades de la asignatura de matemática

Silicone-specific identification of trace polydimethylsiloxanes in wines with 2D-diffusion-ordered nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (DOSY-NMR)

Present work stresses a novel analytical approach for increasing the specificity of standard NMR approaches for identifying polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and further silicone moieties in wines’ organic extracts, by including a second dimension that correlates chemical shifts with diffusion coefficients by means of pulsed-field gradient diffusion ordered spectroscopy (DOSY-NMR). Each silicone source in wines is unambiguously assigned by correlation of both local chemical environments and by a unique diffusion coefficient value, in turn related to a hydrodynamic radius (RH) that can be obtained with respect proper internal standards. Obtained PDMS diffusion coefficient values and hydrodynamic radii in wines’ extracts, in agreement with expected values, present a selectivity and specificity so far not reported, that positions DOSY-NMR spectroscopy as an alternative in oenology for controlling PDMS limits