"Personal Jesus": Adam of Bremen and 'Private' Churches in Scandinavia During the Early Conversion Period

In modern research it is customary to describe the 50s and the 60s of eleventh century as a first phase of the struggle for independence by the local churches in Scandinavia. All of them were officially subordinated to the church of Hamburg-Bremen, even if some of them found themselves under the influence of the Anglo-Saxon church. However, careful reading of Adam of Bremen's Gesta Hammaburgensis ecclesiae Pontificum indicates that in fact the period at the end of the first phase of Christianisation, was a period of personal initiatives by local rulers to control the missions and religious establishments in their lands. These religious initiatives by rulers in 1050s and 1060s turned the control over the local churches into a political tool against unwelcome foreign influences. However, it would be a mistake to try and describe this period as an awakening of a national church movement in Scandinavia for ecclesiastical independence. The kings simply wanted to keep the church subjected only to them.Em pesquisas modernas é costume descrever as década de 50 e 60 do século XI como a primeira fase da luta pela indepen dência de igrejas locais na Escandinávia. Todas elas eram oficialmente subordinadas a igreja de Hamburgo-Bremen, mesmo que algumas delas estivessem sob a influência da igreja anglo-saxônica. Porém, uma leitura cuidadosa da Gesta Hammaburgensis ecclesiae Pontificum de Adão de Bremen indica, de fato, que o período do final da primeira fase da cristianização era um período de iniciativas pessoais de governantes locais para controlar as missões e os estabelecimentos religiosos de suas terras. Estas iniciativas religiosas de governantes nos anos 1050s e 1060s tornou o controle sobre igrejas locais em uma ferramenta política contra a não desejada influencia externa. Contudo, seria um erro tentar descrever este período como um despertar de um movimento nacionalista da igreja escandinava por independência clerical. Os reis simplesmente queriam manter a igreja sujeita somente a eles

Först och sist - Haqvin Spegel och ordförrådets förnyelse

[Der findes ikke resumé til denne artikel

Fran göticism till ’det svenska folklynnet’. Om äldre traditioner i svensk identitetsforskning

National identity, in the meaning of a need to define oneself as a member of a nation and to characterize one's nation, is not constant. It increases during crises and transformations in state and society, and decreases in periods of stabilisation. In the case of Sweden, the research on the natłonal character and identity flourished in the 19th and the early 20th century, which was crucial time politically, economically and socially. The main trends in a searching for the Swedish identity, which are discussed in this article, were inspired by the Nordic mjrthology, the so called great power period in the Swedish history (the 17th century) and the folk traditions symbolised by the province of Dalecarlia. This article presents also the attempts to portray the Swedish national character by C. L. J. Almqvist, V. von Heidenstam, E. Key, A. Strindberg and G. Sundbarg.National identity, in the meaning of a need to define oneself as a member of a nation and to characterize one's nation, is not constant. It increases during crises and transformations in state and society, and decreases in periods of stabilisation. In the case of Sweden, the research on the natłonal character and identity flourished in the 19th and the early 20th century, which was crucial time politically, economically and socially. The main trends in a searching for the Swedish identity, which are discussed in this article, were inspired by the Nordic mjrthology, the so called great power period in the Swedish history (the 17th century) and the folk traditions symbolised by the province of Dalecarlia. This article presents also the attempts to portray the Swedish national character by C. L. J. Almqvist, V. von Heidenstam, E. Key, A. Strindberg and G. Sundbarg

Jäljittelyn ja muuntelun dynamiikkaa Matthias Salamniuksen runossa Ilo-Laulu Jesuxesta

Matthias Salamniuksen Ilo-Laulu Jesuxesta (1690) on kahdentuhannen säkeen laajuinen kertova runo, joka käsittelee Jeesuksen syntymää ja kuolemaa. Kalevalamittainen runo kuuluu varhaisen uuden ajan suomenkielisen kirjallisuuden merkittävimpiin teoksiin. Runo sai kanonisen aseman jo varhain, ja tutkimuksessa on oltu kiinnostuneita sen yhteyksistä aikakauden suulliseen ja kirjoitettuun runouteen. Artikkelissa tarkastelen runon lajiin, poetiikkaan ja tekstien välisiin suhteisiin liittyviä kysymyksiä 1600-luvun runoutta hallinneen imitaation käsitteen valossa. Varhaisen uuden ajan kirjallisuudessa imitaatio oli luonteeltaan monimuotoista ja dynaamista ja kannusti tunnetun aineksen ja tuttujen muotojen soveltamiseen ja muokkaamiseen. Näin jäljittelevä poetiikka myös edisti kansankielisen kirjallisuuden kehittymistä. Tulkitsen teosta kristillisenä eepoksena, joka jäljittelyn tekniikoista nojaa etenkin parafraasiin. Pääasialliseksi parafraasin kohteeksi osoittautuu Mikael Agricolan laatima yhteensovitus neljän evankeliumin kärsimyshistoriasta (1549). Tarkastelun kohteena ovat lisäksi runon eeppiseen kerrontaan yhdistyvät opettavat kommentit, laajennukset ja lisäykset. Artikkeli osoittaa, kuinka raamatullinen epiikka avautuu Salamniuksen runossa kohti hartauskirjallisuutta

Intermidialidade e remediação em Onde andará Dulce Veiga?, de Caio Fernando Abreu, e Short Movies, de Gonçalo M. Tavares

Neste trabalho, pretende-se analisar narrativas contemporâneas em que o cinema esteja presente, sob a forma de “referência intermidiática”. Nesse sentido, são empregadas teorias provenientes dos estudos da intermidialidade para analisar as obras Onde andará Dulce Veiga? (1990), do brasileiro Caio Fernando Abreu, e Short Movies, do português Gonçalo M. Tavares. Espera-se investigar determinadas trocas entre literatura e cinema, apontando possíveis ganhos para ambas as mídias nesse processo

Die Entwicklung des Kasussystems der Wortart Substantiv vom Urindogermanischen zum Neuschwedischen

Die vorliegende Diplomarbeit befasst sich mit der Entwicklung, die das Kasussystem der Wortart Substantiv von der urindogermanischen Sprachstufe (bis ca. 3500 v. Chr.) bis zum Beginn der neuschwedischen Sprachstufe (ab ca. 1550 n. Chr.) durchläuft. Der Schwerpunkt der Darstellung liegt auf den Vorgängen, die nach der Ausgliederung des Schwedischen aus dem Altnordischen stattfinden.This thesis describes the development of the case system of nouns from Proto-Indo-European to Early Modern Swedish

Arbetarklassen under rekordåren

Denna kandidatuppsats syftar till att undersöka hur arbetarklassen gestaltas i Susanna Alakoskis självbiografiskt färgade roman Svinalängorna (2006). Uppsatsen syftar också till att undersöka vad som spelar in i klassificeringen av familjen som arbetarklass genom att jämföra romanens gestaltning av arbetarklassen med den som framträder i historieskrivningen. För att besvara mina frågeställningar har jag utgått från en kvalitativ forskningsansats i min litteraturstudie, som inbegriper en djupgående läsning av romanen. Under läsningen har referenser gjorts till vad de olika sidorna behandlar, som sedan sammanfattas och sorterats under olika teman. Jag har utgått från ett intersektionellt perspektiv, som kopplas till begreppet respektabilitet. Familjen i Svinalängorna framställs som en familj utan nämnvärd social status och som har ekonomiska problem. Föräldrarnas alkoholkonsumtion och ekonomiska förutsättningar motverkar deras strävan att bli respektabla. Slutligen presenterar Svinalängorna en alternativ bild av de svenska rekordåren och verkligheten för en arbetarklassfamilj i Sverige under 1960- och 1970-talen